Door closers

Device for forced closing and ensure reliable operation zlektrozamkov are called closers. In most of these devices to achieve the smooth progress of the door using a hydraulic damping, and the presence of control valve allows you to select the desired closing speed. There are various models closers. They have their own design features and are designed for doors of different size, weight and destination. The first mention of the terminal unit goes back to the ancient period. Even then tried to close the door with a rope tied to a stone. In the XIX century there was a so-called hinge for swing doors, which made it possible to open the door to both sides and close it automatically with a spring force. Fast enough, however, it became clear that such structures have a relatively narrow scope, and closing the door does not budge no control. American Blount first developed the widely known today door closer. Mounted at the top of the door leaf, he acted with crank and piston. Change the closing speed was carried out by the oil. This principle and today is used by many famous manufacturers. With the development of technological advances in recent decades have ideas, allowing system solutions. For example, have begun to use the drive gear door closing. The latest development - closer to the sliding rod and driven by the camshaft. If necessary, the device for closing can be set on fire and dymoizoliruyuschie doors and supplemented electrohydraulic or electromagnetic elements. Today it has become possible to carry out installation in all positions: there are the top (with a standard lever or sliding pencils), embedded in a frame or even mounted in the door leaf and floor closers. These devices are installed on the doors of many institutions, children's education, dwelling houses, etc. The main reasons for the use of closers are the need to security, including fire protection, energy saving, thermal insulation, noise protection and the adverse environmental impact. The operating principle of finishers as follows: opening the door, anyone making an effort, which is mechanically transferred to the closer and accumulates compression built into the enclosure door closer spring. Last, returning to its original position, allows the adjustment process of closing the door. Depending on the manufacturer and type of construction principles of the closers are somewhat different. The top closers Today, the most common door closers with a gear drive. Toothed gear, which meshes with a toothed piston moves the piston along the axis of rotation (opening doors), lever door closer moves on an arc. Part of the lever, screwed directly to the body coils, positioned vertically on the gearing. The axis of the gear passes vertically through the building door closer. Gear teeth mesh with teeth of the piston. When driving axle gear piston moves in a horizontal direction and thereby compresses the spring. Thus, the accumulated energy. When you release the door spring is decompressed, puts pressure on the piston in the opposite direction, the axis of gear rotates, said energy through a lever on the door design, thus closing the door. With the advent of the first finishers of the sliding rod and driven by a cam shaft on the market quickly discovered that the gear drive is not the best technical solution. These closers no traditional lever (knee), and the slide guides is located on the surface of the door frame or door leaf, so there is no shoulder for optimum power transfer, which leads to the adverse leakage power process. To solve this problem in the mid-80's was invented so-called drive from the camshaft (camshaft drive previously used only for floor finishers). Cam, who is both an axis is made in the form of a symmetric or an asymmetric heart (depending on design) and is located between the two pistons - brake and opening up that are in contact with the cam through commercials. During the rotation (opening door) cam fairly evenly compresses the spring through the opening piston. At unclamping spring opening piston moves back, the cam returns to its original position and the brake piston slows closing the door. Closers of this design allow the transfer of effort optimally, which makes them, at least the equivalent conventional door closer with a gear drive, and in some cases even exceeding them. In the old design with a crank-driven closers were used coil springs and hydraulic control piston located in two separate chambers. These systems are relatively simple and does not imply any possibility of reliable control over the movement of the door, no adjustments. In addition, they have quite a high altitude, which is often a disadvantage. Such devices do not meet modern requirements, but due to its powerful design still has many admirers. Floor closers: Because these devices are placed in the floor, their installation should be taken into account already at the design stage. Door with all your weight is resting on the bottom of the rotation axis (terminal unit) and sent to the second axis of rotation. In this case, it is necessary that both axes positioned vertically on one line. Some models when installing the middle of the leaf give a chance to pass on both sides. When installing the closer to the left or right side of the door closing set a definite direction. Due to the lack of linkage designs such closers have a much greater torque on the axis, which requires more powerful designs. Almost all the interior systems operate on the following principle. When you open the door rotates serdtseobraznaya axis, serving as the bottom support the door. This puts pressure on the axis of roller is located between two bars. Serdtseobraznoy rotation axis is converted into forward motion roller in the housing door closer. Through the stock strap connected to the piston. On the stock planted helical compression spring, most often located inside the stem. During the rotation axis of the spring is compressed, thereby accumulating the energy of the door opening. When closing spring decompressed. Roller power circuit provides synchronization of the door and hydraulics, excluding, for example, strokes due to the effects of wind. Often resort to manual depreciation opening doors due to the special form of rotational axis. Frame closers: Devices mounted in a hidden frame or door frame, operate on the same principle as the floor. Support in the floor bears the weight of the door. Built at the top of the door lever transmits rotation from the axis of the door closer to the door leaf. The lever turns serdtseobraznuyu axis, which, depending on the direction of opening presses on one of the rollers. Rotational motion leads to compression of two springs in the housing door closer. When closing the whole process goes in the opposite direction. Closers mounted in the door leaf, until recently, because of the large size and gear drive used sporadically. Only after the application of the cam drive has managed to minimize their size and equipped with all the features, making it possible to install even on fire doors. A wooden blade, or a profile for installation in their closers to be milled. Many manufacturers are already offering profiles, and assembly drawings. For those closers, no doubt, a great future. This new kind of concealed closers have all known adjustments, which allows us to complete alternative to overhead door closer. The possibility of adjustments finishers: To choose the right door closer, we must take into account many factors. The door rotates around a fixed axis, and the air resistance is greatest at its outer edge. The wider the door, the stronger the need closer. The efforts he has to develop, normalized in the European standard EN 1154: EN 1 (750 mm) - 20 kg; EN 2 (up to 850 mm) - 40 kg; EN 3 (up to 950 mm) - 60 kg; EN 4 ( up to 1100 mm) - 80 kg; EN 5 (up to 1250 mm) - 100 kg; EN 6 (1400 mm) - 120 kg; EN 7 (1600 mm) - 160 kg. In special cases, can be installed simultaneously two finishers, which increases the force by about 30%. Design with wide canvas over 1600 mm are no longer doors and gates, and in this case requires other closing systems. Of course, the work of closers is greatly influenced by the mass of the door. Hinges should accept the weight of cloth so that the door closes without friction. From the door closer can not demand normal operation if the door hinges rusted or canvas as they move constantly rubs against the box. In floor closers, this problem disappears, since they are equipped with heavy duty bearings and can withstand the doors up to 300 kg. In most cases the weight of the door lies on the axis of the door closer. Some closers are unregulated (permanent) closing force, which depends on the power of the spring. Others allow you to adjust closing force by the displacement of the hull or screw rotation, thus achieving the preload spring. Closing force is always smaller than its resistance to opening: part of the energy lost to friction and inertia. A good closer transmits at closing 65%, poor - 15-30% of its energy. Therefore, greater effort at opening do not. means more effort at closing. Poor power transmission also means substantial deterioration of the material due to internal friction. A good door closer the efficiency of the largest at the end of closing (when it is necessary to overcome the force of the latch lock at the entrance to the mounting plate). Speed ??usually regulate the speed by closing or opening a valve, changing the oil flow. In good door closer is used termokonstantnye oil and valves. In this case, the valve adjusts the oil viscosity. With decreasing temperature the oil becomes more viscous and clearance in the valve increases. With increasing temperature the oil becomes more fluid and the gap is reduced. If the door closing was performed unregulated spring force, the door would just clapped. Convenient operation is achieved by hydraulic oil, which is filled with body terminal unit (of good closers - about 200 ml). When the piston oil to prepared for this channel flows in the opposite direction. Thus, on opening the doors of oil flows through the hole in the piston in the casing portion closers, which frees the piston during its motion. Drainer is a check valve that allows oil to flow in one direction only. When the door is closed the piston returns to its original position. In this oil passes through the recirculation channels in the direction of the spring. In some places channels are control valves, without which the door is closed to instantly, as the oil flows quickly. Control valves affect the oil flow and thus the speed - without any change in spring force. Most closers have at least one valve. On many models include a second valve to create a so-called final latching action (the last 7-15 °). Another valve can adjust the delay closing (between 70 and, at least 90 °). The process of closing may be delayed in the range of up to 35 seconds. There is also the possibility of depreciation of a door opening by an additional valve. In this case, the opening angle of about 70 ° occurs damping by restricting the flow of oil. Door closers inhibited, which prevents unauthorized opening of its fast. Normal opening of this valve, however, does not prevent movement. Fixing the position As a rule, closers are equipped with mechanical fasteners, inferred from the fixed position by hand only. In closers with standard arm for this purpose use the so-called locking levers, they can be replaced and the usual system of levers without fixation. In this case we can just set a specific opening angle at which the device is triggered, blocking the further movement of the lever and is effective until unlocked manually. In closers with slide lever is used spring-loaded stopper that locks the lever in the guide. When you open the door lever when it passes, it prevents the return of the lever to its original position and thereby locks the door. Need to press for closing the door to push the lever through the stopper. In floor and frame lock closers sometimes provided by a special projection on the axis. Therefore, already at the order of finishers must stipulate the possibility of fixation, since the latter equipment is impossible. Most firms offer a fixation on the 90 or 105 °. Some manufacturers also provide high-quality closers hydraulic latching in any position ranging from 70 ° (on the principle of slowing down the closing door).