Heat without light: infrared heating system a country house

Anna Bondarenko What could be nicer than the feeling of warming sunlight? Only a sense of permanent summer at home! Make it possible at any time, using infrared heating technology. Today's consumers offer a lot of options for heating homes, and the youngest of them - is infrared heating. On what principle it works, and why has become a serious competitor to other heating systems? As the sun began to lay sort out the nature of infrared rays. One of the known infrared emitters is the sun which, at a distance of many millions of miles, warms our earth. Rays of the sun, encountering along the way the surface, are absorbed by it and converted into heat energy. Thus, the propagation of infrared radiation in space is practically no energy losses. The same thing happens in the room: infrared heat, all items are within their actions, and the heat source is everything that surrounds man. In other words, to get a comfortable room temperature, the air is heated it is not necessary. The advantages of infrared heating systems include their cost, which is especially important in connection with the continued growth in electricity prices. Interestingly, if the lower the temperature of the infrared heater a few degrees, the temperature felt by a person remains the same, because the decline will be offset by "radiation" supplement. Thus it is possible to reduce energy consumption and reduce heating costs compared to traditional methods of heating. Decreasing the temperature by just 1 degree gives a 5% saving!

Save on heating systems

Heating costs are a major item of expenditure for the maintenance of a country house. Dozens of homeowners have to heat the houses autonomously, which are installed boilers of various types of fuels, heat pumps and other modern heating system. Try to understand what these systems are the most effective and economical. Boilers - Heat generators If you decide to install in your second home power generator, or, more simply, the boiler, above all, it must decide on what kind of fuel it will work. To maintain heat and hot water can burn gas, diesel fuel, coal, wood or spend electricity. All of these energy sources vary in features economical use of convenience and, of course, cost. If the house will not let natural gas, the cheapest fuel will be wood and coal, that is, you have to install solid fuel boiler. The disadvantage of this type of heating is a need for regular protopok, to the same temperature in the house periodically uncomfortable: hot after protopki and cool before the next protopkoy. But the main disadvantage - such boilers operate only with the participation of a person, as a solid fuel will have to periodically toss in a furnace. Boiler, operating on natural gas or LPG, efficient and able to work autonomously. Natural gas remains the cheapest fuel, and the unit cost of thermal energy produced by the gas installation is less than, for example, on diesel. Another important advantage - the environmental safety and a small amount of harmful emissions. Gas boiler is usually fully automatic.

Stove for a bath

About how important it is to have a good bath, according to the rules made by the oven - can not speak. However, before we talk about how to do this, we shall understand the peculiarities of the Russian bath. In the present Russian bath directly in the sauna room is not open source of fire, therefore, not burned out oxygen. Wall furnace heats and stones. They splash water buckets, and the resulting hot wet steam acts much faster and more sensitive than the dry sauna. Those who tolerate it well, do not hesitate to put on the sites Russian baths. Pairs in the Russian baths, as already mentioned, obtained by spraying with water heated stones. To heat the stones, they are placed in an oven-stove, which is used both for heating bath and for hot water. Furnace-stove must meet the following requirements: - heat the air in the steam room to a temperature of not less than 450 ° C at the floor and 950 ° C under the ceiling - to educate a couple of stones for irrigation water - do not give off smoke and gas - to be economical. Depending on how you are placing the furnace with indoor and outdoor stove. Selecting the type of heater depends on how you use the bath. Hot stove is preferable if steamed in a single day several people, as it quickly heats up the steam room, but by water and cools quickly. If you open the heater stones laid a bunch of over the firebox. In furnaces with a closed stove, stove for heat transfer, at or slightly above the top row of stones is made of steam door. The combustion of the fuel door is closed, and the smoke does not penetrate into the room.

Oil radiators

Electric oil radiators, oil radiators, or just for today are one of the most common and popular way of additional heating of apartments and offices. Such a device would be enough to fully heat the room up to 25 m2. Devices have the largest area of ??the heating element, which provides good heat transfer into the room. Unfortunately, they're pretty long reach operating temperature, but due to the fact that their body is not heated too much - up to 80-1000 ° C, oil heaters are among the most fireproof heating boiler. The main advantage of oil coolers is that they do not burn no oxygen, no dust, one way or another in the air. Well and that, in contrast to the simplest convectors, they have two or even three levels of power that allows you to adjust their heat output depending on the size of the room. Also, most modern oil coolers fitted with a thermostat, which allows you to maintain the desired temperature up to 10 ° C. This provides not only comfort but also power savings, since the device is switched on only when the temperature drops below a predetermined level. With the timer on and off, which is equipped with most models, you can, leave the radiator switched on when leaving the house even for a day. The oil heater is a device the so-called combined type, ie heat transfer is due to convection inside the oil cooler and the thermal efficiency - due to convection of air in the room and radiation heated surface of the body. It is a hermetically sealed metal container, its shape reminiscent of central heating radiators filled with mineral oil.

Electric radiators

As we know heat is one of the most costly components of engineering a country house. For low-rise, detached buildings, tend to use only self-contained heating system. There are three types of systems: - Traditionally, when a liquid coolant is heated, and then, passing along the pipeline system and radiator gives off heat for room heating - direct electric heating, when heating the room is carried out without coolant, and electrical energy is directly converted into heat - the air heating, when used as a coolant air supply after heating in a heated room for the duct system. Until recently it was considered an expensive electric heating, fire and environmental "harmful". However, progress in the field of heaters and thermostats, improving cable underfloor heating and the creation of infra-red ceiling heaters have radically changed the performance of direct electrical heating. Today it is the most environmentally friendly heating system, which has low capital costs, requires no maintenance. In this case, thanks to modern thermostats save for country houses can be more than 50%. A distinctive feature of a stationary electric heating equipment is the ability to work to maintain the desired temperature for a long time without human observation, retaining all the features for fire and environmental safety. Direct stationary electric heating can be divided into four groups: wall heaters, ceiling longwave infrared heaters, cable and film systems for heating the floor and ceiling, as well as regulating thermostats, and programmable devices.

Infrared electric heaters

Currently, long-wave infrared heaters are one of the latest achievements of science and technology in the field of heating systems directed action. These devices direct electrical heating to date have proven to be the most versatile and economical. They can be used almost everywhere, not only as a stationary main heating system, as well as for local or supplementary heating for any purpose, both household and industrial. In this case, is often achieved substantial savings not only by reducing electricity consumption, but also ease of installation of infrared heaters. In this respect they compare favorably with those of the complex and expensive central heating systems, working on traditional principles. Infrared heaters have appeared on the international market of heating systems and are widely used with the 80-ies. It should be noted that in Russia, an infrared heater in the consumer market relatively recent, but the law enjoys wide popularity. To date, its products on the Russian market heating represent both foreign and domestic manufacturers, and it should be noted that home appliances are not only not inferior to foreign analogs, but often surpass them by adapting to the Russian conditions of operation. The principle of infrared heaters is based on the absorption of thermal radiation from other bodies. In the absorption of thermal infrared any body heats up and begins to give heat to the environment. The most famous analogue infra-red heater is the sun - a powerful source of light and heat.

Stove - heat source and symbol of prosperity

Vitaly Lviv fireplace - this is the most ancient elements of the home. He began to take shape as early as the Neolithic Age as a circle of stones, "frame" for the fire, on which ancient people cooked their own food. Fireplace becomes recently very popular. Nice to ignite fire in bad weather inhabitant of modern comfortable apartment, and even better - in a comfortable "summer house" or rural living. Fireplaces are becoming increasingly popular, not only because it is a fad. They provide an opportunity to make our home cozy and personal, they will decorate it and give you an opportunity not to depend on the whims of nature or of public utilities. Modern fireplaces are not only beautiful but an excellent job of keeping heat in the house and can be useful in solving many other problems. Device Technology fireplace came to Russia from Europe and the fashion to sit by the open fire densely rooted in our soil already in the eighteenth century. In this case, calculation and installation of fireplaces, as a rule, engaged in foreign masters. Our Ivan was a good lay down the famous Russian stove - a nurse, a subtle matter to go there was no need. Therefore, the Russian tradition of "kaminologii" is still somewhat different from overseas and do not always correspond to the preparatory work in a scientifically sound requirements. There are several types of fireplaces: classic, carved fireplaces in the Art Nouveau style limestone fireplaces. Classical fireplaces peculiar bright geometric shapes, rationalistic ordering, monumental simplicity and clear harmony, restrained decor and expensive, high-quality materials carved fireplaces peculiar symmetry, harmony, strict adherence to the proportions, the game of light and shade, decoration anatomical sculptures and reliefs.

Dymovyvoditel for the roof

Vadim Alexeev stove heating system or fireplace will not work properly unless you provide them with high-quality flue. What is a chimney? At first glance - just a guileless pipe to smoke and gases from the hearth. But if you think the chimney is a complex system, which depend on the work of heating equipment and operation of the roof. Chimneys are usually divided into brick, metal, chamotte (clay), plastic and asbestos cement. Pipe brick by brick the most traditional material for chimney is brick. From his "smoky pipes" did all the construction period. And the master, who managed to raise all the rules of a brick chimney, were always held in high esteem and short supply. Even today, despite the rapid development of the market for construction services, find a professional, able to lay out the chimney of brick, is problematic. Accordingly, the services of a good stove will be expensive (which, incidentally, is compensated by cheap material). Brick chimney is usually placed as part of (continued) The design of the furnace or fireplace. Installation of chimneys of brick made building a house. If it later appears that any changes to the flue pipe dismantle and assemble again in another place. Cross section of the smoke channel is usually a multiple of the size of bricks. The walls of the chimney to spread from solid brick. Sutures are made of minimum thickness and smoothed (rubbing) inside a clay mortar. Chimneys of brick have a number of advantages. In particular, they allow you to build the furnace at any height, so the definition of the type furnace and the connection method to the construction chimney is not necessary.

Stainless steel chimneys

No doubt, in this rather harsh climate is especially important to take care of the heating system. The first thing you choose zealous owners cottages - a boiler equipment with high efficiency. However, often due to lack of information neglected chimney. And it is this part of the heating system plays a huge role and it depends on the efficient operation of the system as a whole. Chimney - it is an air channel through which combustion products are ejected. It may be a common chimney, built of brick, or modern modular metal structure for abstraction of smoke from the various modifications of boilers, fireplaces, furnaces. Most importantly, he performed his functions properly, ie provides traction, has good thermal insulation, was easy to install and use, durable, aesthetically appealing and satisfy fire safety requirements. For the chimney draft is the most important indicator, since it is responsible for the cost of the boiler or furnace. Thirst is a process of exchange of hot smoke, leaving the external environment, and the cold air coming from outside, but the thrust depends on the difference in temperature furnace and the environment. In addition, the traction force can be increased by structural features chimney, ie certain ratio of height and cross section. Another important issue is the formation of condensation on the walls of the pipe. This phenomenon is observed in virtually all types of chimneys and arises again because of the difference in temperature exhaust smoke and the walls of the flue.

Heat, spilled across the floor

There are two main types of underfloor heating: water and electric. They are united by one thing in common - a low-temperature heating (the temperature of the floor surface rarely exceed 30-32 ° C) is a very large area. Usually the whole floor area radiates heat. However, if the room you plan to install furniture or equipment that will not move, then under them warm floor is not done. The design of such floors is as follows. Initially attending clay or concrete base, then - a layer of warmth and waterproofing. Insulation laid on top of concrete screed with heat-generating elements: hot water pipe or electrical heating. Arises immediately the question: "Why so complicate things when you can just hang on the walls of the battery?". The answer - for comfort. The house where the only heating is underfloor heating, air temperature does not exceed 18-20 ° C. In the yard - minus 25 ° C, and a general feeling - total comfort. Throughout the house spreads a soft, pleasant warmth. Explanation can be found on the plot of temperature distribution depending on the height of the room. Everyone knows that under the traditional heating system (radiators and convectors) heated air rises and cools, descends. Therefore, the ceiling is hot on the floor is cool, but at the height of the head temperature is somewhere around 22-24 ° C. A different picture emerges in the room where the heat source - the floor. There is also the warm air rises. But there are significant differences: the battery temperature is high or convectors - +70 ° C, while the temperature gradient is sufficiently large, large, and the air velocity in the resulting convective flow.

Wall mounted gas and electric boilers

To warm the room by using the stove or fireplace, electric heaters, the system "warm floor". You can also apply to traditional and proven in practice by individual hydraulic systems, heating systems, which are based on the boiler. Properly designed boiler will provide enough heat even when severe frosts, and in transitional periods of the year can reduce power to an optimal value. Power - the most important characteristic of any boiler required to heat (usually specified in kilowatts), the exact calculation, which can be fulfilled only engineer heating engineer. However, there is tentative, the available non-specialist ratio: 10 m2 for heating a well insulated room with a ceiling height of 3 m required about 1 kW of power. For example, for heating the cottage area of ??250 m2 will need a boiler capacity of 25 kW. Depending on the energy consumption, there are several types of boilers: gas, liquid fuel, solid fuel, electric. In this paper we consider the gas and electric wall hung boilers. Such boilers in heating systems have appeared recently, but have already gained great popularity. Typically, this type of equipment called a "mini-boiler." This term is not used by accident, because in a small package is not only a burner, heat exchanger and a control unit, but, in most models, one or two of the circulation pump, expansion tank, pressure gauge, thermometer, a system that provides safe operation of the boiler, and many others elements without which it can not do work a normal boiler.

SNIP 3.05.01-85 Internal sanitary systems

Underfloor heating in cold winter

Vitaly Lvov from all types of heating floor heating provides the most beneficial impact on human health. This principle of heating was first used back in the V century BC the construction of Roman baths. But the use of cable heating systems and heating systems is relevant not only for the premises. System "warm floor" known almost as much as there is heating at all. One of the first mentions concerns of warm floors in the ancient Roman term (baths), where the heated air is passed through special channels in the stone floor. There were warm floors of similar design and Turkish baths, and there they were required attribute. Thus, humanity is already more than two thousand years (according to other reports, five) appreciates the remarkable comfort, which are systems like "hot sex". However, until the early twentieth century coolant is extremely hot air, which is under the influence of natural draft passed through the floor, gradually giving its heat to the granite slabs. In the early twentieth century with the advent of pump appeared heated floors with heated water. And finally, from the middle of the century with the advent of relatively cheap and affordable energy system began to spread with the use of heating cables. Particularly, they were widely distributed in the last 10-15 years. Should indicate the zone most of the spread of warm floors. Today it is the Nordic countries - Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, where a large proportion of heating of buildings accounts for the system "warm floor".

SNIP 2.04.05-91 * Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

Thinking about choosing a heating system?

Vitaly Lviv's hard to imagine a comfortable and cozy home or office without a good heating system. The most popular type of heating is today considered the water heating system. One of the most important and expensive component engineering is heating. With regard to other engineering systems, water supply - artesian well, a submersible pump and storage tank (receiver) with automatic control system - accounts for about 20% of the total cost of engineering systems, and the pipe layout hot and cold water takes about 10% without costs of water treatment due to its low quality, which predominates in aquifers, Moscow Region. The cost of the sewerage system, including the exterior walls, septic tank, which must be periodically emptied, is 20%. The choice of an autonomous heating system is influenced by many factors: the availability of a specific type of fuel economy, full automatic control, the use of other fuels and the cost of purchase and installation of heating system. It is important to know that a good indicator of the heating system is the system's ability to maintain a comfortable temperature in the house when coolant temperature is so low as possible, thus the cost of operation of the heating system is minimized. All heating systems, using the coolant can be divided into: a heating system with natural circulation (gravity system), ie movement of fluid within a closed system is due to the weight difference of the hot coolant delivery pipe (the vertical riser of a large diameter) and cold - after cooling in the devices and return pipe, the heating system with forced circulation is based on the action of the pump, which causes the coolant to move, overcoming resistance tubes.

Better heating for the cottage

Intensive construction of country houses and cottages, the use of new advanced materials, increasing comfort being built outside the main cities of the private sector requires constant introduction of new technologies and modern engineering. One of the most important and expensive elements of engineering is heating. On the rational choice of heating system is influenced by many factors: the availability of a particular fuel, environmental, engineering and architectural solutions, the volume of the object under construction, financial opportunities and much more. Not being an expert in the field of heating, it is very difficult to assess all aspects and problems of selection, installation and operation of one or another form of heating, given that the market for equipment and materials for this very wide and varied. In addition, the world's achievements in the field of heating became available for domestic consumers, and information on their comparative features and capabilities are usually absent. Last time around the world has seen a steady shift from centralized heating systems to autonomous, which provide a warm concrete apartment, a group of apartments, a separate building. Among the autonomous heating systems has gained a new quality and widely used direct-patient electric heating (PEO), which converts electric energy into heat without any intermediate heat. In this article we will discuss the economic aspects of using direct electrical heating of a stationary compared to the traditional coolant, part of capital costs.

SNIP 42-01-2002 Gas distribution systems

Russian Federation State Committee for Construction, Housing and Municipal Economy (GOSSTROY RUSSIA) The system of normative documents in construction of the Building Regulations RUSSIAN FEDERATION GAS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM SNIP 42-01-2002 GAS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS Effective date 07.01.2003 Moscow 2003 UDC 69 +696.2 (083.74) Keywords: gas distribution system, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, fuel and domestic gas pipelines, performance, safety PREFACE 1 designed by a team of leading specialists of UGiproNIIgazF, Inc. UMosgazNIIproektF, Inc. UNadezhnostF, Inc. URosgazifikatsiyaF, Inc. UZapsibgazpromF , Inc. UVNIISTF, Gosgortekhnadzor Russia, Russian State Construction Committee and a number of farms in Russia gas distribution company, in coordination UPolimergazF 2 introduced by the Office of standardization, technical regulation and certification of State Construction Committee of Russia 3 adopted and put into effect on July 1, 2003 decision of State Construction Committee of Russia from December 23, 2002 № 163 4 instead of the SNIP 2.04.08-87 * and SNIP 3.05.02-88 * INTRODUCTION The present building codes contain technical specifications required for the design and construction of new and upgraded distribution systems designed to safeguard the natural and liquefied petroleum gas consumers use natural gas as fuel, as well as domestic gas, and establishes requirements for safety and performance. In accordance with SNIP 1.10 main features of these regulations are: the priority of requirements aimed at ensuring reliable and safe operation of gas distribution systems, protection of legally protected rights and interests of consumers of building products by regulating the performance of gas distribution systems, expanding opportunities for application of modern, efficient technologies , new materials and equipment for the construction of new and reconstruction of worn-out gas distribution systems and harmonization with international regulations.

SNIP 41-01-2003 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

Warm floors. Technology and features

Elena Novikova Warm floors can not only sit and lie down without fear of catching cold. Today, heated floors are perceived by consumers as a completely accessible way of additional heating homes. In addition, warm floors can be used as the main heating system, which has certain advantages over conventional radiator panels. From the history of warm floors must say that the heated floors have long been known to mankind, namely, since the Roman Empire - the stone floors in the Roman baths was heated by hot air, which was fed on special channels. A similar system existed in the Turkish baths. The air was the only coolant system of floor heating to the early twentieth century when the invention of pumps allowed to warm up the floors with water. And finally, with the advent of relatively cheap and affordable electricity in the middle of last century, invented a system of heating cables that have received widespread especially in the last 10-15 years - in Scandinavia, with its mild winters, as well as in countries with warm climates (Spain, France , Latin America). In Russia, some 15 years ago the system "warm floor" was completely unknown. Today, the apartment can not be considered an elite, if it does not have a warm floor in the bathroom or kitchen, and even in all rooms. It is worth noting that in our harsh weather conditions such floor sometimes is simply irreplaceable. And as the primary source of heat until the utilities are taking measures in connection with the unexpected arrival of winter, and as additional heating during the severe frosts.

GOST 8690-94 cast iron heating radiators