Types of stairs is not too much, but still choose to eat from what. And if you live in the original construction, then we can come up with something very own. Importantly - to consider at least the basic recommended settings for their own as security. Optimal slope stairs - up to 45 degrees, this is the case when less is more. Width of the stair well to meet the 45-th the size of the legs (not less than 28-30 cm) so as not to fall down on the way down. If a strong increase of this size you'll get mixed up with the inevitable step, and with a strong decrease in loss to descend. Riser (or risers podstupennika, whichever you prefer) should be no more than 20 cm if the home has small children, be sure to arrange fencing (railings, pillars, balusters). And if you do not have children, barriers must be present and strong. Balusters set in increments of a maximum of 15 cm (it is the distance between their central points), with their thickness of less than 5 cm is reasonable to put the two balusters on the stairs, a kind of fence will not allow even a child's head stick. With a width of stairways more than 110 cm is desirable to make additional fencing along the wall, using the so-called Wall handrail. Another important detail - the material of which make a ladder. The first occurred when the word 'ladder' Association (at least for me) - the creaking and squeaking, as we know, a tree. Although nowadays there are many ways to relieve all sorts of wood floors and stairs from scratches that occurred Association persistently leaves no imagination there are no other options. Metal (he still should not be susceptible to corrosion), marble and granite - products are very good (and very expensive), but unfortunately, the cold, and winter in our middle lane you know what it is. The tree also cheaper. True, it has not tolerate changes in temperature and humidity, it is therefore not recommended to put the expensive wooden staircase in unheated rooms (summer cottages, for example). In this case it is best to use pine, the wood although milder, but more democratic is to damage. For houses and multi-level apartment makes sense to choose oak, beech and larch. The latter two are much cheaper oak, but the operation is not worse. As for humidity, there are special paints, leading to moisture and even the implacable struggle triumphed (important - do not save them). Spraying and toning steps needed to carry out vehicles having a maximum resistance to wear. Keep in mind that the darker the color tinting in relation to the natural color of wood, the less practical to cover. Defects arising in the process of using (dents from sharp heels, sand shoes, etc.), the dark tone manifest faster and brighter. If we talk about aesthetic preferences, it is a tree because of its pliability of all kinds of processing, can capture on traits of any era, and combined with everything - from glass to concrete. You can use different materials for load-bearing and decorative designs. So, to sum up: The basic requirements for the stairs, as a functional element: Maximum comfort and reliability, convenient and safe approach for recovery and for the descent, comfortable and safe positioning of handrails, corresponds to the width and height of the steps easy step length and comfortable instep; Good lighting. Width of the stairway width of the stairway Functional capacity is determined by the staircase, ie number of people passing through a march at a time. For the passage of one person rather 0,6-0,7 m width intra stairs must be at least 0,9-1,0 m, and in the homes of luxury - 1,25-1,5 m. The garden houses permitted width march 0,7-0,8 m. In spiral staircases distance from the central pole must be at least 1,1 m. At a distance of 1,5 m step width must be less than 100 mm. The relative magnitude of lifting the march to determine the size ladder, you must install it on the site plan and floor height, choose a scheme stairs and sizes of steps. Typically, the angle of ascent flight of stairs is 30 to 45 degrees. Ease of use ladders and the associated security assurance depends mainly on the relative rise of the march (elevation angle). Angle of elevation of the march can be set, knowing the location of the ladder in terms of height and space. Practice found that a convenient and safe ladder would be if the doubled height of risers, folded with the width of the step (tread), equal to the average human step. The length of the pitch man on the plane is about 62-64 cm, comfortable instep 30-32, see Based on this, determined tread: 2 A + B = 64 or A + B = 47 cm, where A - riser, B - width tread. Most convenient for the staircase with step height from 140 to 170 mm and a width of the tread from 340 to 370 mm. Step height must not exceed 200 mm and not less than 120 mm. Step edge (ledge) should be the order of 20-40 mm. The higher the level, the narrower the tread should be and vice versa. However, the step width should be at least equal to its height. The middle line of the march middle line of the march - an imaginary line, which marches straight passes in the middle of the width of the march, and in curved stairs - at a distance of 40-50 cm from the edge of flight, for spiral staircases - the axis of central support. Tread stages of the march have a curved wedge shape at the corners, and the narrow side of the tread shall be not less than 140 cm climbing the curved staircase, a man often deviates from the center line. To avoid such inconvenience, a ladder design with dispersed steps with a constant change of their width along the entire length of the march. Clearance Clearance in the world - the minimum vertical distance between the upper edge of the tread and the bottom edge of the upstream structural member shall not less than 1900-2000 mm. As you ascend the ladder of this size should be maintained. Spiral staircases. Types of spiral staircases Spiral staircases most decorative and economical area. Structurally, spiral staircases are divided into several types: first type - spiral staircase with no internal supporting pillars. The second type is a spiral staircase, consisting of a simple wedge-shaped steps, which are based on the wide end walls, and narrow - on average supporting pillars. The third type is a spiral staircase from the inner and outer support rods own fence, instead of peremitralnyh walls. In individual housing is most common third type, since such a construction allows for precise assembly and simultaneously provide stability throughout the system. Calculation of the installation steps in the spiral stairs by turning the steps around the axis at 22-23 degrees throughout the height of counters in the light lift up.
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