Classification of air conditioning systems (ACS)

What is air conditioning Air-conditioning - is the creation and automatic maintenance (regulation) in enclosed spaces or all of the individual parameters (temperature, humidity, cleanliness, speed of movement) of air at a certain level in order to ensure optimal meteorological conditions most conducive to human well-being or management process. Air-conditioning is carried out of the hardware, called the air conditioning system (ACS). The composition of SLE include hardware air intake, preparation, that is to give the necessary conditions "(filters, heat exchangers, humidifiers or dehumidifiers), movement (fans) eo and distribution, as well as means refrigerant and heat supply, automation, remote monitoring and control. SLE large public, office and industrial buildings are served, as a rule, complex automated control systems. Automatic air-conditioning system maintains a given state of the air in the room regardless of the oscillation parameters the environment (weather conditions). The main equipment for the preparation of air-conditioning system and air movement is aggregated (composed into a single package) into the machine, called the air-conditioning. In many cases, all the technical means for air conditioning are arranged in one block or two blocks, and then the concept of SLE "and" conditioner "ambiguous. Signs of the classification of air conditioning before you go to the classification of air conditioning systems, it should be noted that the standard classification of SLE is still not there, and it is connected the multiple concepts, technical and functional characteristics that depend not only on technical capabilities of the systems themselves, but also the object of application (air-conditioned rooms). Modern air conditioning systems can be classified in the following characters: the main purpose (object application): comfortable technology on the basis of the location of the air conditioner in relation to serviced premises: central to the local presence of own (included with air-conditioning) the source of heat and cold: the number of autonomous non-autonomous serviced areas (local areas): odnozonalnye multi-zone on the principle of operation: inlet recirculation combined by the method of regulating the output parameters of conditioned air: a qualitative (single tube) with a quantitative (twin-) regulation the degree of support of meteorological conditions in the served premises: first, second and third classes of pressure developed by fans, air conditioners: low, medium and high pressure. In addition to the above classifications, there are a variety of air-conditioning system serving the special technological processes, including systems with varying time ( a given program) meteorologicheskimim parameters. Comfortable SLE Comfortable air-conditioning systems are designed to create and automatically maintain the temperature, relative humidity, cleanliness and speed of air movement corresponding to the optimal health and hygiene requirements for residential, public, administrative and residential buildings or offices. SCR Technology technological air-conditioning systems are designed to provide the parameters of air, to the maximum extent meet the requirements of production. Technological conditioning in rooms where there are people, shall take into account the sanitary requirements of air pollution. The central fragment of SLE central air conditioner are supplied from outside the cold (cold water delivered or refrigerant), heat (which provide hot water, steam or electricity) and electricity to drive the fan motors, pumps and other central air conditioning system located outside the conditioned space and serviced one large room, several areas of the premises or lots of separate rooms. Sometimes some central air conditioners serve one large room (manufacturing facility, auditorium, indoor stadium or rink). CENTRAL SCR equipped with central air-conditioned non-autonomous, which are made on the basic (standard) layout of equipment and their modifications. The central air conditioning system has the following advantages: opportunity to effectively maintain the desired temperature and relative humidity in the room. Concentration of equipment requiring a systematic maintenance and repair, usually in one place (the back room, a technical floor, etc.) capabilities to ensure effective noise and vibrogasheniya. With the help of the central SLE with proper acoustic treatment of the duct device, silencers, and vibration damper can achieve the lowest noise levels in rooms, and maintain such facilities as a radio and television studios, etc. In spite of several advantages of central SLE, it should be noted that the large size and conduct complex assembly and construction work to install air conditioners, installation of ductwork and piping often lead to impossibility of using these systems in existing buildings renovated. Local SLE Local air conditioning systems are developed based on autonomous and nonautonomous air conditioners, which are placed directly in the serviced areas. The advantage of local FCC is the ease of installation and assembly. Such a system can be used in a large number of cases: In the existing residential and office buildings for the maintenance of the thermal microclimate in a separate office premises or in the living rooms in newly constructed buildings to individual rooms, the mode of consumption of cold in which sharply differs from that regime in most other areas, such as servers and other heat-generating appliances saturated rooms of office buildings. Fresh air supply and removal of exhaust air while running, as a rule, central supply and exhaust ventilation in newly constructed buildings, if you maintain optimum thermal conditions required in a small number of premises, for example, in a limited number of suites small hotel in the large rooms of both existing and newly constructed buildings: cafes and restaurants, shops, design rooms, classrooms, etc. Self-SLE Autonomous air-conditioning systems are supplied from the outside only electrical energy, such as air conditioners split systems, cabinet-type air-conditioners and air conditioning, etc. These have built-in compression refrigeration machines running, usually on the Freon-22. Stand-alone system is cooled and dried air, to which the fan blows air through the recirculating surface coolers, which are the evaporators of refrigerating machines and, in transition or the winter they can produce heating of air by using electric heaters or by reversing the refrigeration machine in a cycle of so-called "heat pump". The most simple option, representing the decentralized provision of indoor thermal conditions, we can assume the use of air conditioners split systems. Nonautonomous SLE Nonautonomous air conditioning systems are classified as: air, using which attended room served only air. (mini-central air conditioners, central air conditioners), air / water, the use of which served in the room air supply and water carrying hot or cold, or both together (system chiller-fan coil units, central air conditioners with local closers, etc.) Odnozonalnye central SLE Odnozonalnye central air conditioning systems are used to serve large areas with relatively uniform distribution of heat and vlagovydeleny, For example, large cinema halls, auditoriums, etc. These SLE, usually with the unit for heat recovery (heat exchanger) or a mixing chamber for use in areas serviced by the air recirculation. multi-zone central SLE multi-zone central air conditioning system is used for the maintenance of large facilities in which the equipment is placed unevenly, and to serve a number of relatively small areas. Such systems are more efficient than separate systems for each area or each room. However, they can not be achieved the same degree of accuracy maintain one or two specified parameters ( humidity and temperature) as standalone SCR (air conditioning split systems, etc.) Direct-flow SLE Direct-flow air conditioning system is fully working in outdoor air, which is handled in the air conditioner, and then served in the room. Recirculating SLE Recirculating air conditioning system, working without inflow or partial feeding (40%) of fresh outdoor air or return air (60 to 100%), which is taken from the premises and after treatment in the air conditioner again served in the same room. Classification of air conditioning on the principle of action for direct-flow and recirculation is caused mainly by the requirements of the comfort conditions of the technological process of production or technical ekonomicheskimim considerations. SLE with quality control central air conditioning system with quality control of meteorological parameters represent a wide range of common, so-called single-channel systems in which all treated with air at given condition comes from the air conditioner on one channel and goes further in one or more rooms. At the same time control signal from the thermostat installed in the premises served, goes directly to the central air conditioning. SLE with quantitative control air conditioning systems with quantitative regulation serves to one or more rooms cool or heated air through two parallel channels. The temperature in each room controlled room thermostat, impact on local taps (air valves), which alter the ratio of spending a cold and heated air supplied to the mixture. Two-channel systems are used very rarely because of regulatory complexity, while having some advantages, in particular, the lack of serviced areas of heat exchangers, heat pipe cooling agent, the opportunity to work with a heating system, which is especially important for existing buildings, the heating device in which two-channel systems can be saved. drawback of such systems are higher costs for thermal insulation of parallel ducts that supplied to each serviced room. Two-channel systems as well as single-channel, may be once-through and recirculation. The degree to ensure the meteorological conditions of air conditioning, according to the SNIP 2.04.05-91, the degree to which meteorological conditions, is divided into three classes: First class - provides for the required process parameters in accordance with the regulations. The second class - ensures optimum hygiene standards or the required technological standards. Third class - provides the permissible limits, if they can not be provided ventilation in the warm season without the use of artificial cooling. Spin-fan pressure by pressure created by fans, central air conditioners, air conditioning systems are divided into a system of low pressure (up to 100 kg / sq.m.) average pressure (from 100 to 300 kg / sq . m) high pressure (above 300 kg / sq.m.).