Device partitions

Partitions - it is easy wall separating the inner space of the building into separate rooms. Mezhkvartirnye partitions should be at least 20 cm, interior - at least 5-10 cm Arrange them in a strong nonflammable materials with low heat and sound conductivity. Desirable to use local materials. Unlike capital partition walls do not rely on foundations and on beams (joists), but in any case not on the floor, binder, or roll forward. Partitions must not have cracks, cavities, leaking heat, sounds and smells of all sorts, where they could settle a variety of insects and rodents. Surface of any finished walls must be smooth and easily cleaned. In order to fire safety combustible and fireproof partitions, typically plaster, as a purely made only shpatlyuyut. Wooden partition in front gasket drann halt matting or felt poorly conducting heat and sound. Instead of wet plaster is now mainly used plasterboard (sheetrock). They can stick to the mastic or nailed. Sheetrock higher fire risks. Partitions made of a variety of materials: wood, brick, plaster and concrete slabs, etc. Given the sediment of the building, the newly aligned homes leave a gap between the partition and the ceiling is 10 cm Since built up at home, especially chopped, for the first time, give greater sediment (10 cm or more) walls is recommended to arrange after total precipitation at home, after konopatki a year or two. But in this case, the sediment should leave a gap in the partitions not less than 1 cm Structural barriers are many, here we consider some of them. Wood for the manufacture of partitions must be dry, so it fails to start house-fungus dangerous pest and destroyer of wood. You can use the wood of low grades. Single-plank walls under the plaster (Fig. 19) are easy to manufacture. They consist of a vertically mounted boards 5 cm thick, cohesive right next to each other. Their downside should be in the groove of bars and rely on the beam, or lag, and the top - be in the groove of triangular bars that are attached to the ceiling with long nails. Produce a partition so. First on the wall with a plumb-line are strictly vertical lines, which beat off the line on the ceiling and the floor. The floor joists are placed at the waist (groundsel), which nailed two square or rectangular bar, forming a groove, equal to the thickness of the boards. The ceiling nailed a triangular block, inserted into the bottom groove boards, running out of the wall and nailed to the upper bar. Thus, all the boards nailed walls. Their length should be less than the distance from the ceiling to the groove on the sleepers to 1 cm then the groove between the planks and the ceiling filled with oakum and seal it well. Tow can impregnate gypsum paste or resin (sap), and only then nailed to the ceiling of the second triangular bar, pressing them to the board. In a plastered partitions boards should be associated with thorns, laid down vertically through 140 cm from each other. Put them in a checkerboard pattern. To avoid warping board to the production or after it imposes duty with the installation of wedges in the divisions (rasklinka gaps). Partitions, plaster, stucco applied to a thickness of not less than 2 cm before stuffing drann surface partitioning halt matting or felt better, and in their absence - glassine. Double planked walls under the plaster. Initially, put the rack so that between them and the ceiling was a necessary gap. Stand firmly secured between the rails and sheathe them from two sides with boards - the board thickness of 20 - 25 mm. The walls stand nailed, and then plaster. Framed partitions with backfilling (Fig. 20) consists of a rack, lower and upper horizontal strapping and sheathing planks. For rigidity and structural strength stands at a distance have 0,8-1 m from one another. First, stand clapboard on the one hand from the floor to ceiling. Although the board used the narrow, yet their nadkalyvayut. Plating the second side are hook height of no more than 1 meter to perform each jaw, make it filling; latest jaw do not lead to a ceiling of 20 cm (through the sinus produce backfill). After this inciting tattered first wall partitions, and then the second to the sinuses. From shocks backfill settles, its complement, and his shirt close up gipsoshlakovym solution (1 part gypsum and 3-4 hours, slag, and water on demand). Bosom close boarded up and stuffed drann. Needed for filling the slag is not larger than 2.5 cm Frame-Facing wall of plasterboard sheets with filling. Rack frame installed in the same way as for the previous type, but with the distance between them is 0.5 m. Next, the sheathing boards. The space between the plates is filled gipsoshlakobetonom (1 hour and 4 hours of gypsum and slag particle size less than 2,5 cm). Since the slag is almost always wet, then when mixed with a mixture of gypsum with humidity of 15-25% without adding water. (If the ash is dry, add water.) After one day, humidity is reduced to 7-12%, and after two or three days the mixture becomes almost dry. Gipsoshlakobeton in the future remains a monolithic mass, and decreases in volume and does not rain. Panel walls are prefabricated and do not require production of long materials. Panels can be produced from the boards of various lengths and thicknesses, but it is most convenient thickness 19, 25 and 40 mm. Shields come in two-and three-layer. To improve heat and sound insulation between the layers of boards can be laid asphalt, dense cardboard, roofing felt. Double-layer boards (Fig. 21) are made of two rows of boards with thickness of 25 or 40 mm. Boards in the billboards put vertically, bonding them with nails and stacking so that the seams were closed, and the sides have formed a quarter of not less than 25 mm. (Quarters are needed for a more solid and lasting connections between the boards is the assembly of these partitions.) Width shields 0,5-0,6 m, length up to 1,5 m. In assembling panels put in camps were organized in the grooves on the floor and ceiling . After installing the walls of plaster on both sides. Three-layer boards are made of three rows of 19-25 mm thick boards. Boards are also placed vertically and be sure to ligation of the sutures. In the middle are placed over thin boards, on the edges - the thicker, with an average board can be set and horizontally. Glassine paper, cardboard, roofing felt laid in two layers. Apply the plaster on both sides with lime or lime-gypsum mortar (see Chap. 6 "Plastering work"). Joiner septum (Fig. 22) are separate boards of different widths and heights, depending on destination. Most often, they look like door leaves. Partitioning of these boards are used for the separation of space between them does not require a special sound or heat insulation. These partitions can be brought to the ceiling or to miss him at 30-50 cm and more. Such partitions can be mounted directly on the floor. Places jointing boards closed layouts of different widths with smooth or curly shaving. Waistrail may be from separate strips or wide boards with selected slots, and the top - to be fixed between the walls. If the wall is long, preferably between the individual boards to put racks and secured top and bottom trim. Rack and top rail shut layouts. Partitions can be arranged to and from different plates: plaster, light concrete, fibrolitovyh etc. Typically, these plates are manufactured in the factory. Often they are so smooth that they can be after installing wallpaper. Sometimes they have extra putty, and particularly uneven surfaces - grout. In small rooms walls of the plates are collected without the device framework. Plaster and light concrete hollow core slabs can be manufactured at home on their own. Gypsum hollow plates are three-and pyatipustotnye (Fig. 23): The first manufactured length 762, width 305 and 100 mm, while the latter - of length 800, width 400 and 100 mm thick. Holes in the plates, ie, voids in the factory doing diameter 64 mm, with home-made they may be less. Plate set on a thick board or lumber the same width as the plate. Gypsum board mounted on gipsopeschanom solution of 1:0,5 or 1:1. Edge of the plate makes either a smooth or with grooves or with grooves and ridges. Ridges and grooves must be fulfilled so that the gap between them was a depth of not less than 5 mm for the laying of the solution. For the casting of slabs required gipsoshlakovaya mixture of 1:4 (slag particle size less than 2,5 cm) and water. Slab mold, ie, collapsible boxes without a bottom. In two opposite walls of the form must be on 3-5 holes, which are inserted rods to form voids in the plates. Rods - round metal or plastic pipes, rubber, etc. To form can be easily removed from the molded plates, and rods are extracted from it, they recommended to cover the grease: lubricating oil, grease, oil, or worse, soapy water. To give them strength slabs are reinforced with wooden splinter (lath), putting them back and forth into the thick slabs. Gipsoshlakovuyu mixture is well mixed and only after that shuts water until polugustoy mass, which is poured into the form. Then stack valve (the surface should be level with the form), and smooth down or overwritten. After setting gypsum first take out the rods, and then raspalublivayut (dismantle) the form and release the plate, setting it to dry. Light concrete slabs are manufactured the same way, just kept them for a longer time in the forms. Partitioning of the plates is recommended to arrange the buildings of brick, stone and concrete. Between a plate staple solution and attach to the walls driven into the wall with nails, pins, ershami for which the pre-drilled holes or prodalblivayut. In these holes pierce wooden plugs and fasteners in them, followed by greasing gypsum. Very well to punch a shallow indent, which will include gypsum board or only solution to more rigidly fix them. To increase the strength of walls in two series of plates in the grooves or stitches (horizontal) can be stacked 4-5-millimeter steel bars. In addition to the materials for the device partitions used brick, slab "trim." Suit also cast partitions gipsoshlakovoy or cement mix. Inside these walls for rigidity set fixtures. Mixture is prepared such portions, which can quickly be packed in a case before the seizure. One side of the casing is completely installed, the second - hook. If the casting requires a good seal mass, to avoid voids. All defects such partitions correct after stripping.