Functional plane

To get started is to define the notion of "flat roof". In this case, the flat does not mean smooth. The design of this type requires a slope (slope) ranged from 2 to 12 °. If this figure is higher, the roof is called the slope. Deviations necessary to provide for rapid removal of moisture from the surface of the roof membrane. Depending on the design and type of materials used and exploited distinguish nonequivalent spluatiruemye roof. The first of these are not designed for constant load (displacement, the installation of any "weighty" equipment). The latter are designed for heavy use and are resistant to any mechanical stress. In turn, operated by a roof divided into several types of functional purpose. So, it can be covered with limited use (gravel backfill), coverage for intensive use (or ceramic paving tiles, granite, etc.), as well greened roof placed on it with the greenhouses, greenhouses, flower beds or lined with grassy carpet on the perimeter. Usually operated in the regeneration of the roof use a combination of options, such as beds and playground for recreation. Operated by a roof could be attic and bescherdachnymi (combined). When the attic version (with heat-insulated podkrovel-nym floor) insulation, waterproofing and protective layers stacked on the floor slab above the attic. The advantage in this case is the ability to monitor the status of surface and drainage systems (for a landscaped roof). As exploited and neeksplu-atiruemye roof can have two basic designs, the main difference lies in the location where heat-insulating material. A decade ago, Russia used a single method of arrangement of the roof "pie" (the classical or traditional), when the upper protective layer served as a waterproofing coating of bituminous surfaced or mastic materials. That's it accounted for a greater burden due to climatic factors and mechanical stress. This fact dramatically reduces the life of the roof, as its waterproofing layer practically did not give a partial restoration. Where was reliable inversion (from Lat. Inversio - rolling over, a permutation) the design of the roof, in which a layer of waterproofing is at the bottom - under the insulation. This will prevent damage conformal coating, and as a consequence of unwanted leaks. Furnishing of stripping the roof must select a heater that has minimal water absorption, since it is located above the waterproofing, and therefore assumes the main burden for heavy rainfall. These moisture-resistant material is polystyrene. But its main shortcoming, as well as other organic insulators is flammability (application temperature - no more than 60-70 ° C). Keep in mind that the repair of stripping the roof there a lot of inconveniences related to the identification of places of leaks waterproof mat. After all, in order to make the necessary diagnosis paintings need to open the upper layers of the roof structure. The cornerstone of main difficulties in installing roofing arise when working in the winter and off-season. Challenge is posed by elevated levels of humidity and precipitation, as well as low ambient temperature, since most roofing materials are not intended for use at a temperature below 5 ° C. First of all, it is concrete, of which cast the overlap, forming the basis for the installation of roof "pie". They are absorbent, and even with artificial drying to remove it completely from the entire thickness of plate is virtually impossible. In this case, sometimes using special antifreeze additive. As a basis for resettlement as stripping and roof in addition to the classical concrete ties can serve as gofrolist or wooden beams. Base material is a determining factor when choosing a heat insulating material, its thickness and number of layers. This may be one-or two-layer coating. Vapor barrier in the traditional (classical) on top of a solid foundation laid vapor barrier layer is required in order to cut the insulation steam coming out of the house. The less moisture in the insulation, the lower its thermal conductivity and the more secure it retains heat. In addition, in some designs the excess steam can cause swelling of roofing, roofing and carpet will bubble. Prevent such a nuisance device helps a vapor barrier. This typically use polymer (polyethylene, polypropylene), bitumen or bitumen-but-polymeric materials. In the Russian market the most widely represented cover Delta (Germany), Utafol (Czech Republic), Tyvek (France), Strotex (Poland), Fibrotek and IZOSPAN "(Russia). Vapor barrier may be self-adhesive or surfaced, creating a reliable barrier to water vapor. Materials are characterized by low water vapor permeability, high tensile strength. Particular attention during their installation should be given fastening panels and joint sealing at the joints, since these are the most vulnerable places. And therefore the quality vapor barrier is determined by including the integrity of bond areas canvases. When attaching a vapor barrier to vertical surfaces should start its higher level of insulation to completely eliminate it from getting a couple. In the inverted roof construction necessary facilities for a vapor barrier is completely absent, as on the base (concrete slabs, gofrolist, timber, etc.) immediately laid waterproofing carpet rolled out surfaced materials, and insulation on top of it. Sometimes the heat insulating layer is fixed ballast manner in which the coating is pressed against the roof of the backfilling of gravel, crushed stone or gravel. And first on the heater should lay a filter material, such as geotextiles, and after falling asleep granular fraction (16-32 mm). It reliably protects the insulation of floating, UV rays and wind. Operated on the roof of the role that protection played topcoat - asphalt, tiling, wood flooring, grass, etc. In the classical thermal insulation on the roof of the correlation vapor barrier material (mineral wool, fiberglass, foam polystyrene plates). It can consist of one or more layers depending on the desired thickness for the calculation of thermo-insulation. The key requirements kteploizolyatsii are fire safety, low thermal conductivity, low water absorption, good water vapor permeability and durability. For operated roofing one of the most important indicators of the strength of insulation was listed in compression, in other words, its ability to withstand, without fracture and deformation different loads. European standards provide compressive strength (at 10% strain), thermal insulation material 60 kPa or more. Not every mineral wool or fiberglass plate has the strength and, hence, in order that it could be grounds for a waterproofing coating to the application of specific design solutions. One of them - a device screed on insulation, which distributes the load on him and plays the role of a rigid framework for waterproofing. To that end, use the team and the so-called wet screed. In the first case are two layers of asbestos-GOVERNMENTAL or cement-bonded boards in the second - a cement-sand screed reinforced. Ready ties form a smooth base, facilitating the process further laying surfaced waterproof coatings. However, at the same time they are considerably heavier roof construction, as well as increase the time of its installation and costs. The advantage of the cement-but-sandy-reinforced ties to team is cheapness. However, the technology of its application has a significant disadvantage - namely, the use of water. After pouring the cement-sand mixture, water, a part of it, may dampen the insulation underneath it. To avoid this, between the clamp and insulation suit tight separation layer (eg, kraft paper). Moreover, the "wet screed needs additional time (usually between 1 and 0 to 28 days), drying, in which she must obtain the required strength. Fusing materials in wet (wet) cement-sand screed is fraught with the appearance on the surface of bubbles, which significantly shorten the life of roofing. The special features include installation of roof insulation is that insulation boards are laid on the principle of "seams vrazbezhku. When performing a two-layer coating in a checkerboard pattern should go and the joints of the upper and lower plates. For the device insulation used mechanical (self-tapping screws), glue or ballast means attachment. Roofing materials as the outer protective layer for both classical and for the stripping of the roof so far used three main types of materials: roller (bituminous, bituminous-polymer), mastic and membrane waterproofing coating. And we will begin, perhaps, from the simplest of them - and surfaced roofing mastic. Mastic - a liquid-viscous homogeneous mass, forming after laying smooth monolithic finish. Depending on the composition of the mastic are bitumen, bitumen-polymer or polymer. In addition, they may include solvents, fillers and various additives. The advantages of the mastic roofs are the elasticity and moisture resistance, maintainability, and relatively low cost. The disadvantage - poor mechanical strength. To improve the strength characteristics of cements used additional reinforcement of glass canvas or fiberglass. However, the elasticity of the reinforced layer is significantly reduced. Fusing mastic coating, because of its "softness", suitable only for structures unexploited roof. The next type of roofing - is rolled materials. They are classified according to leaf structure (core, groundless), type of foundation (cardboard, asbestos, glass fibers, polymer fibers, combined), mean component of the coating composition (asphalt, bitumen-polymer in kind, polymer) and form a protective layer (loading, foil, film). By the "evils" of bitumen roll materials on a cardboard base, such as roofing felt, "Rubemast, are low frost, rotting, small life (up to 5 years), lack of heat resistance, Non-Repair. In addition, they are not resistant to temperature extremes, UV and moisture. All these "troubles" are much better tolerated bi-tumno-polymer materials, and therefore last longer (5 to 25 years). The advantage of roll coatings is that they create an insulating sing is necessary to ensure the thickness and not afraid of sharp temperature fluctuations. Their drawback - a large number of joints (nahlestav) during installation. Not differ in these materials and endurance as well as vulnerable to mechanical stress. Therefore, for use in structures operated roofs give them additional strength through the introduction of the expanded clay additives in the production stage. By way of fixing roller materials can be surfaced and self-adhesive. The most common rolled materials are polymer-bitumen roof fusing (Technoelast "," Unifleks "," Fili-evils "). This is a waterproofing coating on synthetic base with printed on both sides of the modified bitumen. To fit them use special gas burners. Using open fire when laying, flammability and Paron-permeability are the main shortcomings of these materials. Also in operation is very difficult to determine the location of leaks, since this would show almost the entire roofing rug. Causes some difficulties and sealing joints. Increasingly popular in the Russian market gaining membrane roof. Flexible (elongation 300%), strong and durable (40-60 years), resistant to moisture and temperature extremes, they are indispensable in the regeneration of the exploited roofs. The benefits of these coatings is their high Moro-band and fire resistance. Depending on the polymer base material blade roofing membrane can be divided into three types - EP DM (synthetic rubber, for example Prelasti), PVC (polyvinyl chloride flexible - Ergis, Fatrafol, Sika, etc.) and TPO (thermoplastic polyolefins - Atartec etc. ). Latest addition to the above operating characteristics are neutral to the effects of chemical ingredients. A membrane between the different width blades, as well as modes of presentation. So, for fastening covering use gluing the seams overlapped with a special double-sided adhesive tape. Sometimes the material is delivered to the object "stitched" into the factory by applying the vulcanization technology. In addition, the complexity of the work is reduced due to the fact that such a membrane in the repair of the roof can be installed over old roofing material. Then kakTPO-membrane appropriately mounted on new designs, the roof of irregular shape, and where a high risk of accidental damage coverage. They are placed with the help of automatic welding equipment, which allows us to make the seams at the junctions of extremely strong and tight, while reducing labor costs. The same method of fixation and cloths used for installation of PVC membranes. A distinctive feature of this material is a wide range of colors, consisting of nine standard colors, as well as the possibility to arrange a transparent protective cover. The membrane coating can be reinforced with fiberglass, glass, canvas, glass or polyester, although in this case they lose their elasticity. To the back of the membrane are fixed in different ways: either glued or fixed with screws, screws (mechanical method). It also uses a ballast mounting method (backfilling with gravel, crushed stone, etc.). This technology is used when laying a protective layer in winter, as influenced by low temperatures and high humidity can not be done gluing. Since the membrane is exposed to strong wind loads, it is possible swelling of cover at the joints. To avoid this, an additional coating is pressed against the base of the ballast. Layer of powder, for example, the gravel should be between 6 to 1 0 cm, since if it is operated roof, the constant load "splyuschat" ballast. Protect the membrane from damage sharp edges of gravel or crushed stone helps special fabric (geotextile), which are laid on the surface before backfilling ballast. Ballast for the membrane roof is operated and facing ceramic tiles and paving, as well as ceramic-granite or pavement. "Green" Roof Construction of the green area on the roof is fraught with several challenges. Firstly, it is the constant presence of moisture (watering plants), and secondly, the increased load, such as from soil and from the plantations themselves. In addition, there is a risk of damage to roof membrane of plant roots. Standard design landscaped roof consists of seven layers: vegetation (grass, shrubs, trees), soil substrate, protivokornevaya protection, filter and drainage layers, waterproofing and insulation. The thickness of the layer of soil substrate under herbaceous low-growing plantations should not be less than 160 mm, respectively, higher plants, the thicker the layer of earth. The filter layer is needed not only for wastewater treatment. She also serves as protection against germination of plant roots into the roof membrane. Depending on the type of landscaping (grass, shrubs, trees) use a geotextile varying thickness - from 5 to 1 5 mm, under which the suit drainage (minimum 50 mm), such as coarse gravel, which serves to divert water from watering the plants. Recently, however, this type of drainage is gradually replaced by complex systems (FLORADRAIN ®, MAXDREIN, TEFOND) based on the so-called relief membranes. This helps reduce the weight load, and significantly reduce the thickness of the "pie" green "roof. The set includes two special filters, membrane and plastic pallets - the cushioning material, consisting of many small cells with holes.