To date, the market there are many different roofing materials, which are designed to protect and preserve the warmth of your home. In this article we'll describe the most common roofing materials. On the market today, there are many different roofing materials, which are designed to protect and preserve the warmth of your home. In this article we'll describe the most common roofing materials. Types The most common roofing materials are asbestos-cement sheets, or, as they are called in common parlance, asbofanera. Unlike other roofing materials, asbofanera most fire-resistant, easy and simple to install, it does not require high costs and physical effort at repair. There are disadvantages of this roofing material - a relatively short time strength. From heavy and prolonged rains dampen asbestos sheets. Wooden crates can begin to rot from moisture. In the winter time to sweep away the snow from asbestos-cement roofs should be solely a broom, in any case not scrape it with a shovel. Roofs of steel sheets, perhaps, the most durable and lightweight roof. In addition, fireproof. A roof made of galvanized steel can last up to 25-30 years and of black steel - from 18 to 25 years. After ten years, the roof of galvanized steel is recommended to cover with oil paint, then this procedure should be repeated every 2-3 years. The roof was made of black steel must be painted regularly, every 2 - 3 years. Roof pitch should range from 18 to 30 °. The steeper the slope, the greater the need of materials, but such a roof will serve dlshe as a steep slope more rapidly without lingering drain water. Tiled roofs are of the type tile. Tile has many winning qualities, as compared to other roofing materials, it incombustibility, hardy, beautiful, durable and relatively cheap. Tile is the best roofing material for low-rise buildings. Properly built roof of her no maintenance and has high performance characteristics. Tiled roofs are the most durable (serves up to 60 years). The variety of tiled-roof material is possible with a rich color palette and expressive shape and pattern. The main drawback of tiled roofs is a very large weight, so they require a strong rafters and sheathing. To facilitate the mass of tiled roofs, the roof attached to a large deviation, which, unfortunately, increases its area and leads to higher prices. Until recently, to construct a roof was not very realistic, because our industry was producing a limited number of tiles, and amateur production was not practicable, as required certain working conditions and great skill. But now widely available in the market of construction materials has Dutch, Italian and German tile of all colors and sizes, so you can safely take up the construction of a tiled roof, if the wallet allows. Tiled roof to prevent leakage is put on the roof with a slope of 30-60 °, depending on the type of tile. In addition, high tiled roof give the house a more representative look and allow you to use its internal volume for the device attic. Most often, tiles cover the hip, hipped, pyramidal roof or mnogoskatnye. There are several basic types of tile. Recently in our country, for example, great demand interlocking stamped (pottery), interlocking cement-sand tiles, interlocking tape, flat strip and the ridge. Laid tiles in one or two layers. Interlocking tiles tape, as opposed to stamped, has grooves only along the edges, so that it overlaps only the side seams, with an overlap. This allows for hiding the length, twice more than the flat belt (333 mm, compared to 160 mm). Therefore, its use is more profitable. Moreover, it is the easiest of all types of tiles (40 kg / m 2 of roof surface). Flat ribbon tile simpler in design than the grooves, and a lot cheaper. The roof of the roll material is called soft. This type of roofing is mainly used where there can not be used other roofing material. Roll roofing material is usually performed in a waterproof mat of 3-4 layers of this material (layers glued together) and for flat roofs civil concrete and brick buildings, and pitched roofs of wooden private buildings (mostly commercial buildings). In the construction of an amateur roll roof is permitted only if there is a real opportunity to fulfill all conditions required to produce reliable and durable coating. The angle of the roofs, covered roll materials, usually from 10 to 30 °. Durability soft roof depends on many factors, but primarily on the correct crates, quality materials and mastics used, time and technology execution. Typically, such a roof is put into a warm, dry and windless weather, the best in late spring, summer or early autumn, as the dry ground mastic bear stronger. Not recommended for application roll roofing rainy autumn or winter. Methods of laying may be different, but in general the algorithm is not very different from each other. The difference lies only in the non-identical bases under the rolled carpet. We hope that this review will help consumers in Izhevsk, choose the most suitable option for them to the roof. Ceramic tile - the dream of your home Tradition of shingles without interruption for 2000 years. Since Roman times and is still a natural ceramic tiles remains the benchmark for quality and reliability. German manufacturers are not in vain called her the queen of roofing materials. The advantages of natural ceramic tiles - aesthetics, reliability and durability, fire resistance, absolute immunity to UV radiation, acid rain and sudden temperature changes. Also, ceramic tiles are valued for low thermal conductivity, ability to absorb noise and does not accumulate static electricity. The history of ceramic tile has a few millennia. Even the ancient Greeks and Romans covered their houses with clay plate. Centuries later, the ceramic tile is one of the most popular roofing in Europe. What is the reason for this success? First of all, the beauty and durability. Ceramic tile is still the benchmark for architectural aesthetics. This is evidenced by at least that many modern roofing materials mimic ceramic tile (metal, shingles). The service life of the roof of ceramic tiles - more than 100 years (when the factory warranty 20 ~ 30 years), and its decorative features with "age" is not lost. Ceramic tile is resistant to fire, frost, solar radiation, aggressive media, are well known as its ability to absorb noise, no static electricity is slowly heated in the heat. In addition, ceramic tiles, as the coverage of the individual tiles of small size provides adequate ventilation underlay space. Ceramic tile absorbs very little moisture (about 5% by weight of the tiles). However, this only applies to high-quality material - tiles with a high density and low porosity, and having pores must be closed. The more open pores, the greater the ability of the ceramic tiles absorb and store moisture, and hence below the frost. Abundance of pores, and reduces the strength of the ceramic tiles. Laying ceramic tile All kinds of piece goods used for roofs with a slope of not less than 140 degrees on a wooden crate. Laying ceramic tile, having given the size and shape, it's easier. Tiles fastened to sheathing with existing projections, knitting wire and screws inserted into holes in the tiles. There are other methods of installation, depending on the configuration of the ceramic tiles. During the day a team of three people can put up to 40 m2 of the roof. Difficult installation in cases where the corners of the roof in the plan are not equal to 900, so as to cut the shingles is extremely difficult. In slot tile is another drawback: when installing a "lock" (without gaps) any progress truss system can leakproof cover, and even cause the destruction of the ceramic tiles. Grooves in the tiles have important operational significance. They protect the underlay area from blowing snow in the winter. In wind-proof tiles (or Snow), the properties provided by the system edges (two on top - one bottom), which is a professional high-tech and at the same time, a simple solution. Such a system has a significant advantage over the slot: edges are located a considerable gap from each other (about 30 mm) and allow mutual displacement of roof tiles shrinkage of without any damage to shingles. Laying tiles properly be called an assembly or installation of the roof. Each tile is already in the manufacture of molded mounting holes in the form of a keyhole. Mounting is as follows. In the crate on the rail-pattern screwed screws or stainless steel screws with corrosion-resistant coating, they hung tiles, just as on a wall shelf. The shape of the roof and the presence of indirect angles not impede installation, because these tiles are easily cut with an ordinary cutter for ceramic tiles. To protect the roof from wind loads on the crate provides the installation of stainless steel hooks. Cement-sand tile cement-sand tiles is increasingly being used in construction. Gradually, she replaces the ceramic tiles, as cheaper than traditional in the production and operation. This is the most modern version has incorporated all the advantages of ceramic tile, familiar to mankind for centuries, adding its new qualities. Cement-sand tile is similar to ceramic. This technology is becoming increasingly popular as a cement-sand tile is not inferior in strength ceramics, and even surpasses it by frost, although somewhat loses it on decorative properties. In this case, to distinguish them on the roof can only be a specialist. For the production of cement-sand tiles used high-quality washed sand, cement, metal oxides and water. The components are mixed and pressed. Compacted material out of continuous blanket of special machines, which then split into shingles. To cement the mass hardened, tiles are placed in a special chamber, where it is 10-12 hours at 60 C. After that the shingles are separated from the pallets and 28 days storage in air the material is ready. Features of the cement-sand tile roofing cement-sand tiles have excellent sound insulation, fireproof and well protect the interior from overheating in summer. Concrete tiles resistant to environmental effects and virtually no need to repair and touch. Tiling easily adapts to deformations that occur when the sediment of the building, the temperature drops, the impact of snow and wind loads. In addition, the tile does not need to lay a solid foundation, rather slatted crates. To achieve the effect of elastic roof membrane, it is necessary to comply with certain technology installation, which can cope with only by professional roofers. For example, our specialists. Tip: When selecting a cement-sand tiles, as well as the choice of ceramic, it should be a great weight of the material. This means that the installation will require a strengthening of the truss construction of the roof. How much longevity of the roof will last the roof? When asked about the cost per square meter cover this issue, perhaps the most important for anyone who builds a country house. On what factors affect the longevity of the roof, and go today speech. Specialists understand the life of a durable design or material to the loss of 50% of the basic physical and mechanical properties. The service life of the roof depends on the durability of two components: the roof and its supporting structure. Thus it is impossible to forget a simple truth: all roof elements are inextricably linked with each other, so that the loss of properties of one of them will affect the longevity of the roof as a whole. Whatever may have been a remarkable roofing material, if wood base underneath rotten - the roof long downtime. Conversely, even perfectly executed ground sooner or later will become worthless when the roof has defects. Also, you should keep in mind: the state of the roof depends on the state of finishing in the spaces below it (especially when it operated lofts - lofts). Another point. Roof - part of the architectural image of the building, which means that if, after years of covering material is protective, but not look pretty, its life is over. So that the durability - it is also "the ability to" keep a roof acceptable appearance. What are the main influence on the roof? Precipitation (rain, snow, hail), wind, ultraviolet radiation, temperature, vital functions of insects and microorganisms, and mechanical load. In principle, the majority of modern roofing materials is good at these "plagues" within the design life. Written guarantee on soft tile is typically 15-25 years for metal - 5-15 years, natural tile - 20-50 years old, on granite - 50 years. The producers believe that the real life of a soft metal and at least 2-3 times greater than the warranty, and natural tile and porcelain can reach up to 100 years. In many ways, durability of the material depends on its quality. So, when choosing a soft tile should be made primarily to pay special attention to its heat and cold resistance, ie the ability to maintain the shape at different temperatures. Basis soft tile - non-woven fiberglass or polyester, impregnated, as a rule, modified bitumen. That modifier (polymer additive) defines the reaction of the roofing material to heat and cold. Most-modified bitumen APP (atactic polypropylene) and SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene). Speak of the superiority of one over the other additives is difficult. Say, heat APP reaches up to 140 C, and the SBS - only up to 100 C, but at the same time last frost modifier above. Therefore, each climate zone fits your modifier. As for our changeable climate, then there will be the durable soft tile, which has an optimal ratio of polymer and bitumen. The next important characteristic for soft tile - resistance to UV radiation. Is influenced by, firstly, the presence of the same modifier: bitumen with a polymer additive longer retains the physical and mechanical properties under ultraviolet light than the unmodified. Secondly, the quality of the top cover tile - a layer of basalt or mineral granules. Stone chippings closes bitumen from the "harmful" for his sunlight, so the higher the percentage of the surface, a closed crumb, the more durable tile. Third, resistance to UV radiation is associated with the index of adhesion to bitumen granulate: the loss of dressing should not exceed the requirements of GOST standards and European norms, or eventually bitumen "bare" and will quickly grow old. The bottom surface of a soft tile, usually covered with a layer of silicon partially sand, partially self-adhesive layer rezinobituma. The latter is responsible for the leak roof membrane, because after a while under the influence of sunlight it is "tightly" sticks together with the neighboring shingle shingle. To soft roof served for a long time, the area of ??adhesive layer must be at least 15% of the surface area of ??the shingles (a well-known manufacturers, this layer is between 50% and above). Otherwise, sufficient tightness will not be achieved. It is also important to understand that the adhesive layer depends on the fate of not just one shingle, but the whole surface. Finally, it has a value base of bitumen-polymer material, which determines its tensile strength. This is especially true for the valley of carpets, plank in the valley and the ground of contiguity, where the roof is subjected to the most serious pressure of water, snow. Hence, the tensile strength of valley carpet must be greater than ordinary shingles. The main characteristics affecting the durability of ceramic and cement-sand tile is frost, which, in turn, depends on the degree of water absorption, density and porosity of the tile.
To date, the market there are many different roofing materials, which are designed to protect and preserve the warmth of your home. In this article we'll describe the most common roofing materials. On the market today, there are many different roofing materials, which are designed to protect and preserve the warmth of your home. In this article we'll describe the most common roofing materials. Types The most common roofing materials are asbestos-cement sheets, or, as they are called in common parlance, asbofanera. Unlike other roofing materials, asbofanera most fire-resistant, easy and simple to install, it does not require high costs and physical effort at repair. There are disadvantages of this roofing material - a relatively short time strength. From heavy and prolonged rains dampen asbestos sheets. Wooden crates can begin to rot from moisture. In the winter time to sweep away the snow from asbestos-cement roofs should be solely a broom, in any case not scrape it with a shovel. Roofs of steel sheets, perhaps, the most durable and lightweight roof. In addition, fireproof. A roof made of galvanized steel can last up to 25-30 years and of black steel - from 18 to 25 years. After ten years, the roof of galvanized steel is recommended to cover with oil paint, then this procedure should be repeated every 2-3 years. The roof was made of black steel must be painted regularly, every 2 - 3 years. Roof pitch should range from 18 to 30 °. The steeper the slope, the greater the need of materials, but such a roof will serve dlshe as a steep slope more rapidly without lingering drain water. Tiled roofs are of the type tile. Tile has many winning qualities, as compared to other roofing materials, it incombustibility, hardy, beautiful, durable and relatively cheap. Tile is the best roofing material for low-rise buildings. Properly built roof of her no maintenance and has high performance characteristics. Tiled roofs are the most durable (serves up to 60 years). The variety of tiled-roof material is possible with a rich color palette and expressive shape and pattern. The main drawback of tiled roofs is a very large weight, so they require a strong rafters and sheathing. To facilitate the mass of tiled roofs, the roof attached to a large deviation, which, unfortunately, increases its area and leads to higher prices. Until recently, to construct a roof was not very realistic, because our industry was producing a limited number of tiles, and amateur production was not practicable, as required certain working conditions and great skill. But now widely available in the market of construction materials has Dutch, Italian and German tile of all colors and sizes, so you can safely take up the construction of a tiled roof, if the wallet allows. Tiled roof to prevent leakage is put on the roof with a slope of 30-60 °, depending on the type of tile. In addition, high tiled roof give the house a more representative look and allow you to use its internal volume for the device attic. Most often, tiles cover the hip, hipped, pyramidal roof or mnogoskatnye. There are several basic types of tile. Recently in our country, for example, great demand interlocking stamped (pottery), interlocking cement-sand tiles, interlocking tape, flat strip and the ridge. Laid tiles in one or two layers. Interlocking tiles tape, as opposed to stamped, has grooves only along the edges, so that it overlaps only the side seams, with an overlap. This allows for hiding the length, twice more than the flat belt (333 mm, compared to 160 mm). Therefore, its use is more profitable. Moreover, it is the easiest of all types of tiles (40 kg / m 2 of roof surface). Flat ribbon tile simpler in design than the grooves, and a lot cheaper. The roof of the roll material is called soft. This type of roofing is mainly used where there can not be used other roofing material. Roll roofing material is usually performed in a waterproof mat of 3-4 layers of this material (layers glued together) and for flat roofs civil concrete and brick buildings, and pitched roofs of wooden private buildings (mostly commercial buildings). In the construction of an amateur roll roof is permitted only if there is a real opportunity to fulfill all conditions required to produce reliable and durable coating. The angle of the roofs, covered roll materials, usually from 10 to 30 °. Durability soft roof depends on many factors, but primarily on the correct crates, quality materials and mastics used, time and technology execution. Typically, such a roof is put into a warm, dry and windless weather, the best in late spring, summer or early autumn, as the dry ground mastic bear stronger. Not recommended for application roll roofing rainy autumn or winter. Methods of laying may be different, but in general the algorithm is not very different from each other. The difference lies only in the non-identical bases under the rolled carpet. We hope that this review will help consumers in Izhevsk, choose the most suitable option for them to the roof. Ceramic tile - the dream of your home Tradition of shingles without interruption for 2000 years. Since Roman times and is still a natural ceramic tiles remains the benchmark for quality and reliability. German manufacturers are not in vain called her the queen of roofing materials. The advantages of natural ceramic tiles - aesthetics, reliability and durability, fire resistance, absolute immunity to UV radiation, acid rain and sudden temperature changes. Also, ceramic tiles are valued for low thermal conductivity, ability to absorb noise and does not accumulate static electricity. The history of ceramic tile has a few millennia. Even the ancient Greeks and Romans covered their houses with clay plate. Centuries later, the ceramic tile is one of the most popular roofing in Europe. What is the reason for this success? First of all, the beauty and durability. Ceramic tile is still the benchmark for architectural aesthetics. This is evidenced by at least that many modern roofing materials mimic ceramic tile (metal, shingles). The service life of the roof of ceramic tiles - more than 100 years (when the factory warranty 20 ~ 30 years), and its decorative features with "age" is not lost. Ceramic tile is resistant to fire, frost, solar radiation, aggressive media, are well known as its ability to absorb noise, no static electricity is slowly heated in the heat. In addition, ceramic tiles, as the coverage of the individual tiles of small size provides adequate ventilation underlay space. Ceramic tile absorbs very little moisture (about 5% by weight of the tiles). However, this only applies to high-quality material - tiles with a high density and low porosity, and having pores must be closed. The more open pores, the greater the ability of the ceramic tiles absorb and store moisture, and hence below the frost. Abundance of pores, and reduces the strength of the ceramic tiles. Laying ceramic tile All kinds of piece goods used for roofs with a slope of not less than 140 degrees on a wooden crate. Laying ceramic tile, having given the size and shape, it's easier. Tiles fastened to sheathing with existing projections, knitting wire and screws inserted into holes in the tiles. There are other methods of installation, depending on the configuration of the ceramic tiles. During the day a team of three people can put up to 40 m2 of the roof. Difficult installation in cases where the corners of the roof in the plan are not equal to 900, so as to cut the shingles is extremely difficult. In slot tile is another drawback: when installing a "lock" (without gaps) any progress truss system can leakproof cover, and even cause the destruction of the ceramic tiles. Grooves in the tiles have important operational significance. They protect the underlay area from blowing snow in the winter. In wind-proof tiles (or Snow), the properties provided by the system edges (two on top - one bottom), which is a professional high-tech and at the same time, a simple solution. Such a system has a significant advantage over the slot: edges are located a considerable gap from each other (about 30 mm) and allow mutual displacement of roof tiles shrinkage of without any damage to shingles. Laying tiles properly be called an assembly or installation of the roof. Each tile is already in the manufacture of molded mounting holes in the form of a keyhole. Mounting is as follows. In the crate on the rail-pattern screwed screws or stainless steel screws with corrosion-resistant coating, they hung tiles, just as on a wall shelf. The shape of the roof and the presence of indirect angles not impede installation, because these tiles are easily cut with an ordinary cutter for ceramic tiles. To protect the roof from wind loads on the crate provides the installation of stainless steel hooks. Cement-sand tile cement-sand tiles is increasingly being used in construction. Gradually, she replaces the ceramic tiles, as cheaper than traditional in the production and operation. This is the most modern version has incorporated all the advantages of ceramic tile, familiar to mankind for centuries, adding its new qualities. Cement-sand tile is similar to ceramic. This technology is becoming increasingly popular as a cement-sand tile is not inferior in strength ceramics, and even surpasses it by frost, although somewhat loses it on decorative properties. In this case, to distinguish them on the roof can only be a specialist. For the production of cement-sand tiles used high-quality washed sand, cement, metal oxides and water. The components are mixed and pressed. Compacted material out of continuous blanket of special machines, which then split into shingles. To cement the mass hardened, tiles are placed in a special chamber, where it is 10-12 hours at 60 C. After that the shingles are separated from the pallets and 28 days storage in air the material is ready. Features of the cement-sand tile roofing cement-sand tiles have excellent sound insulation, fireproof and well protect the interior from overheating in summer. Concrete tiles resistant to environmental effects and virtually no need to repair and touch. Tiling easily adapts to deformations that occur when the sediment of the building, the temperature drops, the impact of snow and wind loads. In addition, the tile does not need to lay a solid foundation, rather slatted crates. To achieve the effect of elastic roof membrane, it is necessary to comply with certain technology installation, which can cope with only by professional roofers. For example, our specialists. Tip: When selecting a cement-sand tiles, as well as the choice of ceramic, it should be a great weight of the material. This means that the installation will require a strengthening of the truss construction of the roof. How much longevity of the roof will last the roof? When asked about the cost per square meter cover this issue, perhaps the most important for anyone who builds a country house. On what factors affect the longevity of the roof, and go today speech. Specialists understand the life of a durable design or material to the loss of 50% of the basic physical and mechanical properties. The service life of the roof depends on the durability of two components: the roof and its supporting structure. Thus it is impossible to forget a simple truth: all roof elements are inextricably linked with each other, so that the loss of properties of one of them will affect the longevity of the roof as a whole. Whatever may have been a remarkable roofing material, if wood base underneath rotten - the roof long downtime. Conversely, even perfectly executed ground sooner or later will become worthless when the roof has defects. Also, you should keep in mind: the state of the roof depends on the state of finishing in the spaces below it (especially when it operated lofts - lofts). Another point. Roof - part of the architectural image of the building, which means that if, after years of covering material is protective, but not look pretty, its life is over. So that the durability - it is also "the ability to" keep a roof acceptable appearance. What are the main influence on the roof? Precipitation (rain, snow, hail), wind, ultraviolet radiation, temperature, vital functions of insects and microorganisms, and mechanical load. In principle, the majority of modern roofing materials is good at these "plagues" within the design life. Written guarantee on soft tile is typically 15-25 years for metal - 5-15 years, natural tile - 20-50 years old, on granite - 50 years. The producers believe that the real life of a soft metal and at least 2-3 times greater than the warranty, and natural tile and porcelain can reach up to 100 years. In many ways, durability of the material depends on its quality. So, when choosing a soft tile should be made primarily to pay special attention to its heat and cold resistance, ie the ability to maintain the shape at different temperatures. Basis soft tile - non-woven fiberglass or polyester, impregnated, as a rule, modified bitumen. That modifier (polymer additive) defines the reaction of the roofing material to heat and cold. Most-modified bitumen APP (atactic polypropylene) and SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene). Speak of the superiority of one over the other additives is difficult. Say, heat APP reaches up to 140 C, and the SBS - only up to 100 C, but at the same time last frost modifier above. Therefore, each climate zone fits your modifier. As for our changeable climate, then there will be the durable soft tile, which has an optimal ratio of polymer and bitumen. The next important characteristic for soft tile - resistance to UV radiation. Is influenced by, firstly, the presence of the same modifier: bitumen with a polymer additive longer retains the physical and mechanical properties under ultraviolet light than the unmodified. Secondly, the quality of the top cover tile - a layer of basalt or mineral granules. Stone chippings closes bitumen from the "harmful" for his sunlight, so the higher the percentage of the surface, a closed crumb, the more durable tile. Third, resistance to UV radiation is associated with the index of adhesion to bitumen granulate: the loss of dressing should not exceed the requirements of GOST standards and European norms, or eventually bitumen "bare" and will quickly grow old. The bottom surface of a soft tile, usually covered with a layer of silicon partially sand, partially self-adhesive layer rezinobituma. The latter is responsible for the leak roof membrane, because after a while under the influence of sunlight it is "tightly" sticks together with the neighboring shingle shingle. To soft roof served for a long time, the area of ??adhesive layer must be at least 15% of the surface area of ??the shingles (a well-known manufacturers, this layer is between 50% and above). Otherwise, sufficient tightness will not be achieved. It is also important to understand that the adhesive layer depends on the fate of not just one shingle, but the whole surface. Finally, it has a value base of bitumen-polymer material, which determines its tensile strength. This is especially true for the valley of carpets, plank in the valley and the ground of contiguity, where the roof is subjected to the most serious pressure of water, snow. Hence, the tensile strength of valley carpet must be greater than ordinary shingles. The main characteristics affecting the durability of ceramic and cement-sand tile is frost, which, in turn, depends on the degree of water absorption, density and porosity of the tile. Experts say that water retention of quality tiles should not exceed 5-7% by weight of the tiles, then cover long retain its properties. Moreover, the higher density and lower porosity, the lower the moisture gets inside the tile. A moisture - one of the main "destroyers" tiles: when temperature drops the moisture that gets into the pores freezes and expands, gradually breaks down their walls. In addition, the high porosity increases the permeability of shingles (the ability to pass water under pressure). Thus, high-quality natural tiles must have a minimum amount of time. Other important characteristics of natural tile - resistance to UV radiation and bending strength. Modern manufacturing techniques make it possible to make tiles from her high color fastness. As for strength, then some manufacturers of cement-sand tiles one tile can withstand up to 250 kg. High-quality ceramic tile is almost as strong. Longevity granite is due primarily frost. As already mentioned, the frost is directly related to moisture absorption, which depends on the porosity of the material. In porcelain stoneware minimum number of pores is achieved only by special technological methods. First, the raw mixture is baked at very high temperatures - up to 1300 C, thus making it literally fuses. Secondly - and most importantly - to be treated a lot of crushes press - 800 kg / sq. cm, or more than a thousand tonnes on each tile. Performed in such a way granite tile has low moisture absorption (0.1%) and as a consequence - high frost resistance. Porcelain tile is painted in a mass that is the key to its color stability. On the other hand, tile duty to preserve the color, only when the formed-in-production adds a lot of highly stable pigments containing salts of rare earth metals (cobalt, zirconium, chromium). Of particular importance for the longevity of the roof has the mechanical strength of the coating. Some manufacturers of granite tiles have ensured that her specific bending strength is 65 MPa, thus a square meter coating withstands greater snow loads than those calculated for an average strip of Russia. In addition, the service life of the roof affects the hardness of granite. One of the longest tenure in the roof of copper: "stand" 150-200 years without any kind of operating costs for her no problem. Rusting roof of this material simply can not. " And, covering over time or due to special technology malachite-green patina, it becomes only stronger. Although this has a very high coefficient of thermal expansion, which affects the stability of its nodes. Up to 100 years would "live" roof of the zinc-titanium alloy, due to its high resistance to corrosion. In the silvery leaves contained less than 2% of titanium, but it was he who gives them strength. Roof construction, however, no matter how perfect was no roofing material, it does not last for long, if mistakes are made in the roof structure. Must be in accordance with SNIP calculate the cross section and step rafters and sheathing (or the thickness of solid flooring), as well as to organize the "roof pie, if the roof of your house is an attic. In most cases it involves vapor barrier, insulation and waterproofing. It is important to consider the following. First, the device depends on the type of roof waterproofing film. Vapor-proof film or partially vapor-proof (usually with antikondensatnym layer) should be installed with a clearance in relation to insulation and the roof, forming two cavities for air movement. Mandatory requirement of durability roof - the proper organization of ventilation underlay space. Aeration is necessary, first, wooden structures, to prevent them rotting and, secondly, heat insulation, not to be watered water vapor, which is always in one way or another abundant in the air. Lack of or improper ventilation of the organization lead to the fact that the insulation is wet and the house loses heat through the roof. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to arrange the overhang of the eave vent clearance for air flow under the surface - an opportunity for his free-convection, and near the ridge - the holes for his exit. Often required to enhance ventilation with special ventilation items. Correct calculation of roof fans and places where they should be, another factor that increases the lifespan of the roof. A quality installation is one more condition durability roof. You can buy an expensive roofing material, but negate its reliability and beauty laying in violation of the technology. Worst of all, when the error occurred during device "roof pie" because the customer does not see that happening under the roof. And understand: "something wrong" when it is already beginning to deteriorate interior or icicles "clusters" hanging from the eaves. If maintainability during the design or installation of the roof still fails, can you fix it? And what happens if during a hurricane or other disaster happened binge mechanical damage to the roof? It's all very individual and depends in particular on the nature and extent of the defect, and the type of roofing. Say, repair soft tile next two or three years after installation to very problematic, because Shingles "tightly" glued to each other. When damaged individual petals (or one shingle), they cut a roofing knife, but instead they installed new ones, and they are not nailed, but simply stick bitumen adhesive. When a defect valley, caused by improper installation, will have to change not only the valley carpet, but all cherepichki that cover the edges. In some cases, you can plug the holes and cracks with sealant, but it "saves" cover a very short period of time. Note: mounting foam as a waterproofing material can not be used! Metal light scratches nestrashny: zinc layer underneath the plastic cover to protect from corrosion, you just paint over the scratch. And here is a serious defect may lead to the dismantling of the profiled sheet. Moreover, when large-scale renovation of the building is very rarely possible to withdraw a sheet and then install it again to the same place. Repair natural tile to the easiest: each damaged tile can be easily removed and replaced. If necessary, can dismantle even the entire roof, and then re-lay it "as it was." Is relevant to many questions: what if the frost formed on the roof and icicles? Answer: redo roofing "pie" by providing the required insulation and ventilation. As an extreme version of anti-icing system can be set based on the heating cables. It is suitable pitched roof made of any material and is in addition to themselves cables of accessories for attaching them, the distribution network and management system. The principle of operation is obvious: heating cables melt the ice and melt water flows down from the roof. Mount them on the need for gutters and downpipes, ending exits from sewers (ie, all the way meltwater). Some companies recommend, except gutters, place the cables still on the perimeter of the roof, in its lower part. In addition, the cables are laid in the valley, around protruding structures (pipes, roof windows) and in other places of the most icing roof. True, this way of getting rid of icicles, you will increase energy costs. Another point: as the main cause of ice dams - the error at the device "the roof of cake", the cable will not save the rafters and purlin from rotting. Finally, because of the anchorage cable downspouts can often become clogged and have to clean them very carefully so as not to damage the system. Incidentally, the maintenance of the roof. Operation To maintain performance and aesthetic properties of the roof must be at least twice a year to check its status. This is best done in autumn and spring. During the summer and autumn on the cover of accumulated leaves, pine needles, cones, small branches and dust. Therefore, the preparation of the roof for the winter include cleaning debris from both the roof membrane and drainage system. Dumping trash in the gutter is strictly forbidden: the pipe may become clogged, which may impede water flow, thus increasing the pressure on the pipe, and in winter there is certainly formed an ice plug. Spring after the snow melts on the roof and gutters is dirt, dust and silt, which also must be removed. Sweep fine dust and dirt from the roof we recommend using a soft brush, non-abrasive coating. Twigs and other large debris is better to remove manually. In winter, snow on the roof of the trained. He did not pose any threat to a properly designed and accurately mounted roof. Moreover, snow cover provides additional insulation and protection of the home cover from ultraviolet radiation. And protect your head from the snow avalanche can promptly identify elements snow retention. Fulfilling all these requirements, you will forget, when your roof starts "retirement age".
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