Types of air conditioners Ranked Among the domestic air conditioners are two basic types: monoblock air conditioner (window or mobile) and an air conditioner split type system. Window air conditioners - in the recent past, the most common type of air conditioners in our country (series LC). Now almost all foreign companies producing air conditioners offer window models from 1.5 to 5 kW. The simplest of these can only cool air is more expensive - have a heating mode and a remote control. The main disadvantage of window air conditioner is increased (compared with split-system) noise and the need for installation in the window opening. Advantage - low price. Portable air-conditioners - a kind of one-piece air-conditioners. Superficially looks like a small cupboard on wheels. Such conditioners do not require special installation, you only need to take a flexible hose (duct) with a diameter of 15 centimeters and a length of 1-2 meters on the street through the window or hole in the wall. Through this tube is removed the hot air. Lack of mobile air-conditioner - increased noise and high price, comparable to the value of a good split-system. Split-system. This air conditioner consists of indoor and outdoor units, which are connected with electric wire and copper tubes with refrigerant. With this design the most noisy and cumbersome part of the air conditioner compressor is moved outward. Indoor unit can be placed in almost any place home or office. All modern split systems are equipped with remote control (RC) with LCD display. With it you can set the room temperature to within 1 - 2 degrees, set a timer to automatically turn on and off the air conditioner at a specified time, to regulate the air flow and more. Indoor units are fine filters and strainer to filter the air of dust, smoke, pollen, etc. Another advantage of split systems is a large selection of different types of indoor units. Among split-systems allocate the following modifications: wall air conditioner, underceiling air conditioner, cassette air conditioner, air conditioning, and patrol channel air-conditioner. The most common and most affordable - wall air conditioner. This conditioner can be installed in any room - office, apartment, shop, etc. Power wall air-conditioners in the range from 1.5 - 2.0 kW to 6.5 - 8.5 kW, which corresponds to the area of ??the premises from 12 to 75 square meters. m. Another type of split-system: outdoor - underceiling (or ceiling) air conditioner. Outwardly, it looks like a wall-mounted air conditioner, but has a thinner - about 15 - 20 centimeters in size is more like a radiator. Power of these air conditioners can reach 12.5 kW. They are installed, as their name implies, or at the bottom of the wall (in this case, they really remind indoor radiator), or on the ceiling. In this case, the air flow in the first case is directed upwards in the second - along the ceiling that allows you to evenly distribute the cooled air into the room and avoid exposure to direct flow of cold air on people. Cassette air conditioner is designed for installation in the ceiling. The lower part of this unit has a standard ceiling tile 600 x 600 mm, but with large capacity can be doubled and more - 1200 x 600 mm. The main advantage of cassette air-conditioner - invisibility, visible only because of its lower part, covered with decorative lattice. Columnar or outdoor air conditioner has a greater cooling capacity and is designed for installation in large rooms - rooms, restaurants, lobbies. Columns of air conditioning can be installed, where because of the lack of false ceilings can not be installed cassette or channel air-conditioner. Duct air conditioner installed in suspended or boarding the ceiling, which completely hides the inner block. Distribution of cooled air through the system of ducts to several rooms. Power conditioners such as 20 - 25 kW, enough to cool a small office, or 4-5 bedroom apartment. Another advantage of the channel air-conditioner - the possibility of fresh air. The possibility of ventilation (fresh air) there exists a common misconception that any air conditioner can not only cool but also be aired. However, the full function of fresh air realized only in the channel of air conditioners. Window air conditioners, as well as some models of cluster and column split systems can also perform ventilation, albeit in limited quantities (about 10% of total capacity). But normal wall air conditioners only cool or heat the air inside the room. Therefore, these air conditioners are used with the system for ventilation. Thus, a single channel air-conditioner can solve the problem of ventilation and air conditioning of multiple rooms. Only need to take care of the correct calculation of the required ventilation in rooms, selection of air conditioner for cooling capacity and static pressure, the installation of electrical or water heater to heat supplied from outside air in winter. Power Conditioner Cooling capacity is the main characteristic of the air conditioner. For air conditioners, it ranges from 1.5 - 2.0 6.5 - 8.5 kW. It affects the area, which is designed with air conditioning. For the assumptions made 1 kW of cooling power at 10 square meters with a ceiling height of 2.8 - 3.0 m. If the room is a large area of ??glazing or windows face south, the power conditioner must increase by 15 - 25%. If the room is a lot of people and / or heat-generating equipment, the power conditioner as well be increased. It is assumed that the person produces 0.1 kW of heat, computer, photocopier - 0,3 kW for other devices, we can assume that they are isolated as a heat 1 / 3 nameplate capacity. Possibility of heating the air There are air conditioners, which can only cool the air (in performance says "just chill") and air-conditioners with the ability to heat the air (called "cooling-heating, warm-cold", "heat pump" or "reversible air conditioning) . Models with the ability to heat the air are at 100 - 200 dollars more expensive, but allow the off-season (fall and spring), heated indoor air. Name of the heat pump is not given by chance. It shows that the heating of air in the room is not elektrospiralyu or Tan, as in the heater, and expense of heat intake of outside air (heat is transferred from the street into the room). Thus, in heating mode is the same process as in the cooling mode, but the external and internal units are as it were reversed. What is an inverter air conditioner inverter air conditioner is different from the ordinary that has a variable capacity cooling / heating. In such air conditioners are converted AC voltage to a constant. This allows you to smoothly change the frequency of rotation of the compressor and thereby regulate the power conditioner. Inverter air conditioner consumes power at 30 - 35% smaller than normal and more accurately maintains the set temperature. Power consumed by air conditioning power consumed by air conditioning of the network is about one-third of the power cooling / heating. In this case, efficiency is 250-300%, ie 1 kilowatt of electricity consumed has 2.5 - 3 kW of cold / heat is dissipated in the room. No paradox here is no, because the energy is spent not on the cooling / heating the air and on the transfer of cold / heat from the street into the building. Therefore, household air-conditioner with a cooling capacity of 2 kW consumes only 650 - 700 watts (less than iron or a kettle) and it can connect to an ordinary wall socket. Effect of temperature on the air conditioner properly selected for the power conditioner is able to install and constantly maintain a comfortable temperature of indoor air (usually between +18 ° C to +28 ° C with an accuracy of 1-2 degrees). In this case, the outside air temperature can range from -7 ° C to +43 ° C. Keep in mind that with the approach of the outside air temperature of minus 7 degrees, the air conditioner efficiency decreases and increases the load on the compressor. This is due to the physical properties of refrigerant - refrigerant R-22 and does not depend on the type of air conditioner and the producer firms (except for air conditioners DeLonghi, which are adapted to the Russian climate and can operate at temperatures down to -25 ° C). In addition, at low temperatures may freeze drain drainage tube and then the water from the indoor unit will flow into the room. Thus, the use of air conditioners in winter it is impossible, and the operation of the air conditioner when the outdoor temperature is below -10 ° C leads to rapid wear of the equipment and, ultimately, damage to the air conditioner. To block all-season air conditioner can operate all year round, it build in an additional device - all-weather unit. This unit provides heating, drainage and crankcase controls the fan speed. In this case, the air conditioner can operate at ambient air temperatures down to -25 ° C. Please be aware that even the air conditioner adapted as the temperature decreases the power and -25 ° is about 30% of the nominal value. Therefore, for heating at low outdoor temperatures economical to use an oil cooler or a heater, which is also ten times cheaper than the air conditioner. Air conditioning unit with all-season may prove useful in areas with lots of heat-generating equipment (servers, computer rooms, manufacturing facilities, etc.) - not only for cooling in the summer but in winter, because such a cool room "fortochnym" method may lead to an unacceptable reduction of air humidity (30 - 40%), which in turn will lead to drying and cracking of electrical cable insulation, and other negative phenomena. Therefore, the only way of cooling a room - to use an adapted air-conditioning.
No comments:
Post a Comment