Vitaly Lviv Fresh air is necessary for our lives. Every day we inhale 20.000 liters of air. We need natural air saturated with ozone, ions, and volatile production. Unfortunately, the majority provided for in the residential ventilation system does not provide the necessary for normal functioning of air. And at an open window, we get fumes, dust, noise, drafts and sudden temperature changes. In addition, many objects that surround us, often emit harmful to the healthy life of the substance. According to operating in Russia to date building codes, all buildings depending on their destination should be equipped with system of air or ventilation with certain parameters (air exchange, the amount of air exhausted from the room, etc.). Often the nature of the use of premises or wishes of the owner of premises, determines specific requirements for temperature and humidity of air quality. To fulfill such requirements is necessary to resort to the use of special systems for air treatment. In conventional dwellings by infiltration of outside air through leaks windows and fences always happens breathability. It is called the unorganized. Organized by the air is called ventilation. Characterize the amount of ventilation and air exchange. Volume of ventilation is the amount of air (m3), which comes into the room for an hour. The minimum collection rate of outdoor air into the room 30 m3 / h per adult and 20 m3 / h - on the child. Air exchange shows how many times an hour changing the air in the room. When the multiplicity of air less than 0.5 per hour a person experiences a sense of closeness in a residential area. In accordance with the requirements of existing regulations multiplicity of air in homes should be (in the living room) - 0,5-1,0; in kitchens - 3.0 fold return in an hour. But the air exchange is achieved, and by his conditioning. What's the difference? Ventilation - the exchange of indoor air to remove excess heat, moisture and other harmful substances in order to ensure acceptable weather conditions and air quality in the serviced or work area at an average Insecurity 400 hours per year - with round the clock work and 300 hours per year at one-shift operation in the daytime. And air conditioning - it's automatic maintenance indoors all or some of the air parameters (temperature, relative humidity, cleanliness, speed of movement) at a certain level in order to provide primarily the optimal weather conditions most favorable to the well-being of people of the process, safeguard the cultural values. Some consequences of poor ventilation in the room: - high humidity - unpleasant smells from the kitchen and bathrooms, which are constantly remain in the room - dead air - moisture - the feeling of a lack of fresh air in most cases, the "renovation of Soviet-style" begins with the installation of windows and good zadraivaniya all air vents. It's funny, but few people realize that Porush existing ventilation system, you can go without clean air. Knowledgeable people act differently. Even if the ventilation system does not pull, it does not break. Why, because the situation can be easily corrected with an inexpensive supply and exhaust fans that can significantly increase the efficiency of existing systems. The fact is, most residential and office buildings is provided with natural ventilation air currents. If it is not cleaned, the garbage accumulated in the duct begins to interfere with the normal circulation flow and the system stops working. If the air is to drive through the fan, it is enough even remaining in the duct lumen. In order to understand how cluttered the ventilation system in your home and what fans want, it is enough to bring a candle outlet in the kitchen, closet or bathroom. If the flame is deflected in the direction of the lattice, hence, the thrust is and can do simple fan. If the candle does not react to the proximity of air vent required "centrifugal" fan, which creates a higher pressure. The cost of such a device is 2-3 times higher, but if the duct thoroughly hammered by all sorts of rubbish, the standard "axial" fan just does not help. Naturally fresh air, natural ventilation of premises is determined by the temperature difference between outdoor and indoor air and the force of the wind. Wind pressure of the air has on one side of the building pressure will drive the air in the room and on the leeward side due to dilution sucks the air out of the room. Air depends on the type of building material wall of the building. Wood, brick well leak air. Concrete walls, paint them with oil paint, cement plaster significantly reduce breathability. In order to enhance natural ventilation have resorted to airing rooms through windows, vents, transoms. In order to enhance natural ventilation in the walls of houses pave the exhaust vents that open into the kitchen, bathroom and toilet. They end up on the roof-caps - vents to increase suction of air due to wind power. In the current housing system with an extract ventilation duct do not always ensure removal from the apartment air. Often there is also an adverse event as "breaking traction." In these cases through the vents in the room comes odors and dust, which creates the danger of dirt and infection from one apartment to another. To improve the air in homes can use electric fans to exhaust duct. Air movement in natural ventilation systems are: - due to the temperature difference between outdoor (ambient) air and indoor air, the so-called aeration - due to the pressure difference "column of air between the lower level (serviced accommodation) and the upper level - an exhaust device (baffle) installed on the roof of the building - convection - as a result of the impact of the so-called wind pressure. Aeration is used in workshops with considerable heat, if the concentration of dust and harmful gases in the supply air does not exceed 30% of the maximum permissible in the work zone. Aeration does not apply if the terms of production technology requires pretreatment of fresh air, or if the influx of outside air causes the formation of fog or condensation. Convection is applicable in areas with a large excess of warm air is always warmer than outside. Heavier outside air, entering the building, displaces it from the lighter warm air. At the same time in a confined space there is room air circulation caused by a heat source, such as the one which causes a fan - convection. In systems of natural ventilation in which air movement is created by the pressure difference the air column, the minimum difference in height between the level of the intake air from the room and its ejection through the deflector must be at least 3 meters. In this case, the recommended length of the horizontal sections of duct shall not exceed 3 m and the air velocity in ducts - not to exceed 1 m / sec. The impact of wind pressure is expressed in the fact that on the windward (facing the wind) side of the building is formed increased, and on the leeward side and sometimes on the roof - low blood pressure (vacuum). If the fence has openings of a building, then on the windward side of the air enters the room, and a dried up - comes out of it, and the speed of air movement in the openings depends on wind speed, blowing the building, and accordingly the values ??arising from the pressure difference. Natural ventilation systems are simple and do not require complex and expensive equipment and energy consumption. However, the dependence of the efficiency of these systems of variables (air temperature, wind speed and direction) and a small available pressure is not possible to solve with their help all the complex and diverse tasks in the field of ventilation. A fan in a new way in mechanical ventilation systems used equipment and appliances (fans, motors, heaters, dust collectors, automatic, etc.), allowing air to move over long distances. Electricity costs at their work can be quite large. Such systems can be and to remove air from the local area the premises in the required quantity, regardless of the changing conditions of the surrounding air. If necessary, the air is subjected to various kinds of processing (cleaning, heat, moisture, etc.), it is virtually impossible in systems with a natural impulse. It should be noted that in practice often involve so-called mixed ventilation, it is both natural and mechanical ventilation. In each specific project is determined by what type of ventilation is the best in the sanitary-hygienic respect, as well as technically and economically more sustainable. Local ventilation is called such, in which air is supplied to certain places (the local forced ventilation) and air pollution are removed only from the places of formation of harmful emissions (local exhaust ventilation). Local ventilation is less costly than the general exchange. In production areas in the allocation of pollutant (gas, moisture, heat, etc.) usually used a mixed system of ventilation - is common to eliminate hazards throughout the volume of the premises and the local (local pumps and flow), to service jobs. Go to the local ventilation include air showers (concentrated airflow at higher speeds). They should give clean air to permanent jobs, reduce their area ambient air temperature and the blow on workers exposed to intense heat exposure. Go to the local ventilation include air oasis - areas of premises, fenced off from the rest of mobile partition height 2-2.5 m, in which air is injected with a low temperature. Local forced ventilation is also used as an air curtain (at the gate, stoves, etc.) which create the air as if walls or change the direction of air flow. Hood with a scale exhaust ventilation removes from the premises (shops, housing) polluted or heated exhaust air. In general, the premises provides both the inlet of the ventilation system and exhaust system. Their performance must be balanced with the possibility of air in adjacent rooms or adjacent rooms. The premises may also be provided only exhaust or just the plenum ventilation system. In this case, air enters the premises from the outside or from adjacent rooms through special openings or removed from this room out, or overflows into the adjacent premises. As a plenum, and exhaust can get at the workplace (a local ventilation), or for the entire premises (general ventilation). Local exhaust ventilation is used when the place of harmful substances and secretions in the premises are located and can prevent their spread throughout the room. Local exhaust ventilation in industrial premises can capture and removal of harmful substances: gases, smoke, dust, and partially released from the equipment of heat. To remove harmful substances used local pumps (shelters in the form of cabinets, area, side suction, the veil, hiding in the form of casings at their machines, etc.) The basic requirements they must meet: - Place of harmful emissions as possible should be completely covered. - The design of local exhaust should be such that the suction does not interfere with normal work and did not reduce productivity. Adverse selection must be removed from their place of education in the direction of natural movement (the hot gases and vapors should be removed upwards, the cold heavy gas and dust - down). Construction of local suction conventionally divided into three groups: - Semi pumps (hoods). Volumes of air are determined by calculation. - Open type (on-board pumps). The extraction of harmful substances is achieved only at high volumes exhausted air. The main elements of the ventilation system with local suction pumps are local - the shelter (MO), suction ductwork (AC), fan (B) centrifugal or axial type, WAS - exhaust shaft. If local exhaust ventilation device for catching dust emission removed from the shop air, before throwing it into the atmosphere, must be pre-cleared of dust. The most sophisticated exhaust systems are those which provide a very high degree of air purification from dust with the installation of a sequence of two or even three dust collectors (filter). Local exhaust ventilation is generally quite effective, as they allow to remove harmful substances from their place of education, or separation, preventing them from spreading in the room. Due to significant concentrations of hazardous substances (vapors, gases, dust), one can usually achieve good hygienic effect at a small volume of air exhausted. However, the local ventilation system can not solve all the problems facing the ventilation. Not all harmful emissions can be localized by these systems. For example, when harmful emissions are dispersed over a large area or volume flow of air in individual rooms can not provide the necessary conditions for air pollution. The same goes if work is performed on the entire area of ??the premises or the character associated with the movement, etc. Ventilation at all General exchange ventilation systems - both inlet and exhaust, are intended for ventilation of the premises in whole or in substantial part of it. General exchange exhaust systems are relatively evenly remove the air from all rooms served as the general exchange air supply system feeds air and distributes it throughout the volume of the ventilated room. General exchange forced ventilation is arranged for the assimilation of excess heat and moisture, diluting the concentration of harmful fumes and gases, not remote and local general exchange ventilation system, and to ensure payment standards and free breathing person in the work zone. With a negative energy balance, that is, with a lack of heat, general exchange forced ventilation satisfied with the mechanical drive and heated the total supply air. As a rule, before applying the air clean of dust. If you receive a harmful emissions into the air shop Intake air must be fully offset general exchange and local exhaust ventilation. The simplest type of general exchange ventilation is a separate fan (usually axial type) with an electric motor on one axis, located in a window or hole in the wall. This setup removes the air from the nearest to the fan zone areas, carrying only general ventilation. In some cases, setting a long exhaust duct. If the length of exhaust duct exceeds 30-40 m and, accordingly, the pressure loss in the network is more than 30-40 kg / sq.m., Instead of an axial fan is installed centrifugal fan. When harmful substances in the shop are heavy dust or fumes and no heat from the equipment, exhaust ducts laid on the floor or department operates as a clandestine channels. In commercial buildings where there are disparate adverse selection (heat, moisture, gases, fumes, dust, etc.), and their entry to the premises occur in various conditions (concentration, dispersed at various levels, etc.) often impossible to do any one system, such as local or general exchange. In such premises for the removal of harmful substances that can not be contained and comes into the air space, use of the general exchange exhaust systems. In certain cases, in the premises, along with mechanical ventilation systems, use of the system with a natural impulse, for example, the aeration system Types of fans among the main types of fans include: axial, centrifugal, window, ducted and ceiling fans. Exhaust axial fans are designed for direct (without duct) air removal from the premises through the holes, for example. 80, 100, 120, 150 mm. Fans are made of plastic and are installed on the ceiling and the wall. Thanks to a balanced impeller and low noise fan is suitable for office and residential premises as fully avtomatizatsii.Vypuskayutsya exhaust axial fans automatically opening the blinds. Low noise centrifugal fans are designed to remove air and smoke, either directly or through channels and ducts. Fans are made of plastic and mounted on the ceiling or wall. The composition of the fan includes a check valve. Special washable filter ensures uninterrupted operation of the engine. Anti-vibration strip of elastic material allows the fan on various surfaces. The simple design allows the fan to disassemble without tools. Low noise fan provides a wide range of applications. Exhaust window axial fans are designed for direct venting. Fans are made of plastic and are installed on the window glazing or panels. This - toilet, bathroom and kitchen. His pick up rate of 30 cubic meters. m / hour per "seat" and assign directly to where now adorns the air grille. And in order that the fan is not humming constantly, and is included only in the case, it is connected to light switches. Some fans are switched through the lace, but even better if this device is equipped with a timer. Then he started to work in a couple of minutes after you leave their homes. After working as a deadline (usually enough for 5-15 minutes), the fan turns off and will wait patiently for the next time. Price of a standard fan for the toilet is in the range of $ 20-40 for the device with a strap would have to lay $ 5-10 more, and finally, the presence of the timer increases the price by $ 15-25. And if the toilet has a common duct to the bathroom or kitchen, will not damage the check valve ($ 10), which prevents odors from a room to fall into the room. It is worth such a pleasure to $ 35-50, but if you do not feel sorry for another $ 30-35, set in a bathroom fan with a humidity controller. As soon as it exceeds a certain value, the fan will remove the moisture saturated air. And breathe easier, and no mirror zapoteet, and even the laundry in a tub dries much faster. His performance can be selected by multiplying the cubic content of food by 10 and subtracting the volume occupied by furniture. m per hour for each living soul. Find similar technique today is not the problem - it is sold in specialized firms, construction trade shows and even in shops. However, if you have dissociated ourselves from the streets of modern double-glazed windows and locked in a bulletproof door, then the conventional exhaust fans can not do. Since the air in your house almost does not penetrate, it is necessary to create a more complex ventilation system, such as those used for air supply in office buildings. In addition to a variety of fan is composed of mufflers (to the room was quiet) and heaters (in winter not to give cold air). But other than that the air must be cleaned using special filters and evenly disperse around the room through the vents. In addition to this there are plenty of all sorts of accessories: backward and fire dampers, intake grilles, etc. All these nodes are collected into a single system with flexible or rigid ductwork and placed in a suspended ceiling. This option is good that the ventilation system does not take place in the room. In addition, the various nodes can be removed from each other at a decent distance. And since all elements of modular ventilation systems are standardized, you can easily combine products from different manufacturers. The cost of the finished system, depending on the number and the area ventilated rooms can range from $ 600-700, up to tens of thousands. Pleasure is not cheap, but for the whole year no problems with fresh air. There is another option - buy a ready supply and exhaust setup. It's a bit more expensive but more practical. The device, designed for flat, usually has a size of no more than a suitcase, so it can fit on the mezzanine or the built-in closet. Sometimes, for it will organize a local decrease in false ceilings, for example, in the hallway or closet. Then in the other rooms ceiling will eat a minimum storage capacity - if only duct passed. If desired, you can do without any false ceilings, hidden in the duct runs along the walls of the decorative box.
Vitaly Lviv Fresh air is necessary for our lives. Every day we inhale 20.000 liters of air. We need natural air saturated with ozone, ions, and volatile production. Unfortunately, the majority provided for in the residential ventilation system does not provide the necessary for normal functioning of air. And at an open window, we get fumes, dust, noise, drafts and sudden temperature changes. In addition, many objects that surround us, often emit harmful to the healthy life of the substance. According to operating in Russia to date building codes, all buildings depending on their destination should be equipped with system of air or ventilation with certain parameters (air exchange, the amount of air exhausted from the room, etc.). Often the nature of the use of premises or wishes of the owner of premises, determines specific requirements for temperature and humidity of air quality. To fulfill such requirements is necessary to resort to the use of special systems for air treatment. In conventional dwellings by infiltration of outside air through leaks windows and fences always happens breathability. It is called the unorganized. Organized by the air is called ventilation. Characterize the amount of ventilation and air exchange. Volume of ventilation is the amount of air (m3), which comes into the room for an hour. The minimum collection rate of outdoor air into the room 30 m3 / h per adult and 20 m3 / h - on the child. Air exchange shows how many times an hour changing the air in the room. When the multiplicity of air less than 0.5 per hour a person experiences a sense of closeness in a residential area. In accordance with the requirements of existing regulations multiplicity of air in homes should be (in the living room) - 0,5-1,0; in kitchens - 3.0 fold return in an hour. But the air exchange is achieved, and by his conditioning. What's the difference? Ventilation - the exchange of indoor air to remove excess heat, moisture and other harmful substances in order to ensure acceptable weather conditions and air quality in the serviced or work area at an average Insecurity 400 hours per year - with round the clock work and 300 hours per year at one-shift operation in the daytime. And air conditioning - it's automatic maintenance indoors all or some of the air parameters (temperature, relative humidity, cleanliness, speed of movement) at a certain level in order to provide primarily the optimal weather conditions most favorable to the well-being of people of the process, safeguard the cultural values. Some consequences of poor ventilation in the room: - high humidity - unpleasant smells from the kitchen and bathrooms, which are constantly remain in the room - dead air - moisture - the feeling of a lack of fresh air in most cases, the "renovation of Soviet-style" begins with the installation of windows and good zadraivaniya all air vents. It's funny, but few people realize that Porush existing ventilation system, you can go without clean air. Knowledgeable people act differently. Even if the ventilation system does not pull, it does not break. Why, because the situation can be easily corrected with an inexpensive supply and exhaust fans that can significantly increase the efficiency of existing systems. The fact is, most residential and office buildings is provided with natural ventilation air currents. If it is not cleaned, the garbage accumulated in the duct begins to interfere with the normal circulation flow and the system stops working. If the air is to drive through the fan, it is enough even remaining in the duct lumen. In order to understand how cluttered the ventilation system in your home and what fans want, it is enough to bring a candle outlet in the kitchen, closet or bathroom. If the flame is deflected in the direction of the lattice, hence, the thrust is and can do simple fan. If the candle does not react to the proximity of air vent required "centrifugal" fan, which creates a higher pressure. The cost of such a device is 2-3 times higher, but if the duct thoroughly hammered by all sorts of rubbish, the standard "axial" fan just does not help. Naturally fresh air, natural ventilation of premises is determined by the temperature difference between outdoor and indoor air and the force of the wind. Wind pressure of the air has on one side of the building pressure will drive the air in the room and on the leeward side due to dilution sucks the air out of the room. Air depends on the type of building material wall of the building. Wood, brick well leak air. Concrete walls, paint them with oil paint, cement plaster significantly reduce breathability. In order to enhance natural ventilation have resorted to airing rooms through windows, vents, transoms. In order to enhance natural ventilation in the walls of houses pave the exhaust vents that open into the kitchen, bathroom and toilet. They end up on the roof-caps - vents to increase suction of air due to wind power. In the current housing system with an extract ventilation duct do not always ensure removal from the apartment air. Often there is also an adverse event as "breaking traction." In these cases through the vents in the room comes odors and dust, which creates the danger of dirt and infection from one apartment to another. To improve the air in homes can use electric fans to exhaust duct. Air movement in natural ventilation systems are: - due to the temperature difference between outdoor (ambient) air and indoor air, the so-called aeration - due to the pressure difference "column of air between the lower level (serviced accommodation) and the upper level - an exhaust device (baffle) installed on the roof of the building - convection - as a result of the impact of the so-called wind pressure. Aeration is used in workshops with considerable heat, if the concentration of dust and harmful gases in the supply air does not exceed 30% of the maximum permissible in the work zone. Aeration does not apply if the terms of production technology requires pretreatment of fresh air, or if the influx of outside air causes the formation of fog or condensation. Convection is applicable in areas with a large excess of warm air is always warmer than outside. Heavier outside air, entering the building, displaces it from the lighter warm air. At the same time in a confined space there is room air circulation caused by a heat source, such as the one which causes a fan - convection. In systems of natural ventilation in which air movement is created by the pressure difference the air column, the minimum difference in height between the level of the intake air from the room and its ejection through the deflector must be at least 3 meters. In this case, the recommended length of the horizontal sections of duct shall not exceed 3 m and the air velocity in ducts - not to exceed 1 m / sec. The impact of wind pressure is expressed in the fact that on the windward (facing the wind) side of the building is formed increased, and on the leeward side and sometimes on the roof - low blood pressure (vacuum). If the fence has openings of a building, then on the windward side of the air enters the room, and a dried up - comes out of it, and the speed of air movement in the openings depends on wind speed, blowing the building, and accordingly the values ??arising from the pressure difference. Natural ventilation systems are simple and do not require complex and expensive equipment and energy consumption. However, the dependence of the efficiency of these systems of variables (air temperature, wind speed and direction) and a small available pressure is not possible to solve with their help all the complex and diverse tasks in the field of ventilation. A fan in a new way in mechanical ventilation systems used equipment and appliances (fans, motors, heaters, dust collectors, automatic, etc.), allowing air to move over long distances. Electricity costs at their work can be quite large. Such systems can be and to remove air from the local area the premises in the required quantity, regardless of the changing conditions of the surrounding air. If necessary, the air is subjected to various kinds of processing (cleaning, heat, moisture, etc.), it is virtually impossible in systems with a natural impulse. It should be noted that in practice often involve so-called mixed ventilation, it is both natural and mechanical ventilation. In each specific project is determined by what type of ventilation is the best in the sanitary-hygienic respect, as well as technically and economically more sustainable. Local ventilation is called such, in which air is supplied to certain places (the local forced ventilation) and air pollution are removed only from the places of formation of harmful emissions (local exhaust ventilation). Local ventilation is less costly than the general exchange. In production areas in the allocation of pollutant (gas, moisture, heat, etc.) usually used a mixed system of ventilation - is common to eliminate hazards throughout the volume of the premises and the local (local pumps and flow), to service jobs. Go to the local ventilation include air showers (concentrated airflow at higher speeds). They should give clean air to permanent jobs, reduce their area ambient air temperature and the blow on workers exposed to intense heat exposure. Go to the local ventilation include air oasis - areas of premises, fenced off from the rest of mobile partition height 2-2.5 m, in which air is injected with a low temperature. Local forced ventilation is also used as an air curtain (at the gate, stoves, etc.) which create the air as if walls or change the direction of air flow. Hood with a scale exhaust ventilation removes from the premises (shops, housing) polluted or heated exhaust air. In general, the premises provides both the inlet of the ventilation system and exhaust system. Their performance must be balanced with the possibility of air in adjacent rooms or adjacent rooms. The premises may also be provided only exhaust or just the plenum ventilation system. In this case, air enters the premises from the outside or from adjacent rooms through special openings or removed from this room out, or overflows into the adjacent premises. As a plenum, and exhaust can get at the workplace (a local ventilation), or for the entire premises (general ventilation). Local exhaust ventilation is used when the place of harmful substances and secretions in the premises are located and can prevent their spread throughout the room. Local exhaust ventilation in industrial premises can capture and removal of harmful substances: gases, smoke, dust, and partially released from the equipment of heat. To remove harmful substances used local pumps (shelters in the form of cabinets, area, side suction, the veil, hiding in the form of casings at their machines, etc.) The basic requirements they must meet: - Place of harmful emissions as possible should be completely covered. - The design of local exhaust should be such that the suction does not interfere with normal work and did not reduce productivity. Adverse selection must be removed from their place of education in the direction of natural movement (the hot gases and vapors should be removed upwards, the cold heavy gas and dust - down). Construction of local suction conventionally divided into three groups: - Semi pumps (hoods). Volumes of air are determined by calculation. - Open type (on-board pumps). The extraction of harmful substances is achieved only at high volumes exhausted air. The main elements of the ventilation system with local suction pumps are local - the shelter (MO), suction ductwork (AC), fan (B) centrifugal or axial type, WAS - exhaust shaft. If local exhaust ventilation device for catching dust emission removed from the shop air, before throwing it into the atmosphere, must be pre-cleared of dust. The most sophisticated exhaust systems are those which provide a very high degree of air purification from dust with the installation of a sequence of two or even three dust collectors (filter). Local exhaust ventilation is generally quite effective, as they allow to remove harmful substances from their place of education, or separation, preventing them from spreading in the room. Due to significant concentrations of hazardous substances (vapors, gases, dust), one can usually achieve good hygienic effect at a small volume of air exhausted. However, the local ventilation system can not solve all the problems facing the ventilation. Not all harmful emissions can be localized by these systems. For example, when harmful emissions are dispersed over a large area or volume flow of air in individual rooms can not provide the necessary conditions for air pollution. The same goes if work is performed on the entire area of ??the premises or the character associated with the movement, etc. Ventilation at all General exchange ventilation systems - both inlet and exhaust, are intended for ventilation of the premises in whole or in substantial part of it. General exchange exhaust systems are relatively evenly remove the air from all rooms served as the general exchange air supply system feeds air and distributes it throughout the volume of the ventilated room. General exchange forced ventilation is arranged for the assimilation of excess heat and moisture, diluting the concentration of harmful fumes and gases, not remote and local general exchange ventilation system, and to ensure payment standards and free breathing person in the work zone. With a negative energy balance, that is, with a lack of heat, general exchange forced ventilation satisfied with the mechanical drive and heated the total supply air. As a rule, before applying the air clean of dust. If you receive a harmful emissions into the air shop Intake air must be fully offset general exchange and local exhaust ventilation. The simplest type of general exchange ventilation is a separate fan (usually axial type) with an electric motor on one axis, located in a window or hole in the wall. This setup removes the air from the nearest to the fan zone areas, carrying only general ventilation. In some cases, setting a long exhaust duct. If the length of exhaust duct exceeds 30-40 m and, accordingly, the pressure loss in the network is more than 30-40 kg / sq.m., Instead of an axial fan is installed centrifugal fan. When harmful substances in the shop are heavy dust or fumes and no heat from the equipment, exhaust ducts laid on the floor or department operates as a clandestine channels. In commercial buildings where there are disparate adverse selection (heat, moisture, gases, fumes, dust, etc.), and their entry to the premises occur in various conditions (concentration, dispersed at various levels, etc.) often impossible to do any one system, such as local or general exchange. In such premises for the removal of harmful substances that can not be contained and comes into the air space, use of the general exchange exhaust systems. In certain cases, in the premises, along with mechanical ventilation systems, use of the system with a natural impulse, for example, the aeration system Types of fans among the main types of fans include: axial, centrifugal, window, ducted and ceiling fans. Exhaust axial fans are designed for direct (without duct) air removal from the premises through the holes, for example. 80, 100, 120, 150 mm. Fans are made of plastic and are installed on the ceiling and the wall. Thanks to a balanced impeller and low noise fan is suitable for office and residential premises as fully avtomatizatsii.Vypuskayutsya exhaust axial fans automatically opening the blinds. Low noise centrifugal fans are designed to remove air and smoke, either directly or through channels and ducts. Fans are made of plastic and mounted on the ceiling or wall. The composition of the fan includes a check valve. Special washable filter ensures uninterrupted operation of the engine. Anti-vibration strip of elastic material allows the fan on various surfaces. The simple design allows the fan to disassemble without tools. Low noise fan provides a wide range of applications. Exhaust window axial fans are designed for direct venting. Fans are made of plastic and are installed on the window glazing or panels. Anti-vibration pad prevents the spread of vibration from the operating equipment. Construction of the outer lattice provides protection from precipitation. Produced a model with automatic and manual opening-closing shutters, as well as adapted for use in environments with high humidity levels. Axial duct fans are designed to move air over short channels or to increase the pressure in the ducts. Fans are executed in the splash-proof design. Housing is made of thermoplastic impeller made of polypropylene. In some models, provides current protection and thermal protection. Due to the low power consumption, balanced impeller and low noise fan is suitable for use in offices and homes. Reversible ceiling fans are designed to create mobility and mixing of air in residential and industrial areas. Fans are made of aluminum. The form of the blades meet the requirements of aerodynamics to move large quantities of air at low speed. The fan is equipped with external rotor motor on ball bearings, which allows you to change the direction of air flow (reversal). Ceiling fans ososcheny additional equipment a five remote control, remote control and adapter for low ceilings. Home, family in any apartment has at least three places where the presence of the fan will not be superfluous. This - toilet, bathroom and kitchen. Let's start from the beginning. If the ventilation system is not entirely dead in the bathroom will be easy enough exhaust fan. His pick up rate of 30 cubic meters. m / hour per "seat" and assign directly to where now adorns the air grille. And in order that the fan is not humming constantly, and is included only in the case, it is connected to light switches. Some fans are switched through the lace, but even better if this device is equipped with a timer. Then he started to work in a couple of minutes after you leave their homes. After working as a deadline (usually enough for 5-15 minutes), the fan turns off and will wait patiently for the next time. Price of a standard fan for the toilet is in the range of $ 20-40 for the device with a strap would have to lay $ 5-10 more, and finally, the presence of the timer increases the price by $ 15-25. And if the toilet has a common duct to the bathroom or kitchen, will not damage the check valve ($ 10), which prevents odors from a room to fall into the room. The bathroom is best to set the fan in the splash-proof design - and short-circuit does not happen, and the water in the duct will not fall. It is worth such a pleasure to $ 35-50, but if you do not feel sorry for another $ 30-35, set in a bathroom fan with a humidity controller. As soon as it exceeds a certain value, the fan will remove the moisture saturated air. And breathe easier, and no mirror zapoteet, and even the laundry in a tub dries much faster. The kitchen is a need in the air above, and therefore require a more powerful fan than a bathroom or closet. His performance can be selected by multiplying the cubic content of food by 10 and subtracting the volume occupied by furniture. That is, for the 6 - meter dishes need to fan the issuing of 120-180 cubic meters per hour, and for 10 m - 220-300 cubic meters per hour. And unlike the bathroom and toilet in the kitchen can be organized not only the hood, but the inflow, which uses fans plug directly into okno.Standartny window fan costs $ 50-55, but the presence of additional amenities: lace, humidity controller, occupancy sensor, timer may increase the price to $ 150-200. Sometimes the vent and living rooms, the only difference from the kitchen when selecting the fan volume of the room does not multiply by 10 and 3. Sometimes do in other ways, buying a unit rate of 30 cubic meters. m per hour for each living soul. Find similar technique today is not the problem - it is sold in specialized firms, construction trade shows and even in shops. However, if you have dissociated ourselves from the streets of modern double-glazed windows and locked in a bulletproof door, then the conventional exhaust fans can not do. Since the air in your house almost does not penetrate, it is necessary to create a more complex ventilation system, such as those used for air supply in office buildings. Currently the most widely used version using modular ventilation system, built on the principle designer. In addition to a variety of fan is composed of mufflers (to the room was quiet) and heaters (in winter not to give cold air). But other than that the air must be cleaned using special filters and evenly disperse around the room through the vents. In addition to this there are plenty of all sorts of accessories: backward and fire dampers, intake grilles, etc. All these nodes are collected into a single system with flexible or rigid ductwork and placed in a suspended ceiling. This option is good that the ventilation system does not take place in the room. In addition, the various nodes can be removed from each other at a decent distance. And since all elements of modular ventilation systems are standardized, you can easily combine products from different manufacturers. The cost of the finished system, depending on the number and the area ventilated rooms can range from $ 600-700, up to tens of thousands. Pleasure is not cheap, but for the whole year no problems with fresh air. There is another option - buy a ready supply and exhaust setup. It's a bit more expensive but more practical. The device, designed for flat, usually has a size of no more than a suitcase, so it can fit on the mezzanine or the built-in closet. Sometimes, for it will organize a local decrease in false ceilings, for example, in the hallway or closet. Then in the other rooms ceiling will eat a minimum storage capacity - if only duct passed. If desired, you can do without any false ceilings, hidden in the duct runs along the walls of the decorative box. A small "pritochka", designed for a single room can cost $ 700-1500, and the installation, giving the oxygen of an entire apartment or office, will cost $ 6000-10000 and more.
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