Vitaly Lviv If you do how long a business, your manner of speaking will certainly change the professional jargon, incomprehensible to the uninitiated. Especially when the cause and which you do not one hundred years. These sailors had never rung a bell, but only a bell and call a ladder ladder. Here and masons have something to surprise the casual listener. Imagine that you have witnessed the following conversation: "spread-ka, a friend, bed of mortar on the bed for a number of outdoor mile Stretcher bond. Like it is in Russian said, but agree that this gibberish. And yet, everything is simple. But let's start from the beginning. Each face brick has its own special name. The two largest area faces, located on both sides, called a bed. Of brick, in most cases is placed on the solution. The long sides are called the spoons, and short blows. Only in rare cases Stretcher bond brick laid on edge, for example for the manufacture of moldings, or extremely thin walls. Speaking about the thickness of masonry, usually explain that it is laid out in a half-brick, one, two or three bricks. Bricks are laid along the long side walls, forming a half-brick masonry. As part of a complex series of masonry bricks called Stretcher bond series. If the brick is laid across the long side walls, a number will be called perpender. Versts called extreme rows of brick, which form the surface of the masonry. Located a mile from the front are called external, and addressed to the premises - inside. All the bricks are laid between the inner and outer versts, called zabutovochnymi bricks or backing. They say that knowing the linear dimensions of some common items helpful. In this case, say, a matchbox or a pack of cigarettes, helps to measure something in the field conditions. If you do not smoke, and in the hands of anything but brick was not - remember these three numbers 250h120h65 - the size of a standard brick in millimeters. Builders in many cases such a big brick is not needed. In order to create certain types of works, such as devices piers, junctions and intersections of walls, construction of pillars required nepolnomernye bricks: Quartet, halved and trehchetvertki. By title you can guess their size relative to a brick. More recently, for the manufacture of complex architectural elements eaves, rounded columns, pilasters used exactly the same methods of preparation of blanks. This process was very time-consuming, and many of the bricks after such treatment were good only in order to draw on the asphalt. Today, many manufacturers of brick, both domestic and foreign offer many different types of curly, curved bricks. This is a real palette for creativity, allowing even an inexperienced newcomer to the craft of brick to aim a blow at creating their own masterpiece. However, today we will speak of the creation of brickwork, and its protection against various ills. Delicate brick Ceramic bricks, as is known, consists of clay with the addition of sand and lime - sand and binder component of lime. After forming the components of ceramic bricks pressure welded to the high-temperature furnace. Sand-lime brick firing is not exposed, the technology of its production involves steaming sand-lime mixture. But in fact, and in another case, the "body" brick is far from monolithic, by virtue of which have dried building material retains the ability to absorb moisture, which under unfavorable conditions can lead to the destruction not only walls, but also of the masonry. By the ability to absorb moisture bricks strife: this difference is connected with such of its characteristics as water absorption, which, in turn, is linked to frost resistance - the ability to retain mechanical strength after a certain number of cycles of freezing and thawing. For example, if we compare the ceramic and calcium silicate bricks, the ability to absorb moisture from sand-lime brick is much higher. Brick absorbs moisture, and that, condensing and freezing, and destroys it from within. And there should be caution against the gross error of those who believe that the brick-box house under construction is useful to spend the winter without finishing. It is very likely that as a result of weathering, which bricks in principle is not intended, it will begin to crumble. Indeed, under normal operating conditions of the building bricks warm inside the house and the outside is protected by a plaster or some other facing material (at least the same facing bricks, which measure water absorption is lower and the frost resistance - above). Therefore, if by virtue of any circumstances to suspend construction for the winter, the walls - in order to save them - obkladyvaetsya insulation. Of course, in this case is also required protection from precipitation. The latter will be far from over and throughout the construction period. Protection of the brick building from the weather - a measure that helps prevent and such devastating effect, as efflorescence. Whitish erosions on the brick facades are formed by wet brick with subsequent drying. Speakers at the surface of the salt contained in rich shales of the Cambrian, and in mortars, and in the latter case, the use in the winter of special additives that inhibit the freezing of the solution, increases the likelihood of efflorescence. Efflorescence not only detracts from the appearance of the building - plaster surfaces affected by those coming off as easily as a layer of paint. It is believed that some salts accumulate within the bricks in the form of ever-growing crystals, can also destroy the very brickwork. In the case of calcium silicate bricks such a "fifth column" can make the particles of quicklime, which under the influence of moisture swell and explode, forming, at best, the wells and Shcherbina on a brick surface. One of the tools to help protect the bricks from the excessive moisture is the treatment of its hydrophobic compounds - the technology is rarely used in domestic construction practice. In this situation, the easiest and most effective way to preserve the "health" masonry - cover it in the process of building waterproof materials and do not give a brick "to go under the snow." Further protective function will assume the lining materials. Paint as a way of giving a new image of an old brick building One of the reasons that brick is chosen as the outer wall material, is that the color - an integral part thereof. Nevertheless, it does not take away your ability to change color in order to give the building a fresh new look. Like most other exterior building materials, bricks can be painted with excellent results, provided the proper surface preparation and using high quality paint. Unfortunately, few owners and managers of buildings are aware of this. They believe that the brick will be painted, since this leads to cracking, peeling and other defects. Specialists of the Institute of Quality Paints (ICC) company Rohm and Haas deal with testing of paints for over 40 years. According to them, for high quality and long lasting color brick should observe the following rules: surface preparation, the right choice of paint and method of its application. Surface Preparation - the key to success when painting brick surface preparation is important to the same extent as for other exterior building materials. According to experts of the ICC, in the preparation of the surface of the old unpainted brick must first find traces of salting. Salting is a white deposit on the brick surface, which may adversely affect the properties of paint. Salting-out salt is formed, which show through the surface between the joints of the brickwork or mortar and prevent the adhesion of paint. If you stood out salt is not removed, they can spoil the whole decoration. Surfaces must be cleaned from efflorescence of clean water and a stiff wire brush, then rinse thoroughly with the top down to remove dirt and loose surface particles. Salting-out indicates the presence of moisture under the surface layer. ICC recommends in this regard to identify and eliminate its source. You should check all the possible pathways of water and fix leaks or condensation, which results in moisture can penetrate into the masonry. In such cases, you may need to repair waterproofing caulk and / or defective joints filled with mortar. Should carefully check the wall caps, roof, gutters and downspouts. Existing cracks should also be repaired, such as silicone. It is recommended to use acrylic or silicone sealants, water-based, which are easily applied and painted, and which have the lowest rates of shrinkage and good stain-resistant properties. Excessively porous brick should pressurize. Brick, especially the old and weathered, can have high porosity and quickly absorb moisture. To avoid this, the surface should be primed with a sealing compound for brickwork. Thanks to the paint sealant will be absorbed evenly and look more uniform in color and tone. Acrylic latex sealant compositions are well suited thanks to the reliable adhesion to the brick surface. Use of the sealant will also help to reduce the salting-out with seepage of moisture through the masonry. If the wet and located in the shadow of the brick appeared moss, experts advised the ICC to use conventional herbicides. Before applying the herbicide should be moistened with clean water so that the drug is absorbed into it, because chemical compounds in herbicides contain soluble substances that can contribute to salting out or enter into undesirable reactions with the paint. After application, remove the drug with a stiff brush and rinse the wall. If the brick has been previously painted, the surface preparation should perform a number of operations. Mold must be completely removed with an aqueous solution of bleach in a ratio of one to three, and the surface thoroughly with clean water. Flaked, cracked, peeling, or swollen paint should be removed with a wire brush or mechanical flushing. Since the swelling, like salting, may be due to the presence of masonry water, determine the source of her hits and take appropriate action. Speaking about the choice of colors, ICC recommends that you use high quality 100% acrylic latex paint for several reasons, one of which is constant. Applied to the outer layer of brick paint must be able to "breathe", ie skip moisture, which is in the brick wall outside, and not to detain her under the film. Unlike oil, latex paints generally provide a constant. Acrylic paints are resistant to alkaline corrosion. Resistance to alkaline corrosion is the second most important reason for which recommend the use of 100% acrylic paint nye. Alkalinity of the surface of the wall may have a significant impact on the durability and performance of the paint. Although the bricks are usually chemically neutral, the solution of brickwork can be alkaline. This means that if you use fresh solution to repair or replace missing or shook the bricks you should wait at least a month before painting so that the alkalinity is lowered. Damage less than a year ago, the mortar can be caustic and cause a "burning" or the deterioration of the binder ordinary paint, followed by salting, as well as cracking and separation. Nevertheless, high-quality paint, manufactured from 100% acrylic adhesive, resistant to high pH values, which allows the painting once again caused the mortar after 30 days. If the paint must be applied before this date, you should use resistant to alkali construction primer. The new mortar is also more prone to salting-out, which can penetrate through the film ordinary latex paint and spoil the finish. High-quality latex paints for exterior coating creates a barrier that prevents the penetration of salts through the film and thus prevent the deterioration of appearance, which is an additional advantage in comparison with cheaper "ordinary" paints. In general, despite the fact that high-quality latex paint for exterior coatings are more expensive than conventional latex paints, over time they will last longer maintain the look and saves time and money because there will be no need for frequent repairs. Defects in masonry and demolition main causes deformation and damage to the brick walls are: the design and manufacturing errors, and poor quality design and inadequate maintenance. Depending on the state of stress of masonry are four stages of its work. The first stage corresponds to the stress, not create occurrences in the masonry damage, the second stage there are minor hair cracks in the individual bricks. In the third stage, when the load increases, cracks, combined with each other and with vertical seaming, foliate laying on some seams. At the fourth stage, the destruction of the masonry. At the stage of identifying the causes of strain in the masonry is extremely important to assess the quality of completed masonry - grouting solution, compliance horizontality, the thickness of the seams and their dressings. Dismantling of masonry structures performed manually, using hand-held machines, mechanized or explosive way. Manual disassembly requires more manual labor, so the dismantling of brick and rubble concrete structures manually perform only small amounts of work and in cases where other methods can not be used. When manually dismantling the brickwork, folded in solutions of low grades, use the following tools: crowbars and pickaxes. Disassembly are horizontal rows, starting from the top wall. Obtained by disassembling and purified from the solution by a brick immersed closed down chutes. When disassembling the clutch, made on solid solutions used boaster, wedges, hammer, etc. Demolition series of masonry is by plugging in a masonry hammer boaster or wedges. More efficient use for this purpose pneumatic or electric hammer, equipped with a flat shovel. To disassemble the rubble or rubble concrete masonry foundation walls and use a pick, crowbar, hammer and wedges. Disassembly is a link of two workers. One worker with the holder holds the wedge and the second with a sledge hammer hammers a wedge into the seam of masonry. Weathering of joints to a considerable depth affects thermal properties of brick masonry by 10-15%, and reduces to 15% of its carrying capacity. This defect can be eliminated by strengthening the joints with cement mortar. Jumpers with single cracks reduced by forcing them into a liquid or polymer cement mortar. When repairing the arch bridges with them at first remove the load from the floor, and then completely shifted. When repairs are canted and ordinary jumpers to increase by liner of steel or reinforced concrete beams. The appearance of cracks under the supports of beams and girders superimposed local produce replacement parts masonry or reinforced concrete linings summing junction plate, before it is installed under the first floor beams sum temporary fasteners, which put on all floors is strictly vertical. How to increase the carrying capacity of the brick walls need to strengthen the walls occurs in the reconstruction of old buildings where masonry is the time not able to take the load. Strengthening of the walls is made by injecting pressurized melkodisperstnyh cement-based compositions. Within the walls that need to be strengthened drilled wells throughout the area 22-25 mm in diameter, and then drilled a hole injectors installed, after which the injection of masonry special structures.
Vitaly Lviv If you do how long a business, your manner of speaking will certainly change the professional jargon, incomprehensible to the uninitiated. Especially when the cause and which you do not one hundred years. These sailors had never rung a bell, but only a bell and call a ladder ladder. Here and masons have something to surprise the casual listener. Imagine that you have witnessed the following conversation: "spread-ka, a friend, bed of mortar on the bed for a number of outdoor mile Stretcher bond. Like it is in Russian said, but agree that this gibberish. And yet, everything is simple. But let's start from the beginning. Each face brick has its own special name. The two largest area faces, located on both sides, called a bed. Of brick, in most cases is placed on the solution. The long sides are called the spoons, and short blows. Only in rare cases Stretcher bond brick laid on edge, for example for the manufacture of moldings, or extremely thin walls. Speaking about the thickness of masonry, usually explain that it is laid out in a half-brick, one, two or three bricks. Bricks are laid along the long side walls, forming a half-brick masonry. As part of a complex series of masonry bricks called Stretcher bond series. If the brick is laid across the long side walls, a number will be called perpender. Versts called extreme rows of brick, which form the surface of the masonry. Located a mile from the front are called external, and addressed to the premises - inside. All the bricks are laid between the inner and outer versts, called zabutovochnymi bricks or backing. They say that knowing the linear dimensions of some common items helpful. In this case, say, a matchbox or a pack of cigarettes, helps to measure something in the field conditions. If you do not smoke, and in the hands of anything but brick was not - remember these three numbers 250h120h65 - the size of a standard brick in millimeters. Builders in many cases such a big brick is not needed. In order to create certain types of works, such as devices piers, junctions and intersections of walls, construction of pillars required nepolnomernye bricks: Quartet, halved and trehchetvertki. By title you can guess their size relative to a brick. More recently, for the manufacture of complex architectural elements eaves, rounded columns, pilasters used exactly the same methods of preparation of blanks. This process was very time-consuming, and many of the bricks after such treatment were good only in order to draw on the asphalt. Today, many manufacturers of brick, both domestic and foreign offer many different types of curly, curved bricks. This is a real palette for creativity, allowing even an inexperienced newcomer to the craft of brick to aim a blow at creating their own masterpiece. However, today we will speak of the creation of brickwork, and its protection against various ills. Delicate brick Ceramic bricks, as is known, consists of clay with the addition of sand and lime - sand and binder component of lime. After forming the components of ceramic bricks pressure welded to the high-temperature furnace. Sand-lime brick firing is not exposed, the technology of its production involves steaming sand-lime mixture. But in fact, and in another case, the "body" brick is far from monolithic, by virtue of which have dried building material retains the ability to absorb moisture, which under unfavorable conditions can lead to the destruction not only walls, but also of the masonry. By the ability to absorb moisture bricks strife: this difference is connected with such of its characteristics as water absorption, which, in turn, is linked to frost resistance - the ability to retain mechanical strength after a certain number of cycles of freezing and thawing. For example, if we compare the ceramic and calcium silicate bricks, the ability to absorb moisture from sand-lime brick is much higher. Brick absorbs moisture, and that, condensing and freezing, and destroys it from within. And there should be caution against the gross error of those who believe that the brick-box house under construction is useful to spend the winter without finishing. It is very likely that as a result of weathering, which bricks in principle is not intended, it will begin to crumble. Indeed, under normal operating conditions of the building bricks warm inside the house and the outside is protected by a plaster or some other facing material (at least the same facing bricks, which measure water absorption is lower and the frost resistance - above). Therefore, if by virtue of any circumstances to suspend construction for the winter, the walls - in order to save them - obkladyvaetsya insulation. Of course, in this case is also required protection from precipitation. The latter will be far from over and throughout the construction period. Protection of the brick building from the weather - a measure that helps prevent and such devastating effect, as efflorescence. Whitish erosions on the brick facades are formed by wet brick with subsequent drying. Speakers at the surface of the salt contained in rich shales of the Cambrian, and in mortars, and in the latter case, the use in the winter of special additives that inhibit the freezing of the solution, increases the likelihood of efflorescence. Efflorescence not only detracts from the appearance of the building - plaster surfaces affected by those coming off as easily as a layer of paint. It is believed that some salts accumulate within the bricks in the form of ever-growing crystals, can also destroy the very brickwork. In the case of calcium silicate bricks such a "fifth column" can make the particles of quicklime, which under the influence of moisture swell and explode, forming, at best, the wells and Shcherbina on a brick surface. One of the tools to help protect the bricks from the excessive moisture is the treatment of its hydrophobic compounds - the technology is rarely used in domestic construction practice. In this situation, the easiest and most effective way to preserve the "health" masonry - cover it in the process of building waterproof materials and do not give a brick "to go under the snow." Further protective function will assume the lining materials. Paint as a way of giving a new image of an old brick building One of the reasons that brick is chosen as the outer wall material, is that the color - an integral part thereof. Nevertheless, it does not take away your ability to change color in order to give the building a fresh new look. Like most other exterior building materials, bricks can be painted with excellent results, provided the proper surface preparation and using high quality paint. Unfortunately, few owners and managers of buildings are aware of this. They believe that the brick will be painted, since this leads to cracking, peeling and other defects. Specialists of the Institute of Quality Paints (ICC) company Rohm and Haas deal with testing of paints for over 40 years. According to them, for high quality and long lasting color brick should observe the following rules: surface preparation, the right choice of paint and method of its application. Surface Preparation - the key to success when painting brick surface preparation is important to the same extent as for other exterior building materials. According to experts of the ICC, in the preparation of the surface of the old unpainted brick must first find traces of salting. Salting is a white deposit on the brick surface, which may adversely affect the properties of paint. Salting-out salt is formed, which show through the surface between the joints of the brickwork or mortar and prevent the adhesion of paint. If you stood out salt is not removed, they can spoil the whole decoration. Surfaces must be cleaned from efflorescence of clean water and a stiff wire brush, then rinse thoroughly with the top down to remove dirt and loose surface particles. Salting-out indicates the presence of moisture under the surface layer. ICC recommends in this regard to identify and eliminate its source. You should check all the possible pathways of water and fix leaks or condensation, which results in moisture can penetrate into the masonry. In such cases, you may need to repair waterproofing caulk and / or defective joints filled with mortar. Should carefully check the wall caps, roof, gutters and downspouts. Existing cracks should also be repaired, such as silicone. It is recommended to use acrylic or silicone sealants, water-based, which are easily applied and painted, and which have the lowest rates of shrinkage and good stain-resistant properties. Excessively porous brick should pressurize. Brick, especially the old and weathered, can have high porosity and quickly absorb moisture. To avoid this, the surface should be primed with a sealing compound for brickwork. Thanks to the paint sealant will be absorbed evenly and look more uniform in color and tone. Acrylic latex sealant compositions are well suited thanks to the reliable adhesion to the brick surface. Use of the sealant will also help to reduce the salting-out with seepage of moisture through the masonry. If the wet and located in the shadow of the brick appeared moss, experts advised the ICC to use conventional herbicides. Before applying the herbicide should be moistened with clean water so that the drug is absorbed into it, because chemical compounds in herbicides contain soluble substances that can contribute to salting out or enter into undesirable reactions with the paint. After application, remove the drug with a stiff brush and rinse the wall. If the brick has been previously painted, the surface preparation should perform a number of operations. Mold must be completely removed with an aqueous solution of bleach in a ratio of one to three, and the surface thoroughly with clean water. Flaked, cracked, peeling, or swollen paint should be removed with a wire brush or mechanical flushing. Since the swelling, like salting, may be due to the presence of masonry water, determine the source of her hits and take appropriate action. Speaking about the choice of colors, ICC recommends that you use high quality 100% acrylic latex paint for several reasons, one of which is constant. Applied to the outer layer of brick paint must be able to "breathe", ie skip moisture, which is in the brick wall outside, and not to detain her under the film. Unlike oil, latex paints generally provide a constant. Acrylic paints are resistant to alkaline corrosion. Resistance to alkaline corrosion is the second most important reason for which recommend the use of 100% acrylic paint nye. Alkalinity of the surface of the wall may have a significant impact on the durability and performance of the paint. Although the bricks are usually chemically neutral, the solution of brickwork can be alkaline. This means that if you use fresh solution to repair or replace missing or shook the bricks you should wait at least a month before painting so that the alkalinity is lowered. Damage less than a year ago, the mortar can be caustic and cause a "burning" or the deterioration of the binder ordinary paint, followed by salting, as well as cracking and separation. Nevertheless, high-quality paint, manufactured from 100% acrylic adhesive, resistant to high pH values, which allows the painting once again caused the mortar after 30 days. If the paint must be applied before this date, you should use resistant to alkali construction primer. The new mortar is also more prone to salting-out, which can penetrate through the film ordinary latex paint and spoil the finish. High-quality latex paints for exterior coating creates a barrier that prevents the penetration of salts through the film and thus prevent the deterioration of appearance, which is an additional advantage in comparison with cheaper "ordinary" paints. In general, despite the fact that high-quality latex paint for exterior coatings are more expensive than conventional latex paints, over time they will last longer maintain the look and saves time and money because there will be no need for frequent repairs. Defects in masonry and demolition main causes deformation and damage to the brick walls are: the design and manufacturing errors, and poor quality design and inadequate maintenance. Depending on the state of stress of masonry are four stages of its work. The first stage corresponds to the stress, not create occurrences in the masonry damage, the second stage there are minor hair cracks in the individual bricks. In the third stage, when the load increases, cracks, combined with each other and with vertical seaming, foliate laying on some seams. At the fourth stage, the destruction of the masonry. At the stage of identifying the causes of strain in the masonry is extremely important to assess the quality of completed masonry - grouting solution, compliance horizontality, the thickness of the seams and their dressings. Dismantling of masonry structures performed manually, using hand-held machines, mechanized or explosive way. Manual disassembly requires more manual labor, so the dismantling of brick and rubble concrete structures manually perform only small amounts of work and in cases where other methods can not be used. When manually dismantling the brickwork, folded in solutions of low grades, use the following tools: crowbars and pickaxes. Disassembly are horizontal rows, starting from the top wall. Obtained by disassembling and purified from the solution by a brick immersed closed down chutes. When disassembling the clutch, made on solid solutions used boaster, wedges, hammer, etc. Demolition series of masonry is by plugging in a masonry hammer boaster or wedges. More efficient use for this purpose pneumatic or electric hammer, equipped with a flat shovel. To disassemble the rubble or rubble concrete masonry foundation walls and use a pick, crowbar, hammer and wedges. Disassembly is a link of two workers. One worker with the holder holds the wedge and the second with a sledge hammer hammers a wedge into the seam of masonry. Weathering of joints to a considerable depth affects thermal properties of brick masonry by 10-15%, and reduces to 15% of its carrying capacity. This defect can be eliminated by strengthening the joints with cement mortar. Jumpers with single cracks reduced by forcing them into a liquid or polymer cement mortar. When repairing the arch bridges with them at first remove the load from the floor, and then completely shifted. When repairs are canted and ordinary jumpers to increase by liner of steel or reinforced concrete beams. The appearance of cracks under the supports of beams and girders superimposed local produce replacement parts masonry or reinforced concrete linings summing junction plate, before it is installed under the first floor beams sum temporary fasteners, which put on all floors is strictly vertical. How to increase the carrying capacity of the brick walls need to strengthen the walls occurs in the reconstruction of old buildings where masonry is the time not able to take the load. Strengthening of the walls is made by injecting pressurized melkodisperstnyh cement-based compositions. Within the walls that need to be strengthened drilled wells throughout the area 22-25 mm in diameter, and then drilled a hole injectors installed, after which the injection of masonry special structures. After this building stops destruction and increases the load capacity of walls. Recovery processes and increase the bearing capacity of masonry walls by conventional methods (reinforced concrete T-shirts, clips, etc.) associated with a number of problems arising from the necessity of perception underlying structures and bases of foundations additional loads on the mass input into the design of concrete reinforcing fibers. Thus, when two-sided reinforced concrete jacket with a layer thickness of 5 cm extra weight on 1 sq. km. m amplified wall is 250 kg. The disadvantages of these methods may also include their high consumption of materials, busy, a decrease in the purity of the internal dimensions of rooms, etc. The essence of the proposed in 1996 by "Evrokonstrakshn" new way to improve the bearing capacity of masonry walls with low masonry mortar is used in the peripheral substitution in the horizontal joints of masonry of the existing solution on the polymer, for superior adhesion and cohesion properties of similar figures brickwork. The undoubted advantage of this method along with considerable savings in materials and labor is the possibility of repair and restoration activities without increasing the mass of the wall without reducing the internal dimensions of the premises. This method was carried out amplification of the reference section of brickwork with development of the technology of works on site during the reconstruction branch of the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow. Experimental and theoretical studies of the effectiveness of the proposed method of strengthening masonry walls, it was found that peripheral replacement of masonry mortar in the polymer (at a depth of 12 cm) in the horizontal joints of masonry increases the bearing capacity of reinforced specimens compared with the control by 40-50%. Large-scale testing of samples preceded the definition of strength and adhesion properties of the materials used according to current state standards. Analysis of the results of studies of cohesive properties of the materials showed a significant increase in the strength characteristics of polymer-modified cement mortar with respect to the various types of loading. Moreover, in accordance with the results of numerous authors, the greatest effect (increase in strength) is observed when exposed to tensile stress as a central-axial and bending. Along with the investigations of strength characteristics of the materials used to determine the adhesive properties were tested small-scale samples, composed of two bricks with a cement or polymer layer, the effects of various types of loads. These data indicate a significant increase in fracture stresses in the samples with polymer layer as compared with the cement, which is undoubtedly due to the high adhesion properties of the polymer. On scientific and experimental base TbilZNIIEP in 1998 carried out an experimental study of the efficiency gain by the brick walls of the peripheral replacement masonry mortar in the polymer not only in horizontal but also vertical joints of masonry. Masonry samples was carried out with ceramic bricks of plastic molding grade "75", thickness of mortar joints 10-12 mm. In samples of series I (1 and 2) first formed vertical cracks on the top end of the sample. With increasing load, along with the development of these new cracks appeared parallel to the previous one, uniformly distributed over the faces of the samples. The final destruction took place on the development and merger of these cracks. Cracks in all amplified samples begins with the appearance of individual cracks in their middle third of the height, not reaching the top and bottom faces. This can be explained by the influence of internal spacers efforts resulting from low strength and high deformability of the inner core unamplified in masonry with deliberately weak cement mortar. Maximum deformability under compression had unamplified control sample. Deformability of normal control samples under compression and tension is much higher than the same rates of samples amplified in different ways. Obviously, the bricks, even though that is considered one of the strongest building materials, nuzhnaetsya of constant protection.
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