Types of brick

In terms of composition and method of manufacturing brick is divided into two groups - the clay and calcium silicate. Ceramic brick is produced by firing clay and mixtures thereof. Sand-lime brick - consists of approximately 90% sand, 10% lime and a small proportion of additives. Mixture is sent to the autoclave, and not in the kiln, as is the case with a ceramic brick. If you add pigments, you can get calcium silicate bricks of almost any color - blue, green, raspberry, violet. According to the logic of a glossary, a brick - it's baked clay brick. But then silicate (ie, no clay) brick - and not a brick at all, but a solid material similar to it in form. By the way, so it is: these two materials have different guests, and builders are very well carried out between the border. Thus, we mainly consider a ceramic brick, because he is the real bricks (and a dictionary, and according to the GOST). What a brick - for what? purpose ceramic brick is divided into ordinary (aka building) and personal (he is facing, tiling, decoration, facade). Of special note is the baking bricks. Ordinary brick used for the internal rows of masonry or external series, but with subsequent plaster. Ordinary brick can have on the side of the bulged geometric pattern (for better grip with plaster solution). Facing brick - a uniform color, has two smooth, flat front surface (the so-called "poke" and "stretcher"). It is usually hollow (ie, its "body" a lot of voids, making the wall of a brick "warm"). By lining is also textured brick (with a relief pattern face) and shaped (or shaped, profile) for laying of complex shapes: arches, columns, etc. Baking bricks come in different sizes (even with the palm). Sometimes it is done with the terrain. For the combustion of the fireplaces use fireclay brick made of refractory clay at temperatures above 1000 ° C. Fireclay brick has a sand-yellow color and grain structure. So when buying a brick important to know what you actually buy it. And do not mix! And then attracted by "Lovely" and lay face brick wall instead of the ordinary. And then computed the costs and wept. Or, conversely, want to save money and oblitsuete ordinary brick house. But then the house will not look very nice. Appearance Our brick "smart" dimensions: 250 x 120 x 65 mm. The builder is convenient to take with one hand. At length laid two bricks in width, plus a centimeter on the seam. But the thickness can vary. And then the bricks are named: single (65 mm), thickened, or one and a half (88 mm). Large brick Standard defines as a ceramic stone. Standard ceramic stone, or a double brick (often referred to as its sales) - 250 x 120 x 138 mm. Bastard bricks and stones significant cost savings solution, and the construction time. And do not think that the builders will charge you more money for weightlifting. He himself is better: a dozen threw stones - and the wall is ready! In addition, the stones need less, but their price is not increased. For example, double-face brick single most expensive half, and the size twice as large. The color of brick is largely dependent on the composition of the clay. Most of the clay after firing have a classic brick color. Such clays are called krasnozhguschimisya, and the brick - red. Rarer belozhguschiesya clay, including a yellow, apricot or white brick. Sometimes the raw materials enter different pigment additives. For example, brown brick can be obtained only by pigment additives. GOST brick color should match the sample-standard, approved by the. Often, the factories, there are several standards, and there is a risk to buy a "colorful" party of bricks. The presence of voids in the body of a brick front and ordinary shares in the hollow and full-bodied (ceramic stones are just hollow). The more voids (they can be more than 50%), the brick is warmer. It turns out that the use of hollow brick walls can be made thinner, and insulation from it will not worsen. In brick less weight, and as a result - less load on the foundation. This is - his dignity. But there is a difficulty: when laying a brick holes can become clogged with a solution, and it will be more "cool". To avoid this, we must take a brick with cavities of smaller diameter and a more viscous solution. Bricks can be made more "warm" due to the internal porosity of the ceramic crock (that is, the material itself). This is called brick porous. By the way, porous brick, compared with the usual sounds better louder. Thus, it is clear that to save time and money is better to buy not the usual brick and half. And even better - a ceramic stone. But color can be chosen to taste - it does not affect the quality of bricks. If you want a house as warm (but not at the expense of wall thickness), we need to take a hollow or porous brick. But then use a viscous solution to void must not be blocked. Specifications strength - the main characteristic of brick - a material's ability to resist the internal stresses and strains, not destroyed. Mark - a measure of strength, denoted by "M" with a numeric value. The figures show how the load on 1 sq. cm can withstand a brick. For example, grade 100 (M100) indicates that the brick is guaranteed to withstand a load of 100 kg per 1 sq. cm Bricks may have grade from 75 to 300. Available most common brick M100, 125, 150, 175. Frost resistance - ability of a material to withstand alternate freezing and thawing in a water-saturated condition. Frost resistance (designated as "SSE") is measured in cycles. During a standard test brick is immersed in water for 8 hours, then placed for 8 hours in the freezer (one cycle). And so on until the brick will start to change their characteristics (mass, strength, etc.). Then the test is stopped and conclude on frost resistance of brick. For the Moscow buildings have to use brick frost no less than 35 cycles. Therefore, large plants try not to produce bricks frost below 35 cycles. But the market has found a brick frost 25 and even 15 cycles (usually imported from warmer regions). He has a low price, it attracts buyers (and sellers try not to dwell on "features"). Generally speaking, a brand of brick to the future home should identify the expert. In short, we do not advise chasing cheap brick with frost, 25 or even 15 cycles. For construction in the Moscow region, use the brick MDE 35. And the best - 50. Marriage What is marriage in the process of making bricks? GOST marriage is burnout and underburning, and this brick is not recommended for sale. But the presence of lime inclusions GOST admits, although the owner of a brick of it, alas, not easier. How do I know whether burnt red brick? If the core of brick - a more saturated color than the "body", and the impact it rings, it is - a brick of good quality. Underburning, pale brick has a distinctive mustard color, and with the impact tubby. In pale brick low frost resistance and he was "afraid" of moisture. At one firm told the following story. One winter, when the prices of construction materials below costive client decided to buy a brick on the cheap. Then he knocked him on his site and happily began to count how many saved. Come spring, melted snow, he hastened to the citizen at his construction site. And he saw there ... mountains crumble brick. Brick was defective - with underburning. Burnout, bleach brick obrazuetsya from very high temperatures. Brick turns black, melted, becomes exact dimensions, its "bursting" from the inside. But experts say that if the brick did not violate its shape, and black he became only the core, he, on the contrary, it becomes very strong, though the iron. Calcareous inclusions (sometimes referred to as "Dutikow). Where do they come? Loam soil contains limestone. During the preparation of raw material is crushed limestone. But if you were at least polmillimetrovye grain, expect a dirty trick. They gain moisture and swell, chipping pieces of brick. If the depth of spalling is greater than 6 mm, a brick TCI marriage, if less - it allowed for sale. Facades of the houses built of such bricks are obtained ryabymi like a "fly-bitten." Incidentally, the inclusion of lime - is not purely a Russian tragedy. For Europe - is also a problem. The most common and insidious marriage - efflorescence. Efflorescence already manifested on the brick walls in the form of white spots and divorce (ie, already after the brick is laid). And when you buy not guess - will efflorescence on the brick of this or not. They are formed by the migration of salts from the masonry mortar, brick, ground water and even air. About Podmoskovny brick experts say that the amount of salt in it, as a rule, small. And recommend the use of cement with a low content of impurities vysoloobrazuyuschih plant "Red October", Lipetsk, Podolsky, Michael. How to protect yourself from efflorescence? Use a thick solution. Do not spread mortar on the front of the brick. Do not put a brick in the rain and close the fresh laying of the night. As soon as possible to sum up the house under the roof. Cover the facade of the preservative. But if after all precautions, efflorescence is still there, do not worry. The builders have assured that most of the efflorescence is washed off by rain in a year or two. If you do not want to wait, you can use folk remedies: acetic acid, 5-percent solution of hydrochloric acid or ammonia solution (bubble in a bucket of water). Or buy in DIY stores special facilities. Or visit the firm who "otmoet" your home from the salt and cover the facade of the preservative. Do not want to winter in the house was cold and the rain washed away the facade? Then do not buy the pale brick. Bleach can be taken, but only if its shape is not compromised. And what about calcareous inclusions up to you. But remember that bricks spall quickly collapses. The choice of brick for the construction in the Moscow region needed a brick with at least 35 freeze-thaw cycles, and better yet 50. Brick dry pressing with 15 cycles of freeze-thaw is not suitable for walls and masonry foundation. Distinguish it from the bricks of plastic molding can be on "bed" (the largest party): it is smooth, her dead-end has tapered cavities. This brick is best used only for internal partitions. If you did, it was used for facing, immediately oshtukaturte house. Plaster, of course, will not create a complete waterproofing, but for some time to protect the brick walls. If a house under construction has a height of 2-3 floors, then laying a brick wall rather M100-125. Face brick should buy the same brand (or nearby), and this building, because the entire wall must be of equal strength. Double brick cheaper single, also here, additional savings in solution and on-time stack. Porous brick "warmer" simple hollow. All of facing bricks better to buy right away, one party - that the entire coating was uniform in color. Specify how the color has a factory standards, and agreed in advance that you need bricks, matching either the standard color. The color of clay is not related to the quality of bricks. Therefore safely buy a brick color that you like. For windows, arches, window sills, fences, etc. There is a special shaped bricks. Of silica brick is not recommended to put the foundation: he nestoek to moisture. You can not put him out of the furnace and pipes - it starts to decompose under high temperatures. And plaster it hard - painfully it is smooth, the solution is badly stuck to him.