Vadim Alexeev Concrete is often considered material for the construction of urban "boxes" - apartment buildings and industrial facilities. But concrete can build and country houses, and not inferior in quality wood, stone or skeletal buildings. Builders working on a suburban market, now offer cabins of logs, lumber, bricks, cellular concrete, prefabricated panels prefabricated. The technology of monolithic housing construction while being used in the construction of urban buildings. But it so far. All new only initially in doubt for the consumer. Already many of our countrymen, after weighing all the pros and cons, stop your choice on the concrete. So, let's try to figure out what the main advantages and disadvantages of monolithic technology. More precisely, the brick-and-a monolithic or panel-monolithic. Such separation is essential. For brick-monolithic technology for the manufacture of load-bearing structures used Collapsible decking and walling perform, for example, of concrete blocks faced with brick or stone. Panel-monolithic technology involves the use of permanent formwork, which, after pouring the concrete itself becomes the walls and floors at home (such as carriers, and all others). Let's start with the brick-monolithic technology. Its essence is as follows. First, a special formwork, which reproduces the contours of the future of the constructive elements (walls, columns, etc.), install rebar and pour concrete. When the concrete hardens, formwork elements removed and transferred to the next floor (hence the name "Collapsible"). Simultaneously with the manufacture of a monolithic frame builders and erecting exterior walls - walling. Collapsible formwork are steel, aluminum, wood, composite (metal with elements of other materials), etc. Steel is used zinc or galvanized, powder coated. The latter not only protects the metal from corrosion, but also provides a quick cleanup shuttering the operation. In addition to steel, to produce formwork systems used, and aluminum, rather, an alloy of aluminum and silicon (to increase the strength characteristics). Aluminum - lightweight, durable and resistant to aggressive media metal. But it is more susceptible to corrosion, so the elements of it must pass a special anti-corrosion treatment. Aluminum is easier to steel shuttering three times, which significantly reduces the cost and complexity of transportation and installation. But at the same time, aluminum elements almost beyond recovery, and easier to deform than steel. The use of wood for the manufacture of formwork due to the relatively low price. Primarily for the manufacture of wooden elements used laminated wood. But wood is known to have significant drawbacks - hygroscopicity. Wooden elements, absorbing water from the concrete, resize, bend, moreover, reduces their capacity. If mechanical damage wooden formwork elements are not always amenable to rehabilitation, and, therefore, require replacement. To wear, chastozamenyaemyh (so-called consumables) elements using plywood, laminated wood and plastic. Immured in the wall formwork can be permanently affixed. Erection with the help of supporting structures is a kind of fusion of two technologies: monolithic housebuilding and construction of hollow blocks, or large-size panels. Options formwork satisfied in this case polystyrene blocks or panels made of particleboard. Unlike ready-made, they will not be dismantled after the concrete of required strength, and become part of the wall. Blocks of expanded polystyrene, used as permanent formwork, are two plates that are connected by special ties. The inner space between the plates is filled with concrete, which after solidification forms a monolithic wall. As reinforcing elements in concrete used vertical and horizontal rods of reinforcement. Thus, a warm sandwich: reinforced concrete, with both sides covered with layers of insulation. Polystyrene blocks are lightweight, and fit them do not need any special construction equipment. But technology does not require highly skilled workers. Fixed shuttering panels are made of chipboard (DSP). These panels are linked together by an X-and Y-shaped metal or plastic profiles. All are made from chipboard wall, ceiling, and special items. In areas undergoing construction and physical stress, used wood-frame panels, associated with cement. In this case, the DSP and the DSP are not heat-insulating materials and, therefore, enclosing structures obtained by this technology requires further warming. Panels are usually made at the factory. Therefore, practically the final panel (with all communications and fittings) will be delivered to the construction site, where it remains only to mount and fill in the hollow concrete. Installation of wall elements by means of a ton crane. Under the blue sky all the work on the construction of monolithic cottage, as we have noted, are carried out under the open sky, right on site. On the one hand, it reduces the cost of production at home. But on the other - makes the process of its construction, depending on weather conditions. For example, difficulties may arise during the cold season. Under existing rules, the concrete is allowed to stack at a temperature not below +5 ° C. If the thermometer has passed this limit, the water in concrete freezes and the material quality deteriorates significantly. First of all, it becomes less stable. In addition, frost resistance and water resistance of monolithic products may be reduced by several times. What do you do when colder outside, but the construction is in full swing? Do not worry - problem solved. In order for concrete to its original properties, it warmed up. Heating technologies, there are several. First, do not give concrete can freeze with gravel and sand (if betonorastvorny site is located directly at the construction site) or through special binders and antimoroznyh "supplements (if the concrete to carry the plant). More heat by using electricity: special heating wire is placed directly into the concrete (something like "hot sex"). However, with this method reduces the moisture content, which adversely affects the quality of concrete. In addition, this method always leads to higher prices for construction, so as to maintain the required temperature of concrete mix requires considerable energy. So the most promising method still considered the application of qualitative antimoroznyh supplements. Depending on weather conditions - not only the lack of monolithic technology. Because the work is done directly on site, there is a problem of quality control. Well, if the firm with which you entrust your future cottage, there is a good superintendent, who will not descend to the workers. And if not? Then it is possible that the construction will be used by low-quality concrete, the walls will be the curvature. Concrete economics important advantage monolithic technology - efficiency. Imagine an experiment in which the builders have proposed to build two cottages near the same level of insulation - reinforced concrete and brick. Believe me, the second will be much more expensive, and its walls are much thicker than the first. In addition, the ability to build solid walls and floors of smaller thickness (again, remember the thick walls of brick houses) reduces the load on the foundation and, accordingly, the cost of its construction. Finally, the walls are made of monolithic technology have virtually no seams, so no problems with joints and sealed (again, the savings). In terms of the cost of finishing is particularly cost-effective technology with the use of permanent formwork. After all the walls in this case are obtained with a very smooth surface, both outside and inside. Therefore, for the walls need affordable thin layer of plaster. Meanwhile, the economies of advanced technology, do not skimp on the quality of the casing. If it is "too used" (some firms prefer to use the formwork until it crumble to dust), the house can get far from ideal, "defective". How to protect yourself from worn molds? Of course, not being a professional, to distinguish high-quality formwork on the poor hard. Therefore we recommend to operate the old proven method: apply only to those companies that have long been working at the market and have a good reputation. Or use a permanent formwork, which can not be used by definition. Concrete application of the freedom of monolithic technology allows to build the house that looks nothing inferior buildings which are made of brick. Moreover, the monolithic structure, as a rule, original and interesting. Free layout, high ceilings, the presence of underground parking, beautiful and expressive fronts - the list of advantages of monolithic buildings can go on and on. Monolithic houses offer more opportunities for further re-planning. Bearing transverse walls of these buildings are located at equal distances from each other. As a rule, one step is 4-6,5 meters. If you are, say, bought ready-monolithic house on the secondary market and want to seriously reshape its space, there is nothing you will not hurt to implement their plans in life (in obtaining the relevant approvals). Optimal targets for the implementation of alterations are buildings with monolithic slabs and columns as support structures. There is a monolithic buildings and other advantages. These include, for example, high-quality soundproofing. Even in brick houses usually have a wall voids and seams in which the sound can easily be extended. In monolithic buildings are excluded. Finally, all the electrical wiring in concrete cottage can be done to create walls and ceilings, which excludes its damage during the operation. Of particular importance are the stiffness and strength of structures made of concrete. In this regard, the monolithic cottages has no equal. They provide a uniform shrinkage houses by redistributing the load and preventing cracking. As you can see, a monolithic housing technology has some significant advantages over other "techniques". However, this does not mean that to build a house of concrete is not difficult. Yes, build a solid house is cheaper than, say, a brick, but still, any errors in the estimates can lead to unfinished. Yes, build construction of the formwork and pour concrete in them as a whole is easier than to lay down brick by brick cottage, but by entrusting these works lay people, you're unlikely to get a decent result. In short, think what kind of house you need and how your dreams are related to your income. If the harmony between them - then go for it.
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