Choosing a timber

Mikhail Skvortsov Lumber now not in short supply: they have at any Stroybaza, of which a great many. How to choose quality products, standing in front of piles of boards: fragrant svezhenapilennoy either already grayed and lightly battered with fungus? Type of timber used wood species, quality of treatment - all these factors determine how large spread in mind, so the price and quality. Assume a circular timber once passed through the circular saw for sawmill, in which case we receive the material that both sides have the plane and said carriage. If, however, propylene, all four planes, it turns edging material, which is divided into segments, edged boards and small bar. The so-called planed moldings - this wall paneling, trim, baseboards, floorboards, etc. Glued laminated timber, laminated timber and furniture boards called glued products. It would seem that a purely professional terms the average consumer to anything. However, knowledgeable bookseller anywhere on Stroybaza, as a rule, these terms are used, but because a certain minimum vocabulary needed here. After passing through the sawmill with lumber produced extensive surface - the plate, narrow - edge, end - the ends. Furthest from the core timber is the outer layer, less distant - the inside. With respect to the annual rings of the plate can be arranged in different ways, depending on the cutting: the radial, tangential or mixed. Depending on the size of the cross-sectional cut material is divided into bars (width and thickness of more than one hundred millimeters), board (width greater than twice the thickness) and bars (width not more than twice the thickness). The main standard sizes of domestic sawn timber: 100 x 100 mm, 100 x 150 mm, 150 x 150 mm. Typically, sawmills give six-meter board. The project, which uses spans a greater length, rational, and democratic will not be called: in this case it is necessary to issue individual orders for such timber. The width and thickness of the timber can also be changed. In this case, any deviation from the standard size entails a certain appreciation of the material. Expensive cost and corrugated board, plastic which is processed at a higher class of cleanliness. Cutting board usually has a standard thickness of 25, 40, 50 mm, a width of 100 mm and 150 mm, and length - six feet. Board of this size are sold on the basis of any building, but if I needed again, custom sizes, you'll have to search or even order a personalized aspect. Minor brick has two popular sizes 40 x 40 mm and 50 x 50 mm with two different lengths - 3 and 6 meters. In the process of cutting in the manufacture of lumber or trim boards a by-product - a slab. On one side of the slab layer, on the other - the hump of untreated wood. But this stuff is quite possible to use when creating temporary constructions. When used as a decorative facing (now popular) or the rough sex he must be treated with antiseptics and DROP. Otherwise from him in a year or two will be a trash. The most popular of moldings, no doubt, lining, which is used for interior and exterior wooden structures. Although more properly called its cladding boards - so she has been on the technical documents. Not so long ago appeared on the market so-called "American" - Facing board variable profile of softwood. For the flooring is made batten width 85-140 mm, standard thickness - 27, 37 and 45 mm. Small molded products - baseboards, trims, corner - also produced a variety of sizes, so that anyone can pick them up at your leisure. We also say a few words about the lumber from the different tree species. Leading position in our market belongs to the materials of pine. Pine is durable, easy-to-wood, which is not as strong as hardwood absorbs moisture. That's why pine produce and timber, and boards, and moldings. In addition, from softwood used in the construction of fir, cedar, larch, fir. As a finishing and carpentry materials used oak, beech, ash, mahogany. Aspen consumed mainly for facing saunas and steam rooms, a birch tree - for the manufacture of flooring and parquet. Nuances of choice now proceed directly to this thorny matter as a choice timber. When you choose should always pay attention to the grade of wood. In the domestic market sold timber from the zero to fourth grade, these varieties differ in quantity and quality of knots. Determine the grade sawn timber complex, planed - it is easier, since it swirls visible. And if you have doubts, you should be involved to determine the grade of specialist. But if a specialist near there, then you should try on their own to prevent the purchase of defective or low-grade lumber. And the main force here - the knowledge, the technical minimum, which will eventually provide high-quality construction and finish of a country house. If you buy yourself a party timber, be sure to bring a tape measure: it often happens that one party of wooden materials, which are supposed to be like twins, there is a scatter sizes both in length, which is usually not critical, and the width of the , thickness and configuration. If this is not to draw attention to the acquisition of bunks and floorboards for sex, money and time spent on the purchase, would be hopelessly dead. Will contribute not ideal geometry future building all sorts of twists and strains of the "propeller" (verified on the spot fine and sturdy cord affixed to the edges of the board). Large variation in the length of the bearing beams girders or trusses are usually visible to the naked eye, but it may be that instead of a six-meter board you are offered a lot, for example, 5,5 meters. That is, the length should also be evaluated on the spot. In addition, each board can have different thickness in different places. And because of too high speed sawing logs in incorrectly configured hardware happens that the "leads" ends: boards are thickening and bends near the ends. If this is the floorboards to the floor, the carpenters namuchayutsya installation. In any case, if not to be lazy and do some measurements, the majority of defects vyplyvet. Another disadvantage of timber - a possible low strength. Most often, low strength of lumber due to moisture during storage or transportation, as well as violations of drying technology in the production stage. In some cases it is caused by using the stage of production as raw wood of young trees. And that is using the roulette will not detect. We note immediately: delay in the side of the board with black and loose knots. It so happens that on Stroybaza offer timber for walls with rough edges. This, of course, does not paint manufacturers, but here you need to know: bad sawn edges, for example the same ends - this is a problem mainly appearance of wood. On the overall strength and reliability of collected wood construction this shortcoming has virtually no effect. But if poorly handled at the edge of materials for interior or exterior, it should be required to replace them. This timber should look perfect and do not take time for the carpenters who will work finish (they, incidentally, for such additional work may request additional money, and the speed is reduced at times). Now let's talk about the various shortcomings of natural wood, which can not but affect the quality of lumber. Conditions in which the tree grows and develops, not only affect the texture of its wood, but also lead to different deviations from the structure and development of the barrel. This, in turn, may cause different defects that impose restrictions on the scope of the timber. These abnormalities include curving trunk burls, knots and forks along its length, causing disturbances in the very texture, changing its color and affect the mechanical strength of wood. Knots appear in place of sprouting branches and significantly reduce the value of timber. In the field of knots reduces the mechanical strength of wood as drying to the mote loses contact with the base and weakens the structure. In addition, the knots have an impact on the appearance of wood grain meant for a transparent finish. For each grade lumber standards exist that define the acceptable amount of knots and their maximum size, type and distance from each other. Delve into the details we will not, but when selecting lumber their number should be minimal. Cracks, alas, not be avoided: the tree - a living material and they appear in wood, as its growth under the influence of environmental factors and internal stresses arising in the trunk. Distinguish frosty, and otlupnye metikovye cracks. Frosty appear in the expansion of internal moisture in the severe frosts: as a result there through cracks directed radially. Internal stresses arising in the trunk, give rise to otlupnyh cracks caused by the separation from each other by growth rings, as well as metikovyh cracks running along the barrel to the top. In addition, cracks may occur, resulting from shrinkage. The abundance of visible cracks eye, of course, should alert the purchaser and is not ruled out force to abandon the purchase of such timber. Another defect called roe, it is a different deviation of the direction of the fibers from the longitudinal axis of the tree. Wood is such a bad vice perceives a transverse load. The varieties include curly gain kososloya - wavy fiber placement and curl - the local curvature of growth rings. Bark - a defect at the site of the tree resulting from mechanical damage to tissue. This section of wood spoils the appearance and makes it difficult to finish. Finally, there may be fungal damage of timber. As a result, changing the mechanical properties of wood and wood color tones. Should we for any flaw detection alarm and refuse to buy? Perhaps that approach would be irrational. One must distinguish, what do you want those or other timber: formwork, walls, floors, rafters, trim ... In the latter case, the "defects" in the form of pictorial pattern caused by the knots and knobs can be advantageous to beat. Most captious selection should be the choice of finishing the profile elements. Given the decorative function of such elements, they should not have wood defects, except for healthy accrete knots up to 20 mm, dead-end end-cracks up to 10 mm and the inclination of fibers (kososloya) to 10%. Less stringent requirements should be presented only to the front (visible) surfaces of the finishing elements. On unseen surfaces during operation may have defects larger, but also normalized sizes. Humidity such timber must meet certain requirements. Interior parts should have humidity in the range 8-12%, front - 12-18%. However, defining it in the eye in any case will not succeed. In conclusion, we say that in modern conditions more suppliers and sellers of lumber goes out to insure the consumer from purchasing defective lumber. Legal aspects of this task should be reflected in the contract for the supply of lumber, and mutual responsibility of the manufacturer and buyer - in their guidance maintenance.