Vitaly Lviv All we have plenty of time to notice how quickly repaired the floor in public areas loses its former beauty: linoleum yellow and rubbed, hardwood plank and stir unpleasant creaking under the feet of the surface of carpeting covered mounds and folds. And this occurs despite the claims of most manufacturers that guarantee the life of their coating no less than 10 - 15 years. We decided to look and understand what is required to maintain a decent form of sex in public places and whether it is possible to avoid or delay the onset of irreversible change? So, depending on the application range of floor coverings can be divided into two unequal categories: Domestic. Their steles in apartments and private homes, where the load on the floor are small and the coating does not impose too much to ask; Commercial. Designed for rooms that are frequently used: offices, shops, hotels, industrial premises, etc. As it turned out, enough to choose the right flooring for a particular room. A recipe for success includes literacy training grounds and adherence to the technology of its styling. Only when these two conditions will cover a variety of serve and please you with its looks very long. To understand what they mean by "competent training grounds," we consider this process in detail. And do not dwell on the floor, requiring the rough alignment. We turn the floor, which in principle is ready for installation: it is a smooth, dry and free of cracks, dirt, and which requires only a "clean" level. Primer - the cornerstone of the first phase of the floor - surface base primer. Primer is needed in order to bind the dust and improve the adhesion of leveling compound to the ground. Another purpose of the primer - reduced absorptive properties of the base. Simply put, it prevents too rapid loss of water from the leveling masses. This is especially important because, at too rapid drying of a leveling layer of cement hydration proceeds unevenly, which leads to a decrease in strength, the appearance of internal stresses and cracking. On the absorbency of all reasons can be divided into: Absorbent. This is a ground such as, for example, cement, concrete or anhydrite screeds, which are able to absorb water. The primer, intended for such grounds, binds dust permeates the upper layer and strengthens it, and also reduces its absorbency. Non-absorbent. Such as stone, tile, PVC coating, etc. The primer, intended for non-absorbent grounds, must form on the surface of a thin, durable film that improves the adhesion of leveling compound to the ground. In addition to primers used in grounds with varying absorbency, there is also a primer for special purposes, the choice of which depends on the purpose of the premises and conditions of use. For example, the rubber floor of a large warehouse, on which drive forklifts, undergoes a great mechanical stress. For such cases it is expedient to use a special epoxy primer withstand them. In areas for which there are requirements on the electrical conductivity of floor coverings, such as computer rooms, to be used again, a special conductive coating. Eyes on the ... The next stage of the preparation of the subfloor - drawing on the primed surface of the screed. Without it impossible to get perfectly smooth bottom. Note: The thickness of the leveling layer can be up to 15-20 mm, permissible deviation from the plane surface of the base should not exceed 2 mm per 2 m length! The choice of leveling compounds is enormous. There are a lot of compositions with different characteristics. What to look for? Firstly, the rate of compressive strength of leveling compound must not only conform to anticipated loads on the floor, but the strength of ties on which the weight is applied. If these rates differ greatly among themselves in the life of the floor conditions can arise, leading to peeling of the leveling of the solution and its destruction. Secondly, no less important indicator is the ability of equalizing the mass flow. Having good spreadability blend easily distributed over the entire base area. Surface of the floor at the same time get a perfectly flat, smooth and requires no further polishing. Thus, it can speed up or even eliminate time-consuming and requires special equipment operation. But we should not succumb to temptation and try to improve the spreadability screed, adding a touch more water than specified in the instructions. Even the extra 50 - 100 grams of water can be critical. In addition to the strength reduction, excess water will lead to delamination mixture violation of homogeneity, shrinkage, and ultimately to cracking and fracture alignment layer. Change and other characteristics of the mixture, for example, increase terms of setting and curing, which is absolutely unacceptable. Normally, when using high-leveling compound in 2 - 4 hours after installation mass possible technological passage. And for about a day can be laid topcoat. In the arsenal of many firms, there are so-called quick-self-leveling mixture. They allow you to stack top coat after 4 hours, and replacing the floor in a room made just for one night. But, as the saying goes, time - money, and such a product is more expensive than in the half. For deformed bases (such as a wooden floor, which under the influence of loads a little "play") are special blends. They include reinforcing microfiber, which gives the solution increased the flexural strength by creating a fiber reinforced inner structure. There are universal compounds, has an interesting feature: when mixing is possible (of course, within certain limits) to increase or, conversely, to reduce the dosage of water. This allows you to adjust their spreadability and thus be used as: mortar for plastering the gaps, including on a vertical surface, as well as for filling potholes and repairing cracks in cement and concrete bases; viscous mixture for the manufacture, repair and alignment of the inclined surfaces (eg, ramps and slopes), self-leveling compounds for fabrication and alignment of horizontal surfaces. Stacker, as a rule, can work with any particular material, he is sure it knows all the details, features, and often does not want to learn something new, although other materials may be no worse and sometimes better. This specificity of a professional approach. Choosing products for the preparation of gender, stacker tries to take a full range of materials (soil, leveling compound, glue) one firm. In this case, he may bring a claim of the company, its mission or dealer. When using materials from various manufacturers make it much more difficult. Ley - glue After leveling mixture gained the necessary strength, and its moisture content is reduced to the desired value, ie, that all conditions necessary for the laying of the respective floor covering, the chips are sticking finish. Of course, the choice of adhesive depends on the coating material. Despite the fact that the coating materials are very diverse, all the glues in this character can be divided into two groups: adhesives for flexible coatings: such as carpet, natural linoleum, cork, rubber, PVC coating, adhesive coating of the wood: such as parquet flooring, laminate flooring. Let's start with the latter. First of all, we recall that the tree has the ability to change their dimensions under the influence of moisture. It is especially dangerous when it occurs over large areas. Paul, a prisoner in a rigid framework, it becomes more "hardwood strips glued properly selected adhesive deformed bend up and break away from the foundation. Thus, the coverage would be spoiled. That is a sad prospect. To avoid this, you should know what glue to use for coating wood. On the composition of adhesives can be divided into the following groups: water-based adhesives. Used most often for oak parquet, as the oak - one of the most resistant to moisture trees. These adhesives do not smell, do not burn tools easy to wash with water immediately after use, alcohol-based adhesives. Any glue parquet flooring with the exception of some exotic wood. These adhesives also have an unpleasant odor, but the combustible polyurethane adhesives (two or one component). Their scope is much wider than the first two types of adhesives. They have proven themselves as a repair adhesive, when you need to restore some areas, as well as installation art parquet from exotic wood. Polyurethane adhesives have a sharp, unpleasant smell. In the two-component adhesives used by the appropriate hardener, and one component - the hardener is moisture contained in air and at the base on which the flooring is laid. Polyurethane adhesives cure rapidly, which means that the glue needed for a strictly limited time. Particular attention should be paid to the adhesive for paving the floating method. In this case, the glue is applied only on the ridges and grooves of the planks and glued their butts, and by skirting the edge between the cover and the wall leaving a small gap. Such a method is used when laying laminate flooring: Separate strips of laminate permanently bonded to each other, and the entire array can be a little "move" within the premises, or a separate zone. Methods of attaching If the paving of wood everything was more or less clear, when laying flexible, and should be defined also by way of bonding. Methods of fixing are the following: "Wet" method: the glue is applied to the base and not letting it dry, put a floor covering; "Contact" way: glue cover both bonding surfaces, dried, and over time cover is placed on the floor and pressed, "Dry "way: glue is applied to the base, give the glue to dry up until the moment when it ceases to adhere to the finger (30-60 min). After that cover is placed on the floor and roll a massive roller. Why such complexity? The fact that the choice of adhesive and bonding methods are dependent on many factors: the type of flooring, type of foundation conditions. Let me explain with an example. Initial data: a universal water glue, glue the recommended way - wet, floor covering - PVC. What we have in the end? Waterproof PVC coating. But the glue is water that has evaporated. Where, pray tell, she was gone? Only in the ground! And well, if we absorbent. And if not? Then we can say that all the work down the drain. The conclusion: for non-absorbent grounds and nepropuskayuschego moisture PVC coating should pick up another adhesive that is suitable for bonding coatings "dry" method, allowing water to evaporate first. I hope that now everything is clear. In addition, of course, there are brands of adhesives that are recommended for certain coverages. For example, adhesives for floor coverings provide a higher "ridge" (meaning the protruding strips, formed after applying the adhesive with a notched trowel), which fills a relief base cloth, ensuring good adhesion. Conductive adhesives and coatings provide stacking, respectively, the conductive coating. The increasing popularity receive funds for temporary fixation of coatings, which is very handy when installing temporary floor in the exhibition halls or small offices. In short, where is placed a cheap carpet, and change it frequently. Temporary coating does not require a thorough pasting. It is enough to fix, to avoid any axial shifts and coverage is not fidgeting on the floor. Consumption striker twice smaller than that of the adhesive. In this coating can be easily separated from the base, and the remnants of the adhesive is also easily removed by detergents. There are universal clamps for textiles and PVC coating, like tile and roll. There are also special locks for carpet tiles. They are remarkable in that the tiles can be changed several times without renewal of the fixing substance. Winter construction and repair battles several freezes. Many materials can not withstand the test cold. But there is a group of adhesives that are not afraid of cold. Of course, this does not mean laying the floor should be in frozen indoors with open windows and doors. Such exotica quite useless. So, some types of adhesives can be transported at low temperatures and stored in unheated warehouses without compromising their quality. And that means repairing the season goes on ...
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