Types of antiseptics

Preservatives, or pesticides - are chemical poisons used to protect wood from rotting and insect damage, mostly beetles, Dry wood borers. Virtually the same antiseptic used to control beetles and mushroom houses. They are inorganic (mineral), organic and combined. Depending on the impact of these substances on the body of insects they are divided into intestinal, contact and fumigants. Intestinal (internal) toxic substances entering the digestive tract of insects, and poison them. These include all the pesticides used to protect wood from damage mushrooms. This sodium fluoride, sodium fluorosilicate, ammonium fluorosilicate, copper sulfate, zinc chloride, sodium arsenate, and the combined preservatives, as well as creosote oil, chlorinated naphthalene, petihlorfenol (the latter having sustained an unpleasant smell, do not find use in residential buildings and livestock). To combat the beetles and their larvae, located deep in the timber, the concentration of intestinal toxic chemicals should be much higher than for the anti-fungal organisms. Contact (external) substances act on the beetles and their larvae, when they come into contact with them. Such substances are many, but they are expensive and harmful to humans and animals. When you work with them requires special caution. This DDT hexachloran, hlorodon, trichlorfon and other fumigants call such substances, which in the form of steam or gas enter through the respiratory tract, through the skin into the body of insects, causing their death. These substances include: ethylene dichloride, polihloridy benzene, sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, etc. Unfortunately, they are not always effective, as quickly evaporate. In addition, to combat the beetles and their larvae use naphtha, turpentine, (alone or in mixtures), carbolic, naphthalene, formalin and other inorganic antiseptics. Sodium fluoride - a white or grayish-white powder. Highly toxic, harmful for both humans and animals. Used to control fungi and beetles in a 3% aqueous solution (3 kg of sodium fluoride and 97 liters of water). Sodium fluorosilicate - white or gray powder, sometimes with yellow tinge. In its pure form is not suitable for antiseptic protection of wood due to its low solubility (0.65%). For the preparation of 3% aqueous solution of sodium fluorosilicate in an antiseptic added soda ash (sodium fluorosilicate 2,5 kg, 2,5 kg of soda ash, 95 liters of water). Ammonium fluorosilicate - white or grayish crystalline powder, readily soluble in water: in the Cold - 18,5%: in the hot - 32,5%. Strong antiseptic, 1,5-2 times more poisonous sodium fluoride. For the preparation of a 5% solution to 5 kg of ammonium fluorosilicate and 95 liters of water. Causes corrosion of metals, so metal structures previously double stained with oil paint, dried and then treated with an antiseptic. This antiseptic is easily washed off with water from the timber. Organic antiseptics basically have persistent heavy odor, are rarely used in residential areas, often are used for impregnation of wooden chairs, foundations, the lower rims of the walls with the subsequent isolation of a solution of open spaces that are sometimes almost completely eliminates the odor. This creosote oil, anthracene oil, shale oil, dinitrophenol, etc. Combined antiseptics often consist of two or more toxic substances. For example, hexachloran dissolved in kerosene, gasoline, coal oil, DDT - in gasoline, turpentine, etc. These two are very harmful antiseptic and apply them in homes and livestock premises is prohibited. Hlorodon dissolved in kerosene, gasoline, mineral oils. Applied 0,3 - 0,5% solution (300-500 g per 90 liters of these solvents). Very effective, but dangerous to humans and animals, so use it in homes and livestock premises is prohibited. Trichlorfon soluble in water. Blend of 0,5-1% solution (500-1000 g per 90 liters of water). Less dangerous for humans and animals than the above substances. Phenol, creosote, karbolenium because of the unbearable smell in the living and breeding areas are not applicable.