Invention of ventilated facades became a natural result of the development of construction technologies, as nowadays is becoming increasingly important application of energy-efficient, durable structures that allow year-round to building work. Ventilated facades are used for construction and reconstruction of almost all types of buildings. Their use is important in areas with difficult climatic conditions, temperature extremes, high humidity - where traditional facade materials are short-lived. Ventilated facade is a multilayer system, located on the outside of the carrier or self-supporting wall of the building and consisting of a vapor-permeable layer of insulation, podoblitsovochnoy structure attached thereto facing material and air gap. The principle of the device of any design ventfasada is that the layers of different materials to the air gap arranged with decreasing thermal conductivity and increase the vapor permeability coefficient. Therefore, it is optimal in the following location (on the inner surface to outer): enclosing structure (wall), insulation, air layer, a protective screen. Podoblitsovochnaya design is a set of profiles (galvanized or stainless steel or more expensive and durable aluminum) of different configurations, supporting brackets and fasteners. Brackets are attached directly to the wall (the carrier or self-supporting), they are set bearing the profiles to which using special elements of fasteners (screws, rivets, klyammerov) are attached plate (sheet) tiles. In this case, the wall itself can be made of various materials: concrete, bricks. Insulation is fixed on its outer surface using dowels. In this case, all connections are made mechanically. The absence of glue and other "wet" process allows for installation work throughout the year. All construction must have a high degree of resistance to weight loads, corrosion resistance, the mobility of nodes for storing static (dead weight of structures, including the weight of the panels and insulation) and dynamic (wind, temperature changes) loads. It should also provide the ability to align the walls, allowing easy and fast installation. One of the main structural elements ventfasada - it anchors that provide mechanical support brackets podoblitsovochnoy design to the wall. They should be durable and maintain the physical properties at high and very low temperatures. Insulation used for ventfasadov, be durable, resistant to aging, biologically persistent, have a stable shape and mounted with a continuous layer to prevent the emergence of "cold bridges". It should also allow water vapor and moisture to enter the air space, preventing the formation and accumulation in the construction of the condensate to be resistant to wind flow and non-corrosive to metal podoblitsovochnoy design. Insulation must meet the requirements of GOST 9573-96 "plates of mineral wool insulation on a synthetic binder. Specifications ", and must have permission from the fire inspection for use in ventilated facades. As the insulation systems are usually used ventfasadov rigid sheets made from water-repellent wool (the most commonly used insulation Rockwool, Isover, Paroc or Ursa). When you choose to pay attention to the possibility of vibration in the ventilation gap structure due to the powerful air currents. To protect the insulation can be applied windproof vapor permeable film (like Tyvek) or use melamine material with a binding glued to the plate-glass insulation material, which prevents blowing fibers and destruction of insulation material. May also apply two layers of Rockwool mineral wool with different densities, with more dense layer (90 kg/m3) is set to the outside facade designs, and less dense (40 kg/m3) - directly on the walls. Surface materials in the construction ventfasada perform protective and decorative function. They protect the insulation, podoblitsovochnuyu design and walls from damage and weathering. At the same time facing panels form the aesthetic appearance of the building. Now the choice of facade materials is quite wide. It can be fiber cement (fiber-cement) panels, ceramic granite, composite materials, natural granite, metal, concrete, glass with a special coating, high-pressure laminates. The most common facing materials of today are the ceramic, fiber cement panels with different coatings (natural stone chips, more often - it's 12/10 standard colors, as well as acrylic and polyurethane coatings wide range of colors in the catalog RAL) and composite materials. Ceramic granite is generally used for decoration of buildings, extra-class. Fiber cement panels are used for insulation and decorative wall walling houses mass housing, as well as for administrative and public buildings. The cheapest of the most popular material is metallosayding (usually coated) - is a good solution for additional external insulation and cladding of industrial, residential and industrial and warehouse purposes. Distinguish between visible and hidden elements of the attachment of cladding materials to the supporting profiles podoblitsovochnoy design. Visible fixing easier, it made klyammerami, screws, screws or rivets. Covert also requires additional processing cladding panels to ensure their retention, which ultimately leads to higher prices for construction ventfasada. Application suspended facade systems helps protect buildings and facilities from adverse weather conditions. The moisture given to the circulating air flow from the region of high pressure in the lower part of the building in its upper part, as ventfasad works on the principle of "chimney". The device further external insulation of building wall is well protected from the alternate freezing and thawing, thus avoiding its strains. The so-called "dew point" in this case is shifted into the outer insulating layer, which is bordered by the ventilated air layer. Moreover, thanks to a specially designed mounting system for wall construction is able to compensate for thermal deformations arising in the daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations. This allows us to avoid internal stresses in the material of cladding and bearing design that eliminates the cracking and fracture of veneer. The presence of a ventilated facade Energy efficiency increases the ability of an array of wall which is very important from the standpoint of energy conservation (heat loss from buildings reduced by 25%). Air layer is a kind of thermal buffer: usually the air temperature inside it to 3-4 ° C higher than the temperature outside. In the summer of similar design serves as a sun shield, reflecting a significant part of incident flux of radiant energy. The use of hinged facade enhances soundproofing in a wide range of frequencies more than twice. Ventilated facade design are maintenance-free service life of 25 to 50 years, depending on the material used (the optimum - aluminum and porcelain).
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