Stairs

There are many different types of ladders used in individual homes, some versions of these ladders are shown in Fig. 108. In most cases, set wooden stairs, which can be a decoration at home, especially because the market now have a lot of curly turned balusters. Consider some of the most common design of stairs. Construction of an open staircase illustrated in Fig. 109. Sawtooth beam (kosour) is secured between the floors, the wall is also a tetivaprikreplennaya to the wall beam. In the bow-string made grooves for installing treads and risers. Fig. 108. Circuits internal stairs: a - odnomarshevaya b, d, f - round; c, e - half-pace; x - mnogomarshevaya; is - screw. Interim kosour supports the tread and risers, and the supporting bar is used to mount the bowstring and two Kosourov. Risers are made of thick planks not less than 1.5 cm, tread - from the boards a minimum thickness of 2.5 cm to connect to tread on the bottom of prostupenkov selected quarter, the top risers included in the groove bottom of the stair tread. Struts are installed on the glue, reinforce the tread compound - risers in front of the stage. The back of each step increased with screws through podstupenok to tread, which stands for each podstupenok to 2-2,5 cm round out the overhang. Vertical risers are cut off the ends of each angle 45 °, connect to the "conditions" with vertical slits Kosourov. Further staircase decorated with overlaid side bolsters, side and front belts. Ris.109. The design of the open staircase Fig.110. The design of stairs and railings - handrail; b - reference desk site; in - holes; r - Intermediate baluster, l - lower support baluster e - spike, g - and a steel anchor - kosour b - a bowstring; in - Tread d - polstupenok; l - supporting bar e - brace, g - Intermediate kosour; h - Cushion and - roll side, to the - side of the belt, we - the front fascia, m - a connection to the "conditions". Fencing the stairs. By flight of stairs are installed balusters - support legs that attach to the system spike-and-groove or tenon-slot. Often the bottom of a baluster is fixed in the gully or in camps anchor pin (Fig. 110). Curved handrail attached special ties (Fig. 111). Part of the screw thread for a tree wrapped in a curved portion of the handrail, the other end of the screw threaded ends for nuts, inserted into the opening end of the straight rail. Through a special tube, can be done screed, for which a nut make special holes for a narrow screwdriver, awl, a steel rod used as a long-standing key. Often the lock is set on a rounded first step (Figure 112). In this case, rounded tread is made of hard wood, center surrounded by a baluster ¬ The spectral thinner ¬ Kimi supporting legs, reinforcing ¬ mi design ladder. Construction fencing ladder Ris.111. The device ties handrail, and - screw tie;-b - nut, a - hole for the nut; Ris.112. The design of the supporting rack Ris.113. The design of a spiral staircase installed in the first step spiral staircase made of metal (Fig. 113), is produced as a kit of parts for assembly. Such a ladder can be made independently of the wooden parts or make it to order. Choosing one or another construction diagram ladder, depending on its location, floor area, interior of the house and own taste, in any case you should follow these recommendations: the sum of the width and height of steps should be within 45 cm, regardless of the steepness of the ascent, the optimal bias staircase for two levels 1:1,25, then the width of the tread 25 cm step height of 20 cm, height of passage between the pads - not less than 2 m height of handrails on the marches - 80 cm, on the grounds - 90 cm, it is considered that with the steepness of a flight of stairs is not more than 42 ° danger ¬ sion fall coming down low man, the distance between the balusters - no more than 10 cm in such races ¬ distance between them does not crawl through a child, to eliminate the stair creaks as it becomes exploitation, ¬ Drying of parts to tread nail, pressing it from above, or if significant progress tread set wedges.