Intensive construction of country houses and cottages, the use of new advanced materials, increasing comfort being built outside the main cities of the private sector requires constant introduction of new technologies and modern engineering. One of the most important and expensive elements of engineering is heating. On the rational choice of heating system is influenced by many factors: the availability of a particular fuel, environmental, engineering and architectural solutions, the volume of the object under construction, financial opportunities and much more. Not being an expert in the field of heating, it is very difficult to assess all aspects and problems of selection, installation and operation of one or another form of heating, given that the market for equipment and materials for this very wide and varied. In addition, the world's achievements in the field of heating became available for domestic consumers, and information on their comparative features and capabilities are usually absent. Last time around the world has seen a steady shift from centralized heating systems to autonomous, which provide a warm concrete apartment, a group of apartments, a separate building. Among the autonomous heating systems has gained a new quality and widely used direct-patient electric heating (PEO), which converts electric energy into heat without any intermediate heat. In this article we will discuss the economic aspects of using direct electrical heating of a stationary compared to the traditional coolant, part of capital costs. For the analysis we choose two buildings with a heated area of ??100 m2 and 300 with the equipment of domestic or imported. Comparative results are shown in the table. It should be noted that a variety of options for traditional heating (TO) can change the data in the table. In addition, perhaps a combination of imported and domestic equipment. Dwell on certain features and not recorded moments of capital costs for the TA. Boiler. The important point is the type of fuel and combined design under several kinds of fuel, as well as the presence of a boiler for heating water. For the installation of electric boilers is the simplest, you can not use a separate room, do not require ducting. Installation of gas boiler require a separate room and a duct to the combustion chamber, as well as chimneys to vent the combustion products. Otherwise, the environment is deteriorating facilities. This requires additional, not recorded in the table of costs. To get some hot water boilers have a built in boiler, however, for the delivery of hot water to the point of use (for example, from the basement to the first and second floor, at the other end of the house) is required to lay a considerable number of pipes. Passing through the water cools them, there is the inertia of the hot and cold water lowers efficiency. This increases the cost of installation and spoil the interior. An alternative in this case may be installing an electric water heater at the place of use, which is much more convenient, because in the summer heat is not included, but hot water is always needed. It should be noted that, in central Russia, especially in winter, the gas pressure decreases to 100-120 mm water column, while the norm for boilers of 180 mm, which may turn off the heating system with consequences. Significant costs for gas heating is required for liner of gas from the main to the boiler in the house, as well as to pay for the project at the boiler room and installation of gas boiler. Without an approved and coordinated with the appropriate agencies of the project documentation the gas connection is prohibited. These costs are also significantly reduce the effectiveness of low-cost payment during the operation. Liquid-fuel boilers (for diesel) are the most expensive installation. They also require installation of tanks for a few tons of fuel. Necessarily need a fuel fine filter, or clogged nozzles boiler quickly, it begins to smoke, and greatly reduced efficiency. For the operation of such boiler necessarily need electricity to the ignition system, control of combustion and fuel pump. Unfortunately, even a brief power failure requires the presence of a person to re-enable heating. Problems with hot water, boiler house and chimney are the same as that of the gas boiler. Disadvantages solid fuel boilers due to the need for a day continuously monitor the combustion chamber and manually load the fuel. Must have a supply of fuel in significant amounts, have storage areas, to carry out its delivery, loading and unloading. Existing boilers combined on two or more fuels are more expensive and have features installation and operation described above. Additionally, it should be noted that the transition from one fuel to another is in manual mode, it is necessary to human presence. It should be noted that the majority of boiler protection automatics run from the mains and power outages stopped the gas supply as the main and spare burner. Stationary direct electric heating is not afraid of power surges, and temporary disconnection. Radiators, fittings and installation. The cost of this component of the TO depends essentially on the principle of fluid circulation in the heating system (natural or forced) and from the circuit layout (single tube or two). When the natural circulation of larger diameter pipe is used and as a consequence, the increased cost and complexity of the installation of pipes. This principle has THAT much inertia and reduced heat dissipation. There is very limited capacity to adjust the room temperature. Then with forced circulation involves the use of an electric pump requires gryazesbornika and expansion tank. Single-tube diagram roughly 1,5-2 times cheaper than the cost of pipes and fittings than the two-pipe, but it is almost impossible to control the temperature. Two-pipe system provides temperature regulation, but regulators thermostats make it more expensive, and besides, the adjustment process is not simple, it is difficult to automate and programming. It should be noted that the installation is virtually impossible to perform on your own, without having the skills and special tools, while the direct stationary electric heating can install and run any person with a technical background, using very simple tools. All types of heating, except electric, in one way or another polluting. Ventilation pumps and lead to additional noise and vibration. Leakage of gas and diesel fuel, coal dust adversely affect human health. In addition, the risk of fire or some other emergency situations when liquid and gaseous fuels is much higher than for electric heating. Modern electric heating does not burn oxygen and dust, not desiccate the air. Radiant infrared heaters and a "warm floor" do not create convection currents of air and dust. Electric heating has the greatest opportunity for rational and economical management of heating mode. The maximum can be used with 2 base rate for electricity (at night cheaper than 4-fold). It was at night time the outside temperature is lowest, that is, increasing heat loss, while the working day, many household appliances, further releasing heat. The difference is day and night temperatures reach 10 ° C-15 ° C and to compensate for such fluctuations is required up to 50% of daily resources. When using elektroteplonakopiteley savings could be even more significant, since the heat capacity of this equipment is about 10 times higher energy consumption. PEO allows you to adjust the temperature in each room through a system of thermostats in a broad range of temperatures (5-30 ° C). At FPD thermostats accurately track the desired temperature, and changes in ambient temperature does not affect the temperature in the room. Flexibility in managing the PEO makes it easy to turn off space heating, in which it is not required upon departure to set the minimum cost mode. This significantly saves energy (up to 50%). Programming management tools to automate the process of changing temperatures during the day and week. Modern elektrootopitelnoe equipment: coil, radiant infrared heaters, cable systems - provide reliable protection from fire and electric shock. Products are usually certified with a guarantee of not less than 2 years service life of at least 25 years. Direct electric heating in Russia began to conquer their market share. The above data show that the market is heating there is a place for all areas of cost, environmental and energy-saving approaches.
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