Vadim Alexeev stove heating system or fireplace will not work properly unless you provide them with high-quality flue. What is a chimney? At first glance - just a guileless pipe to smoke and gases from the hearth. But if you think the chimney is a complex system, which depend on the work of heating equipment and operation of the roof. Chimneys are usually divided into brick, metal, chamotte (clay), plastic and asbestos cement. Pipe brick by brick the most traditional material for chimney is brick. From his "smoky pipes" did all the construction period. And the master, who managed to raise all the rules of a brick chimney, were always held in high esteem and short supply. Even today, despite the rapid development of the market for construction services, find a professional, able to lay out the chimney of brick, is problematic. Accordingly, the services of a good stove will be expensive (which, incidentally, is compensated by cheap material). Brick chimney is usually placed as part of (continued) The design of the furnace or fireplace. Installation of chimneys of brick made building a house. If it later appears that any changes to the flue pipe dismantle and assemble again in another place. Cross section of the smoke channel is usually a multiple of the size of bricks. The walls of the chimney to spread from solid brick. Sutures are made of minimum thickness and smoothed (rubbing) inside a clay mortar. Chimneys of brick have a number of advantages. In particular, they allow you to build the furnace at any height, so the definition of the type furnace and the connection method to the construction chimney is not necessary. In addition, the construction of the brick chimney systems can significantly deviate from the vertical to go around a small obstacle. In exceptional cases, the chimney of brick in constructing the overlap over the fireplace. True, it is necessary to ensure proper load floor, and inside the channel of the flexible heat-resistant bricks to insert the tube, firmly connecting it with the furnace. Meanwhile, gaps in the brick chimney is also missing. Such systems are a little resistant to moisture and corrosive acids have larger outside dimensions (52 x 52 cm for channel 27 x 27 cm) and very heavy weight, which requires the device a solid foundation. Smoke, leaving iron as the material for chimneys are increasingly using metal tubes, particularly tubes of heat-resistant stainless steel. Metal chimney small in size, much lighter the brick, so to strengthen the foundation is not necessary. In addition, it is suitable for various modifications of boilers and furnaces. The advantages of metal chimneys in comparison with the brick should be assigned and modularity: the chimney collected from the various fittings that are connected to each other by fitting the exact size and secured with clamps. Therefore, you can install the metal pipe and after the construction of houses, and very quickly. Wide range of fittings allows you to collect any chimney configuration. The modular principle of installation provides the convenience, speed and efficiency of operations. And last but not least: a modular chimney at any time can be dismantled. Metal pipes are the best section for the removal of flue gases. In the flue ducts of circular cross section, in contrast to the square and rectangular (ie pipes are usually made of brick), there are no local turbulence affecting the movement of the main flow of gases. In addition to the smooth walls of the metal chimney soot does not settle. Metal chimneys are one-and two-circuit. Using the first system is obtained more cheaply, but short-lived (rapidly burns). In addition, the removal of low-temperature flue gas from modern heating units with high efficiency leads to the formation of condensation on the pipes abundant. Therefore, single-circuit systems are typically used for laying smoke channel indoors or as inserts into existing masonry chimneys to protect the inner surface (in the latter case it is necessary to use pipes made of stainless steel). Bypass chimneys consist of internal welded stainless steel pipes and the outer tube of larger diameter. Inside they spread a layer of non-combustible insulating material based on basalt rocks, precluding a strong cooling of exhaust gases and to minimize the loss of aggressive condensate. Inner tube, made of quality stainless steel, takes on harmful effects of combustion products and aggressive media. It is resistant to burning, corrosion and erosion of acids. Outer pipe can be stainless or galvanized steel (it's cheaper). The disadvantage of metal chimneys can be considered unless a relatively high cost. You should also add that the steel chimneys in extreme conditions is still subject to corrosion because of simultaneous exposure to high temperatures and acids can not withstand even stainless steel. Fireclay brick addition to alternative and metal, for making chimneys use so-called fireclay. Grog called special ceramics, obtained from coarse-grained refractory clay for a special roasting. This material has four major advantages: fire safety, strength, durability and gas tightness. It is resistant to acid condensation and moisture, is not afraid of weathering. Ceramic systems have a three-layer structure which consists of high-quality interior ceramic tube optimal round, tight and lightweight insulation or a lightweight aggregate external stainless steel shell. A distinctive feature of ceramic chimney in comparison with steel and brick - durability. Warranty period refractory flue is 30 years. Such success can be achieved through a high resistance of the material to corrosion and corrosive environments. The advantages of ceramic systems may also include the completeness of the factory, which greatly simplifies and reduces the time of installation. These systems are universal, they can be connected as a classical heat consumers, where high temperatures and large temperature swings, and the most modern high quality fuel for boilers in which the temperature of the combustion gases below the dew point and condensation occurs constantly. Installing ceramic chimneys made both inside buildings and on the facade. Ceramic chimneys with lightweight aggregate sheath need a foundation or hardening of overlaps. Pipe exotica If chamotte chimney are increasingly popular among owners of country houses, the glass - are still exotic, even though they have some obvious advantages. In particular, chimneys made of glass are not afraid to corrosion, do not absorb moisture, have a low thermal inertia. But now such chimneys are very expensive and require costly installation. For boilers, furnaces for gas and liquid fuel, with low temperature flue gas (up to 120 ° C) are sometimes used special plastic flues. They are resistant to condensation, are light, adaptability and durability. Typically, material for the pipe is polypropylene or polyvinylidene fluoride. Plastic chimneys, as well as metal, is a modular system. To fit the desired configuration of the pipe cutter, or cut with a saw. Finally, the chimney is used for the manufacture of asbestos cement. Such systems can not be called exotic. They are used in construction of houses and cottages economy class for a whole number of years. Asbestos cement pipe may serve as a chimney by itself or acting as an inner part of the brick chimney. In the latter case, the use of asbestos can be used for lining pipes hollow brick and not clobber the seams smoke channel, which significantly reduces the requirements for quality installation work and skill of the performer. Unfortunately, asbestos is not perfect environment. For this reason, asbestos chimneys are usually rejected by the owners, anxiously outside the security of materials. Questions of compatibility is easy to see that different types of chimneys (or rather, made of different materials) some "overlap" with certain types of roofs. For example, brick or chamotte pipes just cries on the roof of a natural clay tiles, and metal - on the roof of metal or metal seam roof made of galvanized steel and nonferrous metals. However, the need to choose the material according to the type of roof chimney is not - the modern market offers a wide range of Okonechnikov for any chimneys. For example, if the owner is completely tiled roof can be ordered metallic "dymovyvoditel. And if it will not hold a combination of clay and iron in terms of aesthetics, manufacturers devised different tricks. Say, a metal tube equipped with a light monolithic "hood" with the walls, imitating the tile surface. But note: when the soft top installation chimney (especially metal) is far from safe. In this case, arranging a chimney systems, it is necessary to provide special salary Adapter and an additional insulated pipe. Putting the chimney to make recommendations on construction of brick or fireclay chimney in this article makes no sense. Such work can only professionals. But assembling a modular chimney, in principle, can do himself a householder. True, under the condition that he is quite familiar with the device heating equipment and has a technical education. However, even if you do not plan to collect their own chimney, a basic knowledge of installation of such systems is still needed. They will monitor the process and talking with installers in the same language. Installation of modular chimney starts from the radiator. In assembling each successive element (pipe) should be included into the previous one - this will avoid getting condensation or precipitation on the insulation. Moreover, the joints should be done outside of floors, so they were available for routine inspection or repair. Based on the fire safety requirements, the depth of the nozzle should be at least half the diameter of the pipe. Outdoor installation of pipes (you can also hidden - the walls) provides for the mandatory attachment to the wall every 1,5-2 m sure to include fixing the pipes before the angular challenge and immediately afterwards. Chimney should rise above all other elements of the roof (the overall height of the chimney must be at least five meters from the burning surface). Please note that the chimney is too long creates high drag. In addition, gases, giving the walls of the chimney heat, cool down, their weight increases and the traction is reduced. Significantly reduce the traction force horizontal and inclined (with an angle less than 45 degrees) plots the chimney. If the chimney is short and for some reason it can not be made longer, you can install a forced smoke. But this is a topic for a separate, more detailed talk. However, enforcement only "high-altitude regulations" in the construction of the chimney is not enough. There is not a simple relationship between the shape and cross-sectional area chimney height and the geometrical parameters of the fireplace hearth. Errors in the evaluation of all conditions can cause poor performance Fireplace: dymleniya problems with ignition, etc. The chimney must be reliably protected from falling rain, or fire in a heating unit can suddenly go out, that in the freezing cold weather is fraught with the entire heating system. For waterproofing of the roof around the chimney apply roofing elements, the choice of which depends on the angle of the roof. Hero of the occasion finale of the story of the chimney system should become the head of the equipment, for which, as they say, porridge and sealed. That is about the fireplace (oven, because they are not very popular with owners of modern houses, we will not consider). Modern fireplaces can be quite a traditional design and classic architectural look - with an open combustion recess in the brickwork of refractory fireclay bricks, lined with decorative "portal". Professionals call it open. Please be aware that an open fireplace of the room takes a lot of air. Therefore, you should consider in advance which will be organized in a channel of air into the room instead of a "burnt". Otherwise, in the winter time for the normal operation of the fire have to open the window. More convenient to use fireplaces with push-fires of the iron and with glass doors, which not only protects against vystrelivaniya unsafe burning coal, but also allows you to monitor the combustion process and manage it. The doors can only be turning or lifting and turning at the same time. Lockable furnace with heat exchanger heats up in 5-10 minutes after the ignition of fuel and delivers efficiencies of up to 70-80% instead of 10-15% of the traditional version with open fires. Despite the obvious advantages of closed fireplaces, they are unlikely to ever completely displace their ancestors. The reason for that - the beauty of open flame and the cultural context, which is linked in the minds of European-oriented person a traditional fireplace. By the way, do not forget: from tradition to stereotype one step. Thus, many believe that such a conventional heating device, a fireplace and chimney needs a traditional, that is brick. It is not. For venting of the fireplace firebox have been successfully applied more progressive metal chimneys, which we discussed above. In conclusion I would like to stress once again that quality made, properly installed chimney service fireplace makes a very pleasant and efficient process: ensures the complete combustion of fuel for superior traction, resists condensation and corrosive acids. On the other hand - every error and negligence in the design and construction of the chimney is fraught with considerable problems.
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