There are two main types of underfloor heating: water and electric. They are united by one thing in common - a low-temperature heating (the temperature of the floor surface rarely exceed 30-32 ° C) is a very large area. Usually the whole floor area radiates heat. However, if the room you plan to install furniture or equipment that will not move, then under them warm floor is not done. The design of such floors is as follows. Initially attending clay or concrete base, then - a layer of warmth and waterproofing. Insulation laid on top of concrete screed with heat-generating elements: hot water pipe or electrical heating. Arises immediately the question: "Why so complicate things when you can just hang on the walls of the battery?". The answer - for comfort. The house where the only heating is underfloor heating, air temperature does not exceed 18-20 ° C. In the yard - minus 25 ° C, and a general feeling - total comfort. Throughout the house spreads a soft, pleasant warmth. Explanation can be found on the plot of temperature distribution depending on the height of the room. Everyone knows that under the traditional heating system (radiators and convectors) heated air rises and cools, descends. Therefore, the ceiling is hot on the floor is cool, but at the height of the head temperature is somewhere around 22-24 ° C. A different picture emerges in the room where the heat source - the floor. There is also the warm air rises. But there are significant differences: the battery temperature is high or convectors - +70 ° C, while the temperature gradient is sufficiently large, large, and the air velocity in the resulting convective flow. Drafts are unavoidable, since the size of radiators or convectors are limited, and the air is being heated, rises directly above the radiator, and omitted elsewhere. Thus, in a room formed by a continuous and steady current of air, with which moves the dust, pet dander and other household pollution. You have not asked yourself the question, where on the cabinet so much dust? Underfloor heating is much smaller than the radiators. Therefore, the temperature gradient is smaller and, consequently, virtually no convection currents. Further complicates the formation of convection currents that heat zone extends almost the entire floor. Heat also rises from the lowest point of the room - the floor. Surface temperatures can fluctuate from 24 ° C to 32 ° C. The air temperature near the floor 20-27 ° C, and at head level, it is 17-24 ° C. Here are given such a wide temperature range because of warm floors equipped accurate thermostats, allowing easy set the desired temperature, which is then maintained for a long time. It turns out that the most pleasant temperature is just where we reside. Hence, a heightened sense of comfort, but still lower fuel consumption or electricity. Heat flux, and therefore comfort, can be controlled by the thermostat. In the case of water in doses of sex, we supplied hot water, and in the case of electric floor - the amount of electricity. Due to this, and maintain the temperature of the floor. Warm floors can operate in two modes: simple comfort (or warm), sex, or complete heating system. However, this classification applies generally to electric sex. These systems differ only in that in the first case, the power per square meter of floor surface is lower than in the second case, and for a complete home heating system it is simply not enough. Typically, power for comfortable floor of 90-150 W/m2. Its value depends on many parameters, which fully take into account is often impossible. For example, if the premises are reconstructed, and it satisfied with heated floors, then we have two options. First - to disassemble the old floor to a depth of 10 cm and make a new floor - with the fuel elements in the body of concrete ties and good, more than 3-centimeter layer of thermal insulator underneath. But this is not always possible, as it is impossible to raise the floor level to a height of 10 cm second option seems simple: the existing floor is laid fuel elements, pouring over the producing a thin layer (2-3 cm) cable ties. But in the first case we have an opportunity to lay a thick layer of insulation (3-5 cm), and pour concrete over a thickness of about 5 cm, whereas in the latter case, we do not even know what is in the body of the old floor. There may lie metal beams or other structures that will remove heat even on street walls. Therefore, if you can put a layer of insulation, the power per square meter of the floor will be small - 90-120 W/m2. A layer of insulation if not, it will have to compensate the heat loss of excess installed capacity. Arranging a system of full central heating, initially produce thermal calculation, and only then - to select the required equipment. At full heating system looks very tempting to heat accumulation. The idea is that if the floors, electric, then the cable zamonolichivayut in a thick concrete floor (no less than 10-15 cm), which plays the role of the water tank. This solution is used for heating offices, industrial areas and where there are no people at night. After all reasonably possible to heat the floor at night when the electricity grid is produced in abundance and it is cheap, and in the afternoon to take lessons for a warm night. The same system can also be constructed on the basis of water-heated floors. Only there will play the role of water tank capacity of a special drive in which the coolant is heated to maximum temperature. Then, using special valves are added to this heated coolant is circulating in the system that allows long-term use of previously accumulated heat. In direct heating control system constantly monitors the room temperature and if necessary, includes heating, regardless of time of day. Any heating system - it is a complicated project, and its embodiment in the life to be trusted only to qualified professionals. On manufacturing techniques, as mentioned above, and water and electric underfloor heating are very similar: how to lay cables and pipes are the same. Cables require a little more careful handling and casting, since you can not avoid the appearance of air bubbles in the concrete - it can lead to overheating of the cable and internal damage. Each of these systems have their advantages and disadvantages. For example, electrical systems require no maintenance during the operation, but electricity is more expensive than other sources of heat. Very easy to manage the process of heating electric underfloor heating, since the thermostat is put in each room, but large areas have to put extra, sometimes an expensive electrical equipment. Radiant floors can often do without ties: the whole assembly takes place in several layers of gypsum plasterboard, which forms the floor construction. Due to the thermostatic control valve and the room temperature maintained with high accuracy. Water floor - out of competition, if you want to heat large areas. If floor space is small, then there apart from the competition floor electric. The real life of warm floors - more than 50 years, heating systems based on them can save 10-15% of energy used for heating: it warms up we are only a layer of air in which there are people. And this economy is more pronounced the higher the ceiling height. The popularity of these heating systems is growing. Thus, in Sweden 90% of newly built homes equipped with a heating system with underfloor heating, Finland - 50%.
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