Options for hot water

Andrei Ivanov, a modern house is unthinkable without hot water. If the warm season, the need for heating fades into the background, the need for hot water does not disappear throughout the year. It is difficult to provide a comfortable life if you can not wash dishes, wash and take a shower. It is obvious that in the absence of centralized hot water supply, use special equipment. For this purpose designed water heaters (instantaneous and cumulative), which by the way the installation can be: - self-contained - built into the design of individual boiler heating system. The choice of the modern water heating equipment is wide enough. Pros and cons are of each type, so the task of the user - to find the most acceptable option to refer not only to their own needs, but also taking into account the peculiarities of the infrastructure where they live. You should know that there are certain limitations that affect product selection. Depending on the type of energy source, stand-alone devices for hot water can be electric or run on gas. It is obvious that the installation of gas water heater is most appropriate in the case of connection to the central line (there are models that run on gas balloon, but their operational cost is high enough). If the "blue fuel" is absent, the choice made in favor of electrical equipment. In addition to these critical conditions, there are still a number of factors upon which to some extent will depend on rational choice of water heating equipment. Namely: the need for a quantity of hot water and mode of consumption (depending on the number of points of intake and the number of residents - see Table 1), the performance of the instrument, the state grid, design and architectural solutions, environmental, adjusted service, price, and Of course, the presence in a house with running water. Table 1 The average need for 1 person in hot water (l). Hot water flow at the point of withdrawal (approx.) (l / min). Power flowing water heating equipment at points of withdrawal (KW) sink / wash-basin sink in the kitchen sink shower bath / shower wash basin Combined points / shower sink tub jacuzzi 15 25 70 - 100 180 1.8 - 2 of about 4 over 4 06/03 July 1910 - 20 26 - 32 stand-alone electric water heaters with electrical heaters are divided into the flow and storage. Flowing water heats up almost instantly by passing it through the body with termoelektronagrevatelem (TEN). It works automatically, immediately after the hot water tap. Benefits flowing from the heater quite a lot: compact size, instant heating and, hence, constantly available hot water. Devices of this type with a capacity of 3 - 6 kW are designed for standard voltage is 220 V. Their performance - 2 - 3 L / min. Hot water temperature 25 - 30 ? C (in the functioning of the device based on the principle: the less water passes through a heat exchanger, so it is very hot). At the points of water diversion from the greater need for hot water, a more powerful (from 7 to 32 kW and above) the water heater. Typically, home wiring is not designed to connect such a powerful device, so its power will require a separate line with its own circuit breaker, wiring and grounding the respective sections. Water heaters with capacity exceeding 10 kW (for example, the German SIEMENS) are designed for three-phase power. In addition, such models can be used at only one point of water intake. These restrictions and are the main constraints of use of devices of this type. The second type of electric water heaters - storage (boilers) that are equipped with a capacity for a set amount of water from 10 to 500 liters and above. In contrast to the flow, where hot water starts at the point of consumption, in storage water heaters heat water to a predetermined temperature is in advance, usually using relatively low power. Structurally the boilers are arranged as follows: insulated container with a heating element (Tan) inside and outside the enamel coating; on it are usually located controls heating. The temperature can be set on the thermostat in the range from 7 ? C to 85 ? C. Water is heated to a predetermined level, which is then maintained automatically by a thermostat, turns on and off heaters. Modern high-quality insulation to effectively prevent heat loss and keeps water hot for a long time. The important role played by the choice of boiler capacity, which depends on the rate of heating water. Storage water heaters of small volumes (100 l) usually have a capacity of 2 kW and are powered by 220V (for example, TI Tronic ARISTON of Russian production). For larger volumes this is not enough, because water in them will be heated for too long. To address this shortcoming, some firms offer a model volume of 50-150 L and 200-500 L, which have, in addition to regular mode, the accelerated heating at power up to 6 kW. Storage water heaters are very popular, firstly, because of low power heating element that allows you to install them in almost any room. The second advantage is that the heated water can be spent vodozabornymi several points simultaneously. Choosing a water heater, must proceed from the fact that devices in volume 5-15 l "cope" with only a sink and wash basin. Water heaters with capacity of 30-50 liters, you can use for a shower. If you plan to use the bathroom, you need a tank with a capacity of 80-150 liters. If the demand for hot water even more, it is advisable to use outdoor water heater to 200-500 hp. Stand-alone gas water heating appliances Like an electric, gas water heaters are also divided on the flow and storage. Instantaneous water heaters, gas-fueled, is a geyser. Structurally, it consists of a metal body, which is located inside the burner, heat exchanger passes through the water, and automation, ensuring its safe operation, including protection from boiling. When you open the tap water valve is opened and fed into the burner. Products of combustion are removed through a chimney at the top of the box, and hot water pipe going to the consumer. There are two options: piezo or electric burner ignition. Gas water heaters with pezorozzhigom activated by pressing a special button, and if you disable the column remains on ignition fuse, which provides further ignite the burner. In the columns with an electric ignition battery (eg, ARISTON FAST) inclusion is automatic, due to an electric spark. Water heaters with electric ignition economical, as there is no igniter with a constantly burning flame. Modern speakers are protected from accidents and disabled in case of overheating, lack of traction the chimney in case of flame extinction, gas leak, lack of water in a heat exchanger, etc. Gas water heaters are widely used due to its compactness. Performance of these devices for hot water is from 10 to 17 l / min. at a power of 17 kW to 30 kW and a minimum water pressure of 0,1 to 1,0 bar. Scope of the other types of devices operating on gas - gas storage water heaters - is somewhat limited. The reason - big enough size. However, if the area allows, it is better to use them. Structurally, gas water heaters made in the form of a cylindrical heat-insulated tank, which is displayed at the top of the chimney, and is located at the bottom of the burner. Like gas water heaters, the unit has controls and security: an indicator of heating, the primary and backup thermostat, thermometer for temperature control water heating. With a working thermostat you can set the desired water temperature in the range of 40-72 ? C. In devices of this type of combined potential reserves of hot water for future use with its heating by fairly powerful gas burners 7-26 kW. Water heater of 150 liters (eg, ARISTON SGA 150) is enough to provide three - four points of the water pumping. It should be borne in mind that the amount of storage is chosen based on the individual consumer requests, the number of residents in the house, as well as the types of flow of water (bath, shower, etc.) In this case, the procedure for calculating the necessary capacity of hot water temperature of 40 ? C in a one-time recalculation use by one person may be next. Table 1 shows that the maximum flow of hot water occurs when using the bathroom. The boiler is capable to heat the water to 70 ? C. Economical mode of operation of the equipment of this type - 60 ? C. Calculations based on the following proposed method show that the dilution of one hundred liters of hot water with cold water, equal to 10 ? C (average water temperature in the water) can be obtained: Mm = = = waters with T = 40 ? C, where: Mm-volume dilution (l ), m2 - the volume of heated water (l), T1 - temperature of heated water (? C), T2 - temperature of cold water in the water (? C) Tm is the temperature of the water that you want to get (? C). The main advantage of gas water heaters is their resistance to the pressure drop of water and gas. Job security apparatus provides four degrees of protection: it automatically shuts down with a decrease in draft in the chimney, with extinction pilot burner or if you have any technical failure, and the main burner is turned on only when water enters the heat exchanger and in the presence of pilot flame. Individual hot water system (HWS) on the basis of the boiler system of hot water in individual homes and per-apartment heating, usually mounted on the base of the boiler used in the system. This is usually one-or two-circuit gas heat produced as a floor, and in the sconce. Preparation of hot water in them can be implemented as instantaneous or cumulative manner. It should be noted that this type of hot water - the easiest and most convenient way to get enough for a comfortable life of hot water. As a rule, in small houses (150 m2), or in today's systems are used bypass per-apartment heating boilers with running hot water supply scheme (for example, ARISTON UNO, the most compact in its class). This means that if you open the "hot" tap, the boiler starts to work as a geyser (it should be noted that in such systems, hot water is a priority, that is, the whole power of the burner is directed to heating the water consumed). If you parse a few points or the need for warm water is high, it is better to prefer a boiler with an integrated storage tank. In this case the tank is part of the boiler, its capacity is usually 40-60 liters (ARISTON GENIA MAXI). Here the heat produced by the passage of heating water tank located within the contour. The obvious advantages of such systems are sufficient compactness and ability to provide a fairly significant amount of hot water (up to 22 l / min). If you want to heat the building of a large area, it is recommended to use single-loop copper. In this case, to ensure sufficient amount of hot water, it is advisable to use indirect heating boilers. They have a special glands are connected to the heating circuit at the output of the boiler and the hot coolant passing along the inner contour of the tank. In this case, a boiler may have a built-in electric heater, which begins to work, if the gas is temporarily disabled. So far, it is obvious that decent comfort both in the disruption of the centralized hot water supply, and in the conditions of the individual building - the task is quite doable. It is only necessary to objectively evaluate all factors and make an informed choice appropriate heating equipment.