Natalia Aleksyutina log structure is the basis of the wooden house. Despite the fact that this method of construction appeared long ago, now he continues to enjoy great popularity. Construction chopped walls when horizontally stacked logs joined at the corners vrubkami, known more CO of Old Rus. The very core of the building of such walls is called the frame, each row of logs - the crown. Erection of wooden houses on the principle of the connection log involves stacked logs or boards without using nails. In a wooden house construction, there are two types of log buildings: a log and bruschaty. Felling of debarked logs to log this type of use, as a rule, logs with a diameter of 180 to 300 mm. However, one of the latest trends - the increase Dimetra to 40-45 cm for log house trying to use only the conifers, as they form the barrel most correct, and they are subject to rot less than hardwoods. The bottom of the framework should be the thickest, ie about 5 cm thick all subsequent ones, and it can be made of oak or larch. To log as tightly as possible adjacent to each other in the construction of walls, the bottom side of a semicircular groove is cut about the size of 12 cm, but, in general, the size of the groove depends on the diameter logs, and the wider the groove, the warmer the house. At the corners of the logs can be connected both with the residue, and without it. Chopping the walls with the remainder mainly used for homes that do not sheathe the outside. A house without walls provides balance, on the contrary, the plating. The entire height of the wall all the logs are interconnected by vertical push-pins (or dowels) with a diameter of 3-4 cm, which are arranged in a checkerboard pattern, at a distance of 1,5-2 m from one another. Felling of debarked logs - this is the easiest and most economical type of log. Felling of timber for making log cabins out of logs used sawn softwood rectangular and square. Timber sizes range from 100 to 200 mm depending on the size and purpose design. With regard to the height of the boards, then the outer and inner walls, it should be the same, so is the correct execution of the angular and transverse joints of rims. In the carpenter's practice developed many different connections to rail at the corners. Frequently encountered the so-called finger joint. It has two elements - spike and socket. Spike - a protrusion, which is located at the end of one piece, it is inserted into the socket of the other details. Spikes make single, double and multiple. There are other finger joint: dovetail, gear connection, a round tenon (dowel). In the manufacture of "swallowtail" requires a lot of effort, but it is a reliable and durable connection. If any options cutting crowns joined together with wooden dowels (pins), just as the crowns of log cabins made of logs. Dowel typically have a diameter of 25 mm. Humidity Nagel (dowel) should be significantly below the main timber to ensure the normal process of shrinkage. Shrinkage chopped houses Building houses chopped involves changing the original linear dimensions of the carcass, commonly known as shrinkage. It should be noted that the tree dries (artificial or natural) changes in size only across the grain. Shrinkage along the fibers is negligible, and it can be ignored in the calculations. Shrinkage values ??ranging from 3 to 6%, depending on the actual humidity of the ambient air. Length shrinkage phenomena in the construction of a wooden house in the Northwest region usually lasts 1-3 years. Do not forget that since the start of the heating system in the house will begin a new stage of shrinkage caused by changes in temperature and humidity conditions. However, professional builders technologically account shrinkage phenomenon, and usually this natural process does not cause problems for the client. Just at this time to avoid actions that will prevent shrinkage of the house (walls, installing non-shrink vertical elements such as stairs, securing a fixed window and door frames in the respective openings). How ready are different log? Number of crowns depends on the height and diameter of the log of logs. If the frame does not include the second floor - a height of 3 meters. If the second floor is designed, you'll need to add at least 1-2 m log (depending on the design of the roof). Also comes in a variety of overlogging. Overlogging - a full load bearing wall. Depending on the design of the building may require additional foundation. When the length of the wall more than 6 m, usually more profitable to make overlogging than the connection logs. An important characteristic in the manufacture of log cabins - diameter logs. What it is, the fewer the number of crowns must be put in the frame to achieve the desired height of the house. Depending on climatic conditions and construction purposes, you must select the appropriate diameter. In the middle zone of Russia is 20-24 cm for the home, 18-22 cm for a bath. Diameter of 20-24 cm is enough to the house was comfortable, but with modern standards of thermal conductivity correspond to the logs with a diameter of 40 cm and above. True, the thicker the log, the more cubic log home and therefore more cost framework. Masonry is different in method and degree of processing. It may just be debarked logs or machined logs (manual processing jointer, cylindering on CNC), rail, carriage, polulafet. Erection of wooden buildings on the principle of connection log involves stacked logs or boards without using nails. Way corner joints is also very important when building log cabins. Conning tower "in the bowl" (in oblo "," with the remainder ") - one of the most common corner connection logs in a log cabin. The advantage of this method lies in the fact that the corners of a log house becomes, as they say, warm. They are well protected from rain protruding parts of the logs, and the frame is considered the most stable. Traditionally, when cutting "in the bowl" below the overlying logs are cut transverse semicircular cut-diameter of the underlying timber. Height is chosen to bowl half logs. This is called a round goblet. On the lower side of the groove of each log is made. Another way to connect - log cabin in the leg. Log cabins, log in paw inside hack for finishing (polulafet). Manufacture of walling most common traditional material is the usual debarked logs with an ax. Cleaning wood can also produce Skobelev - ancient instruments, like a sickle. After stripping scraper wood will be more pure and white than in the wooden house of debarked logs. Modern hand tools reduces the gap between the logs to almost zero. Planed planers (jointer) log - a way of machining logs. The tree becomes a solid color, the curvature is removed, fit the size of logs and a natural narrowing of the logs to the butt end. This method requires treatment immediately antiseptic compounds. Round logs - mechanically machined logs. Has a regular cylindrical shape and size throughout its length. Also, immediately requires treatment with antiseptics. Another type of widespread Walling is a timber - an ordinary timber, having a thickness or width of 100-250 mm. Profiled bar - a product of more complex processing. Each blank has grooves for a more precise fit for each other. Structurally, the structure will be stronger and warmer than ordinary lumber. A laminated board - a product of modern technology. Has a complex technological process of using special equipment of the selected, dried and glued together lumber. Obtained after gluing billets profiled. Material is resistant to the environment, durable, and virtually "sits." Special cases of wall material are different carriages (removal from the log of two parallel planes), and derived from a combination of timber and logs. Form of grooves, ridges and planes depend on the used in the processing equipment and the essential role of virtually no role. In the manufacture of wall materials should focus on wood. In the construction is usually used conifer wood because of their wide distribution, relatively regular shape trunk, ease of processing of wood because of its lower density, as well as gummosity - both factors that increase the technical strength of wood. In addition, softwood is characterized by greater corrosion resistance than hardwood, and the action of dilute solutions of mineral acids softwood resists better to the concrete. Pine wood the most versatile for all types of wooden buildings. In addition to improving the physicomechanical and service properties, it remains a long healing resinous aroma. Spruce has less resinous, and larch most dense and resistant to moisture variable. Mechanical treatment of timber has pluses and minuses. The rule here is one: the more removed from the timber, the closer to the middle and the softer wood. The top layer of wood is harder because of the dense growth rings. Close fitting of logs in a log blockhouse If the treatment is tame, then allowed a gap in the crown and legs up to 5 mm, the clearance of the longitudinal groove to 1,5 see if it is rounded on a lathe log - up to 5 mm. This is true for the log of the "raw" wood. Dry material is usually processed on the machines, and gaps there are no more than 3-5 mm. To crowns fit snugly together, they have to pick the bottom of the longitudinal grooves segmentoobraznye, and they have already placed a heater. As for cracks, the lower the probability of their occurrence allows a preliminary natural and artificial drying of logs for log home. True, both of which significantly increase the cost of the material. Natural drying of logs for a log house under the eaves to 18-20% moisture - a long process, artificial drying chambers in 8-10% faster process. However, not every dryer can dry uniformly across the beam thickness, which may increase the likelihood of cracking. True, the cracks eventually become overgrown, shrink considerably reduced in size. If on a log log a crack in 1 cm, it is likely that two or three years it will be 1 mm. Reduce the appearance of cracks will maintain a uniform temperature inside the house. After three or four years of operation, log the probability of occurrence of new fractures dropped to zero. Cracks in the wooden frame easily are sealed with special sealants. A few tips for those wishing to buy a log cabin is well known for the manufacture of log preferred winter forest. He has land, because there is no winter in the tree sap flow and therefore less likelihood of blue. However, to distinguish the winter woods of summer in the dry state is impossible. Just from the pine and spruce log cabin in the final difference only specialist. Density of pine and fir wood is almost identical - 450-500 kg / m ?. More resinous pine wood, so is more resistant to moisture. After drying, all the logs in the log cabin is equally strong and virtually indistinguishable. Pay attention to the purity of the treated surface of logs for log home. With the smooth surface of the water slides and evaporates quickly, "hairy" surface of the timber wooden frame absorbs like a sponge. When installing windows and doors, even after shrinking log leave loose clearance from the top, but their value is determined by an expert in the field and depends on various factors. For example, while 6% of the first shrinkage for the window height of 1.5 m requires a gap 11 cm, and for the doors - 15 cm logs log can lie down for a while until the foundation is poured. Bruce is needed as soon as possible to lay a Wall. Duration of its storage leads to deformation and cracking, especially if it is properly stowed. Log buildings are made throughout the year. Term of production - from one week to several months depending on the size.
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