Types of adhesives for wallpaper adhesives for wallpaper used on the basis of flour, starch, wood glue, resins, latex, rubber and other adhesive materials possessing acceptable processing properties (colorless, necessary adhesion, time setting). Industry produces adhesives in the form of packaged with instructions for preparation and application. If there is no glue factory manufacture adhesives can be made from flour and their waste, as well as potato or corn starch. Pasting a simple wallpaper paste should be prepared without glue. With its adhesive used for gluing surfaces and label paper. Prokleivat and pasting paper can be hot paste, wallpaper is just cool. From the hot glue paint on the wallpaper and soak smeared during priglazhivaniya, so it should be done through a clean paper. Shelf-life glue at a positive temperature one day, when negative - two or three days. Fresh paste has a high bonding strength. Its better to prepare for a day of work. Consumption of any adhesive depends on the roughness of the surface density of the paper and wallpaper. Some wallpapers require double smearing paste and, of course, the ability to work. Paste made of flour or starch is used when a sale is not final. Flour can be replaced by flour dust settles on different structures inside the mill and the flour with the presence of small grains of sand, what happens when after forging grinding millstones. Flour is rye, peklevannaya or peeled, wheat, oats, etc., which has good adhesive ability. Starch can be potato, corn or maize. Flour and starch, pre-screened through a fine sieve. All lumps fray, or crushed, or thrown away. In the paste to increase its bonding capacity was added carpenter's glue, which is brewed typically 10 percent strength, ie, 900 g of water (0.9 liters) take 100 grams of dry glue. Adhesive solution was filtered through a fine sieve or cheesecloth to remove clumps of glue. Straining glue necessary, as it clots, falling under the wallpaper, are often left on their front surface of marble-like spots. First, weigh the material poured into a solid bowl, pour the right amount of warm water and thoroughly stirred until a batter that can pour a thin stream. In this test, there should be no lumps. In another pot boil the right amount of water, pour in boiling water for a thin stream of batter while mixing thoroughly. The resulting mass is heated to paste better than welded. In this case, so all is well mixed. Thick paste can be diluted with boiling water, mix well. Poorly brewed paste has a low bonding strength. When you want to supplement the adhesive, it poured a thin stream and mix. In the hot paste add hot glue in the cold - cold. No matter how well the paste was mixed, it's better to strain through a fine sieve or cheesecloth. From this it becomes more uniform and spread a thin layer on the wallpaper or wall surface. To prevent decay of glue, it is added potassium alum, aluminum, or carbolic acid at the rate of 50 grams of alum or 25 grams of carbolic acid, 0.25 per cent of the fortress at 9 ... 10 l of glue, and as an insecticide for insect control - 0.2 percent borax. Flour, starch or flour dust for the preparation of 10 liters of glue take from 1 kg or more, depending on the type of work and paste wallpaper. Clay added from 100 to 200 g in dry form, but there are glue and without glue. Paste-based adhesive CMC is a loose white mass, sometimes with cream shade. Paste from it do not rot and does not breed bacteria. For retail sale, he packed in bags of 1 kg. CMC is prepared from the adhesive glue two: the paste number 1 - for stickers and wallpaper paste number 2 - for sizing paper and stickers. Paste of glue CMC is recommended to cook in enamelware, and then it is desirable to filter. № 1 paste prepared from 4 parts by weight of adhesive CMC humidity of not more than 20% and 96 parts water. Measure off the right amount of water and heated to a temperature of 18 ... 250 and under stirring added in her glue. The resulting composition is left on the 12:00 to swell and dissolve the glue. During this time of need two or three times to mix. № 2 paste prepared from glue number 1, which is added a filler - a chalk paste 30-percent humidity, filtered through a fine sieve. To 1 liter of glue required 260 g of chalk paste or 200 grams of dry sifted chalk. Cooked paste in a tightly closed container can be stored no more than seven days. Clay CMC in dry form and stored in a dry place indefinitely. Polyvinyl acetate adhesive is prepared in parts by weight of the emulsion of plasticized PVA - 2,5 kg Water - 1 liter. All thoroughly mixed. Term preservation in a closed container at positive temperature for five days. Clay "Bustilat" prepared in parts by mass of mastic "Bustilat" - 3,5 kg, 0,5 liter of water to glue or mastic films "Bustilat" - 3,5 kg, 1 liter of water for gluing surfaces. Shelf life in sealed container for five days. Glue consumption Universal wallpaper paste (England). Flow rate: up to 10 standard rolls of paper light wallpaper. Packing: carton of 200 g. Storage: Keep in a dry place, time constraints did not matter. «TD 2000 '- one of the most economical wallpaper adhesives. One packet (using a simple paper wallpaper) is enough for papering the walls of a small room 3x4 meters. But that's not all - except for the different types of wallpaper, with the help of TD 2000, you can stick the polystyrene tiles. As part of TD 2000 there antiseptic additives that prevent the emergence of mold and mildew. Preparation: Place required amount poured cold water for each specific type of wallpaper can be found on the package (there are abstract in Russian). Package contents poured into water, the mixture is needed within 30 seconds of vigorous stirring. Further, the resulting mass needed from time to time to stir for at least 3 minutes - ready to glue. Wallpaper Glue all kinds (France). Consumption: pack enough for gluing 06.05 standard roll of heavy wallpaper or 7-8 lungs. Packing: carton of 250 g. Storage: storage time is unlimited. Store in a cool, dry place. "Rapid Clay" - environmentally friendly, non-toxic, odorless. After drying, non-staining. Differs from other similar economical consumption, which is especially noticeable when working with heavy vinyl wallpaper. Preparation: gluing vinyl, embossed or foam wallpaper package contents diluted to 6 liters of pure water at room temperature for ordinary wallpaper taken 7 liters. Water in a bucket with sticks "twists" to the formation of the crater, which is uniformly poured glue powder. Emptied the entire contents of the package must prevent another 2-3 minutes and leave to swell. After 10 minutes, again stir well a lot to give it uniformity. Clay is fit for use within a few days after preparation. Adhesive for all types of wallpaper (Germany). Consumption: Heavy Wallpaper box enough to stick to 3-4 standard rolls for easy - 7-8. Packaging: cardboard boxes of 400 g. Storage: unlimited. Store in a cool, dry place. The universality of the "Express" is that the more add water when it is diluted, the more you can wallpaper paste. But, naturally, should not it be taken literally. Dependence is such that the thinner the glue, the easier it should be pasted wallpaper. After drying, the adhesive does not stain. It is harmless to health (clean, no smell). Within minutes after you put fabric wallpaper plastered to the wall, it is possible to move to match the picture. Preparation: pour the contents into the water with continuous stirring. The amount of water depends on the type of wallpaper that you plan to glue, its temperature - about 18-200C. The mixed adhesive should be spaced about 15 minutes, then stir it again. In the prepared state of the adhesive can be stored for two weeks. Adhesive for heavy Wallpaper (France). Coverage: Box enough for gluing 04.05 standard roll of heavy wallpaper. Packing: carton 250 g. Storage: storage time is unlimited. Store in a cool, dry place. "Vinnie the Clay" is a good choice for gluing special wallpaper - vinyl, foam, fabric, polystyrene, etc. You can use it for ordinary paper, but it will not cost - for the same money you can buy two packs of glue for light wallpapers. Of special interest is the properties in the "blame-Glue" additives to prevent mold and mildew. Preparation: the standard technology used to prepare the glue it will take no more than 25 minutes. Like the "Rapid Clay", "Vinnie the glue can be used within a few days after preparation. Adhesives for wallpaper (France). Clay "Express" (Universal wallpaper paste): for all types of wallpaper, packing 250 grams designed for glueing 7.5 standard rolls. Clay "The Special vinyl": for all types of vinyl wallcoverings (including those with vinyl-coated foam), packing 300 grams designed for glueing 5 standard rolls. Wallpaper adhesives Quelyd have widely disseminated. This is evidenced by their presence in almost all shops and construction markets. And this is understandable: it is easy to use, high quality and are inexpensive. As with almost all wallpaper adhesives, these adhesives Quelyd can be mixed in small proportions with PVA glue for greater bonding strength. So if you have a desire to paste over the wall or ceiling wallpaper and then paint them, then such a correction would be one of the most optimal solutions. Preparation: Place the appropriate amount of water is poured into a plastic bucket (the actual amount stated on the packaging) and stirred. In the crater filled up the package contents. 3-5 minutes is a little more stop, then let the paste crap. After 30 minutes you can begin to pasting wallpaper. Glue for light and ordinary wallpaper (Germany). Consumption: pack enough for gluing 8.10 standard rolls of wallpaper. Package: 125-gram cardboard box. Storage: Keep in a dry place. Tapetenkleister designed for easy pasting, and traditional wallpaper lime and cement surfaces, as well as fresh, dried and stucco bases. Characterized by good strength and ability to fit the wallpaper on the stage of fiber bonding. When working with this glue can advise is the same as always: when pokleyke and subsequent drying wallpaper windows and doors is kept closed to avoid drafts - or wallpaper can keep up. Preparation: In a plastic bucket is poured 6,5-7 liters of water that needs to be stirred. Without ceasing to stir, in the crater gradually pour the powder from the package. After 30 minutes the paste is ready. Clay universal (Russia). Consumption: wallpapering - up to 0,35 kg per 1 sq.m. Packing: plastic jerry cans of 1 and 2 kg. Storage: 12 months with positive temperature. "Bustilat-M" - is not purely wallpaper paste, but the old tradition, many will use it for that purpose. However, the "conservatives" should warn that "Bustilatom" If we are gluing, the only heavy wallpaper for easy paper - this is not the best option. In addition, we should remember that unlike modern wallpaper glues, "Bustilat-M has a smell. It is not a harsh, but work with the glue is still recommended to conduct a well-ventilated areas that, in terms of "wallpaper works," not quite right. In general, the best glue to use for its intended purpose - to bond synthetic pile carpet, linoleum (groundless, Fabric and felt bases), polymer tiles, facing tiles, and plastic materials. Adhesive ability "Bustilata" conditioned by the contents therein latex and carboxymethyl cellulose (abbreviated - CMC). Also, it includes special additives are needed to ensure that the glue can be transported at low temperatures without loss of properties. Preparation: The glue is sold already prepared. However, when applying in each case it can be thinned in certain proportions. In particular, when used for priming porous surfaces (before wallpapering), it is diluted at the rate of 1 kg of glue on the 7 liters of water. If you still thought up wallpaper glue them, then raise it is not necessary. When gluing tiles ceramic tiles are allowed as an additive that accelerates the glue, use a mortar at a ratio of one to one with glue. About cement cement-sand mixture are mainly intended for use as masonry and plaster, which is well resistant to compressive force, but have insufficient adhesion (attachment) to a number of construction materials. In addition, to ensure hydration (addition of water), cement, and also to slow the evaporation of water from the solution in an atmosphere of excessive or its absorption into the ground, in some cases have to undertake specific activities (closing the work surface, additionally it wet or warm, etc. ). Construction is especially finishing solutions should retain strength and resist cracking under the influence of tensile and bending loads even when applied in thin layers. To obtain the specified properties of cement-sand mortar modifying chemical additives, which are distinguished by their functional purpose: to accelerate and retard the setting and hardening, hydrophobic (water resistance increase), plasticizer, antifreeze, etc. Thereby achieved the required specifications of solutions allowing for the construction materials used, which ultimately gives the building project required consumer properties, reduces the time of its construction and improves the conditions for its operation. In the manufacture of cement is usually used coefficient: 1 part cement: 3 parts sand. This means that 1 square. m plaster use no more than 1,5 kg of cement with a layer of plaster of 10 mm. But to control consumption of cement is much more difficult than the dry stucco mixture as solution builders do it themselves, which is always a subjective factor. Buying dry mix you with the builder calculates the charge on your plaster on the basis of square footage and dannah of the expenses specified on the bag of each manufacturer. After that, you ask the builder to call you after they install the beacons in the plastered surface. According to the established lighthouses, you will define whether there is difference in the thickness of your plaster layer from what is indicated on the bag by the manufacturer or not. Of course such records will not allow you to take into account all the up to 100 grams, but a mistake by more than 10 - 15 kg, it also will not allow, and at today's prices at the plaster mixture - this is essential. If the deviation of your plaster layer on the manufacturer's - much - try to calculate a percentage on how much, and therefore how much more will leave the mixture. In any case - the use of technology lighthouse plaster will allow you to avoid fraud and theft. And most importantly allow yourself to understand and intelligently control the process of your repairs. Clay dl tiles ceramic and stone tiles for centuries hold palm among finishing materials. However, longevity and aesthetics of ancient ceramic samples are unlikely to be struck by his contemporaries, if not a reliable tile adhesive - it is thanks to him we can enjoy the beauty of the lining of the ancient Greek temples and residential buildings, as well as Orthodox monasteries, preserved with 16 centuries. Initially the tile adhesive was a mixture of natural ingredients - usually wood resins. Building materials installed in such a composition, not afraid of no sun, no rain. Organic tile adhesive had excellent adhesive properties, suitable for the time elasticity and moisture resistant. Development of ceramic architecture does not leave aside and adhesives: together with improved interior materials and tile adhesive. Encompass virtually all fields of human activity allowed chemistry to create polymer blends: tile adhesive was several times stronger and more elastic, and began to better absorb moisture.
Types of adhesives for wallpaper adhesives for wallpaper used on the basis of flour, starch, wood glue, resins, latex, rubber and other adhesive materials possessing acceptable processing properties (colorless, necessary adhesion, time setting). Industry produces adhesives in the form of packaged with instructions for preparation and application. If there is no glue factory manufacture adhesives can be made from flour and their waste, as well as potato or corn starch. Pasting a simple wallpaper paste should be prepared without glue. With its adhesive used for gluing surfaces and label paper. Prokleivat and pasting paper can be hot paste, wallpaper is just cool. From the hot glue paint on the wallpaper and soak smeared during priglazhivaniya, so it should be done through a clean paper. Shelf-life glue at a positive temperature one day, when negative - two or three days. Fresh paste has a high bonding strength. Its better to prepare for a day of work. Consumption of any adhesive depends on the roughness of the surface density of the paper and wallpaper. Some wallpapers require double smearing paste and, of course, the ability to work. Paste made of flour or starch is used when a sale is not final. Flour can be replaced by flour dust settles on different structures inside the mill and the flour with the presence of small grains of sand, what happens when after forging grinding millstones. Flour is rye, peklevannaya or peeled, wheat, oats, etc., which has good adhesive ability. Starch can be potato, corn or maize. Flour and starch, pre-screened through a fine sieve. All lumps fray, or crushed, or thrown away. In the paste to increase its bonding capacity was added carpenter's glue, which is brewed typically 10 percent strength, ie, 900 g of water (0.9 liters) take 100 grams of dry glue. Adhesive solution was filtered through a fine sieve or cheesecloth to remove clumps of glue. Straining glue necessary, as it clots, falling under the wallpaper, are often left on their front surface of marble-like spots. First, weigh the material poured into a solid bowl, pour the right amount of warm water and thoroughly stirred until a batter that can pour a thin stream. In this test, there should be no lumps. In another pot boil the right amount of water, pour in boiling water for a thin stream of batter while mixing thoroughly. The resulting mass is heated to paste better than welded. In this case, so all is well mixed. Thick paste can be diluted with boiling water, mix well. Poorly brewed paste has a low bonding strength. When you want to supplement the adhesive, it poured a thin stream and mix. In the hot paste add hot glue in the cold - cold. No matter how well the paste was mixed, it's better to strain through a fine sieve or cheesecloth. From this it becomes more uniform and spread a thin layer on the wallpaper or wall surface. To prevent decay of glue, it is added potassium alum, aluminum, or carbolic acid at the rate of 50 grams of alum or 25 grams of carbolic acid, 0.25 per cent of the fortress at 9 ... 10 l of glue, and as an insecticide for insect control - 0.2 percent borax. Flour, starch or flour dust for the preparation of 10 liters of glue take from 1 kg or more, depending on the type of work and paste wallpaper. Clay added from 100 to 200 g in dry form, but there are glue and without glue. Paste-based adhesive CMC is a loose white mass, sometimes with cream shade. Paste from it do not rot and does not breed bacteria. For retail sale, he packed in bags of 1 kg. CMC is prepared from the adhesive glue two: the paste number 1 - for stickers and wallpaper paste number 2 - for sizing paper and stickers. Paste of glue CMC is recommended to cook in enamelware, and then it is desirable to filter. № 1 paste prepared from 4 parts by weight of adhesive CMC humidity of not more than 20% and 96 parts water. Measure off the right amount of water and heated to a temperature of 18 ... 250 and under stirring added in her glue. The resulting composition is left on the 12:00 to swell and dissolve the glue. During this time of need two or three times to mix. № 2 paste prepared from glue number 1, which is added a filler - a chalk paste 30-percent humidity, filtered through a fine sieve. To 1 liter of glue required 260 g of chalk paste or 200 grams of dry sifted chalk. Cooked paste in a tightly closed container can be stored no more than seven days. Clay CMC in dry form and stored in a dry place indefinitely. Polyvinyl acetate adhesive is prepared in parts by weight of the emulsion of plasticized PVA - 2,5 kg Water - 1 liter. All thoroughly mixed. Term preservation in a closed container at positive temperature for five days. Clay "Bustilat" prepared in parts by mass of mastic "Bustilat" - 3,5 kg, 0,5 liter of water to glue or mastic films "Bustilat" - 3,5 kg, 1 liter of water for gluing surfaces. Shelf life in sealed container for five days. Glue consumption Universal wallpaper paste (England). Flow rate: up to 10 standard rolls of paper light wallpaper. Packing: carton of 200 g. Storage: Keep in a dry place, time constraints did not matter. «TD 2000 '- one of the most economical wallpaper adhesives. One packet (using a simple paper wallpaper) is enough for papering the walls of a small room 3x4 meters. But that's not all - except for the different types of wallpaper, with the help of TD 2000, you can stick the polystyrene tiles. As part of TD 2000 there antiseptic additives that prevent the emergence of mold and mildew. Preparation: Place required amount poured cold water for each specific type of wallpaper can be found on the package (there are abstract in Russian). Package contents poured into water, the mixture is needed within 30 seconds of vigorous stirring. Further, the resulting mass needed from time to time to stir for at least 3 minutes - ready to glue. Wallpaper Glue all kinds (France). Consumption: pack enough for gluing 06.05 standard roll of heavy wallpaper or 7-8 lungs. Packing: carton of 250 g. Storage: storage time is unlimited. Store in a cool, dry place. "Rapid Clay" - environmentally friendly, non-toxic, odorless. After drying, non-staining. Differs from other similar economical consumption, which is especially noticeable when working with heavy vinyl wallpaper. Preparation: gluing vinyl, embossed or foam wallpaper package contents diluted to 6 liters of pure water at room temperature for ordinary wallpaper taken 7 liters. Water in a bucket with sticks "twists" to the formation of the crater, which is uniformly poured glue powder. Emptied the entire contents of the package must prevent another 2-3 minutes and leave to swell. After 10 minutes, again stir well a lot to give it uniformity. Clay is fit for use within a few days after preparation. Adhesive for all types of wallpaper (Germany). Consumption: Heavy Wallpaper box enough to stick to 3-4 standard rolls for easy - 7-8. Packaging: cardboard boxes of 400 g. Storage: unlimited. Store in a cool, dry place. The universality of the "Express" is that the more add water when it is diluted, the more you can wallpaper paste. But, naturally, should not it be taken literally. Dependence is such that the thinner the glue, the easier it should be pasted wallpaper. After drying, the adhesive does not stain. It is harmless to health (clean, no smell). Within minutes after you put fabric wallpaper plastered to the wall, it is possible to move to match the picture. Preparation: pour the contents into the water with continuous stirring. The amount of water depends on the type of wallpaper that you plan to glue, its temperature - about 18-200C. The mixed adhesive should be spaced about 15 minutes, then stir it again. In the prepared state of the adhesive can be stored for two weeks. Adhesive for heavy Wallpaper (France). Coverage: Box enough for gluing 04.05 standard roll of heavy wallpaper. Packing: carton 250 g. Storage: storage time is unlimited. Store in a cool, dry place. "Vinnie the Clay" is a good choice for gluing special wallpaper - vinyl, foam, fabric, polystyrene, etc. You can use it for ordinary paper, but it will not cost - for the same money you can buy two packs of glue for light wallpapers. Of special interest is the properties in the "blame-Glue" additives to prevent mold and mildew. Preparation: the standard technology used to prepare the glue it will take no more than 25 minutes. Like the "Rapid Clay", "Vinnie the glue can be used within a few days after preparation. Adhesives for wallpaper (France). Clay "Express" (Universal wallpaper paste): for all types of wallpaper, packing 250 grams designed for glueing 7.5 standard rolls. Clay "The Special vinyl": for all types of vinyl wallcoverings (including those with vinyl-coated foam), packing 300 grams designed for glueing 5 standard rolls. Wallpaper adhesives Quelyd have widely disseminated. This is evidenced by their presence in almost all shops and construction markets. And this is understandable: it is easy to use, high quality and are inexpensive. As with almost all wallpaper adhesives, these adhesives Quelyd can be mixed in small proportions with PVA glue for greater bonding strength. So if you have a desire to paste over the wall or ceiling wallpaper and then paint them, then such a correction would be one of the most optimal solutions. Preparation: Place the appropriate amount of water is poured into a plastic bucket (the actual amount stated on the packaging) and stirred. In the crater filled up the package contents. 3-5 minutes is a little more stop, then let the paste crap. After 30 minutes you can begin to pasting wallpaper. Glue for light and ordinary wallpaper (Germany). Consumption: pack enough for gluing 8.10 standard rolls of wallpaper. Package: 125-gram cardboard box. Storage: Keep in a dry place. Tapetenkleister designed for easy pasting, and traditional wallpaper lime and cement surfaces, as well as fresh, dried and stucco bases. Characterized by good strength and ability to fit the wallpaper on the stage of fiber bonding. When working with this glue can advise is the same as always: when pokleyke and subsequent drying wallpaper windows and doors is kept closed to avoid drafts - or wallpaper can keep up. Preparation: In a plastic bucket is poured 6,5-7 liters of water that needs to be stirred. Without ceasing to stir, in the crater gradually pour the powder from the package. After 30 minutes the paste is ready. Clay universal (Russia). Consumption: wallpapering - up to 0,35 kg per 1 sq.m. Packing: plastic jerry cans of 1 and 2 kg. Storage: 12 months with positive temperature. "Bustilat-M" - is not purely wallpaper paste, but the old tradition, many will use it for that purpose. However, the "conservatives" should warn that "Bustilatom" If we are gluing, the only heavy wallpaper for easy paper - this is not the best option. In addition, we should remember that unlike modern wallpaper glues, "Bustilat-M has a smell. It is not a harsh, but work with the glue is still recommended to conduct a well-ventilated areas that, in terms of "wallpaper works," not quite right. In general, the best glue to use for its intended purpose - to bond synthetic pile carpet, linoleum (groundless, Fabric and felt bases), polymer tiles, facing tiles, and plastic materials. Adhesive ability "Bustilata" conditioned by the contents therein latex and carboxymethyl cellulose (abbreviated - CMC). Also, it includes special additives are needed to ensure that the glue can be transported at low temperatures without loss of properties. Preparation: The glue is sold already prepared. However, when applying in each case it can be thinned in certain proportions. In particular, when used for priming porous surfaces (before wallpapering), it is diluted at the rate of 1 kg of glue on the 7 liters of water. If you still thought up wallpaper glue them, then raise it is not necessary. When gluing tiles ceramic tiles are allowed as an additive that accelerates the glue, use a mortar at a ratio of one to one with glue. About cement cement-sand mixture are mainly intended for use as masonry and plaster, which is well resistant to compressive force, but have insufficient adhesion (attachment) to a number of construction materials. In addition, to ensure hydration (addition of water), cement, and also to slow the evaporation of water from the solution in an atmosphere of excessive or its absorption into the ground, in some cases have to undertake specific activities (closing the work surface, additionally it wet or warm, etc. ). Construction is especially finishing solutions should retain strength and resist cracking under the influence of tensile and bending loads even when applied in thin layers. To obtain the specified properties of cement-sand mortar modifying chemical additives, which are distinguished by their functional purpose: to accelerate and retard the setting and hardening, hydrophobic (water resistance increase), plasticizer, antifreeze, etc. Thereby achieved the required specifications of solutions allowing for the construction materials used, which ultimately gives the building project required consumer properties, reduces the time of its construction and improves the conditions for its operation. In the manufacture of cement is usually used coefficient: 1 part cement: 3 parts sand. This means that 1 square. m plaster use no more than 1,5 kg of cement with a layer of plaster of 10 mm. But to control consumption of cement is much more difficult than the dry stucco mixture as solution builders do it themselves, which is always a subjective factor. Buying dry mix you with the builder calculates the charge on your plaster on the basis of square footage and dannah of the expenses specified on the bag of each manufacturer. After that, you ask the builder to call you after they install the beacons in the plastered surface. According to the established lighthouses, you will define whether there is difference in the thickness of your plaster layer from what is indicated on the bag by the manufacturer or not. Of course such records will not allow you to take into account all the up to 100 grams, but a mistake by more than 10 - 15 kg, it also will not allow, and at today's prices at the plaster mixture - this is essential. If the deviation of your plaster layer on the manufacturer's - much - try to calculate a percentage on how much, and therefore how much more will leave the mixture. In any case - the use of technology lighthouse plaster will allow you to avoid fraud and theft. And most importantly allow yourself to understand and intelligently control the process of your repairs. Clay dl tiles ceramic and stone tiles for centuries hold palm among finishing materials. However, longevity and aesthetics of ancient ceramic samples are unlikely to be struck by his contemporaries, if not a reliable tile adhesive - it is thanks to him we can enjoy the beauty of the lining of the ancient Greek temples and residential buildings, as well as Orthodox monasteries, preserved with 16 centuries. Initially the tile adhesive was a mixture of natural ingredients - usually wood resins. Building materials installed in such a composition, not afraid of no sun, no rain. Organic tile adhesive had excellent adhesive properties, suitable for the time elasticity and moisture resistant. Development of ceramic architecture does not leave aside and adhesives: together with improved interior materials and tile adhesive. Encompass virtually all fields of human activity allowed chemistry to create polymer blends: tile adhesive was several times stronger and more elastic, and began to better absorb moisture. Number of firms offering universal and exclusive adhesives, is growing every day, and the number of titles tile adhesive is huge. In order not to "get stuck" in a sea of ??proposals should define the basic types of glue. The first tile adhesive is characterized by specific building materials: for ceramic and stone tiles there are different formulations. Functional features of the tiles also determine the type of adhesive: there are mixtures for lining the floor, walls, or to cause a mosaic pattern and the facades of buildings. In a separate category includes compositions for finishing facilities with high humidity (swimming pools, saunas, fountains). Interesting development in recent years are the special cold-resistant formulations, allowing to work in sub-zero temperatures. Glue for the tiles, as well as all sorts of "bulk" materials has its allowable costs, which, incidentally, curled on many factors. They are dealt and discussed below. For nearly half a century for facing tiles served as the cement-sand mortar in the proportion of 1:3, but rare - for facing facades used plasticizer. Further, with the improvement of chemistry appeared cement mortars, which contain polymer additives that change the structure and its properties, reduced in a solution of water permeability, porosity, and increased strength, elasticity, adhesion. Previously, solutions were prepared in a production environment, and issued in the form of dry mixes, or as a liquid component. At the beginning of the solutions included latex or calcium chloride, ammonia, casein and added to PVA. Now increase the strength of fixing the tiles in 20 times, and it's better than using a cement-sand mortar. Dry mixes in modern chemistry provide the perfect adaptability, can only be diluted with water. Requirements include a lack of basis on the surface of dust, oil, cement glue, water-soluble dyes, etc. The substrate must be firm and clean. Concrete surfaces should not be subject to shrinkage (ie, not be "younger" than 6 months). For outdoor work surfaces should be cleaned of mineral and debilitating grasp of substance. Before laying the tile adhesive small irregularities are smoothed out. Complex (plastic, ceramic, painted with water-insoluble compounds), the surface must be strong, without dirt, washed with water and soda (solution 1:9), oshkureny to create texture and again washed. Drywall should be primed according to manufacturer's recommendations. Stirring the mixture is performed manually or with a mixer in accordance with the recipe to obtain a uniform consistency. Adding too much water can lead to loss-fixing properties of the adhesive. In this case, should be added to a solution of the dry mixture and mix again. Application of the solution on the basis of performing smooth with a spatula and then spread over the surface of a notched trowel. Dimensions of teeth spatula determined by the size of tile: glue consumption may vary depending on the size of the tiles is almost twice (for example, from 2 to 4 kg / sq. M). In the process should take into account the time of application of the solution - the solution should be applied to that area, which can be oblitsevat tiles within 10-15 minutes (for quick-setting glue - 5 minutes) until the solution fresh. This time depends on the degree of water absorption in the base, temperature and ventilation. Drying adhesive spread can happen when it is applied to too large a surface: the upper layer of mortar covered with a thin film, which weakens the grasp of a tile. Sign of this is neprilipanie mixture to the fingers when touched. Time before drying is also called "time korkoobrazovaniya. In this case, caused by the adhesive should be removed and mix again. Tiled surface densely pristukivaya or pushing into the solution in small rotary movements. You can edit the tiles for about 10 minutes (for quick-setting glue - 5 minutes), depending on the absorbency of water in the base. Tile laid with open joints, horizontal joints on the walls are aligned with a special string (cord), or "crosses" that are removed when the solution is hardened enough to withstand the weight of the tiles. Solution should not rise by more than half the depth of the seam. Check shvatyvaemost tiles with a solution is possible, if we separate it and see the reverse side. For good shvatyvaemosti should be covered with glue, at least 90% of the back of the tiles, or 80% - for a porous. For some types of tiles to achieve the best shvatyvaemosti, consider the direction of the pattern on the back of the tiles and the shape of notches on the trowel. You should not walk on the floor, tiled to full drying of the solution (usually 2-3 days for fast drying glue - 2 hours, on the basis of non-absorbent - 4 hours). Grout intertiled joints can be performed when the pavement brickwork dry out enough. Drying time depends on the type of tile for floor tile drying time - at least 2-3 days. Paul should not have a full load for 2 weeks. Incorporation of deformation (for the separation of large areas) and the connecting joints (between the concrete and light walls, between floors and walls and connections between materials of different origin) is performed with special elastic materials - silicone mastic. Warm floors is recommended that you warm up and then turn off the heating for 1-3 days in advance. Heating can be switched on again 2 days after grouting. Concrete surface before laying tile moistened. Cleaning tool from the remnants of the solution operates with water immediately after use. "Colorful" consumption have different colors miscellaneous expenses, but when it comes to special materials. For conventional inks and consumption is approximately the same. However, please note two things: paint - is to protect the surface from external influence and paint - decorative material. However, for the protection is still necessary to apply a second coat. This is because that may cause cracks in one layer, the other closes it, and the abrasive action of the environment. The same rain due to dust particles can in principle be regarded as sandpaper. Now - about the expense. In principle, the average consumption of about 100-120 ml (150 g) per 1 square meter in one layer. However, some foreign firms, or more precisely, even some of his ideas. Obviously, this is historical. The most realistic picture give the Netherlands and France. In Germany and Sweden indicate an overvalued rate, considering it seems that part of the droplets fall to the ground and other losses. England has the inclination to rolling paint, ie, with good surface preparation in the presence of actual consumption experience, but to achieve it is not easy - especially paint ICI, not presented here. At a smaller flow rate of enamel, 80-100 ml per 1 m2 in a single layer, or even less, but here as well) tend malovpityvayuschie painted surfaces (metal), b) the surface shpaklyuetsya. Evaluation of the exact amount of paint needed for specific work includes in addition to the theoretical rate various losses which are inevitable in "turning" cans of paint in a film on the selected surface. Experienced contractors with knowledge of the state of local objects, its labor force, etc., are the best evaluators to determine the exact amount of paint. These remarks are intended only to supplement the experience, describing the main types of losses. Here we consider two types of losses. "The apparent loss, the thickness of the paint on the surface does not correspond to the desired value, and the" actual loss "when the paint is lost or wasted. When painting a surface after sanding paint thickness on the peak profile will be less abrasive than in the valleys. Overall, however, the thickness of paint on the peaks is the most important indicator of the coating. Therefore we can assume that the paint which does not contribute to this thickness, "lost in the steel profile. The surface profile is formed by sandblasting, consequently, the degree of "loss" of paint is proportional to the grain-size composition of the used abrasive. After use as an abrasive circular metal fractions influence of roughness on the losses of paint slightly. But when sandblasting is performed at the facility rough grit (coarse sand or gravel), then the correction needed to paint, "lost in the profile, is significant. In carrying out painting work is often necessary to determine the number of colors G (n), the need for staining specific surface area S (m2). In this case, proceed from the thickness of the dry film coating dft (micron), as specified in the documentation for the application work, and the volume fraction of solids in the dry film coating PB (%) specified in the manufacturer's documentation for paint. The actual loss staining There are real losses of paint when painting. For example, paint that drips from the brush or roller moving on the capacity of paint to the painted surface. Caution when these losses can be neglected. However, the expansion of the reach of the painter can increase this type of loss in extreme cases up to 5%. When the painting is made by spraying, losses are inevitable, and their value depends on the shape of the object, and the weather conditions at the time of staining.
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