Vitaly Lviv Do you do repairs in an apartment or begin to build a private house, you have still faced with work directly related to painting and painting facilities. Today's lack of information regarding the coatings can aggravate your situation regarding the repair of your dwellings. Is it not better once and for all to read and learn all the necessary information? What prevents the notorious "teapot" to become a true master of his craft? Yes, almost anything but a substantial lack of knowledge. Practice - come with time, it would wish. But with the information - a big problem. Paint material - the product has the ability when applying a thin layer on a product form on the surface of a protective or decorative film (coating). Coatings in the construction industry solve two main tasks: to protect the surface of various materials from destruction under the influence of atmospheric factors; perform artistic aesthetic function (creation of a supportive human environment). Among the coating materials used in construction, can be roughly distinguish four main groups: the facade paints, including primers, impregnation, paint, interior, paint for metal protection against corrosion, paints, varnishes, adhesives for wood. Basic paint materials are classified by type, chemical composition and the preferential destination of the material. To paint materials include enamels, paints, varnishes, primers, sealers. In the paint industry, there are common terms and definitions of basic types of paint materials and their components. Paint coating - coating formed on the surface of the product after applying it to one or several layers of paint materials and possessing sufficient adhesion to the substrate. Paints, coatings are called natural, artificial or synthetic paints and varnishes, deposited a thin layer on the surface of buildings, structures, components. Prior to paint formulations to harden (dry out) and form a thin film layers. Coatings are used to protect metal products against corrosion and wood and plaster surfaces - from destruction. Lacquer - a solution film-forming substances in organic solvents or water, which forms after curing (drying) of solid, homogeneous and transparent film. Enamel - a suspension of pigments or their mixtures with fillers in the lacquer forming after drying opaque solid film with a different gloss and surface texture, the degree of gloss enamel are divided into: glossy, semi-gloss, matte, semi. Paint - a suspension of pigments or their mixtures with fillers in varnishes, emulsion, latex or other film-forming substances that form after drying opaque, uniform film. Paints are divided into: oil (based on linseed oil), water-based (based on aqueous dispersions of synthetic polymers). Primer - a suspension of pigments or mixtures of pigments with fillers in the film-forming substances that form after drying opaque film with good adhesion to the substrate. In addition, they protect the metal from corrosion. Putty - a viscous paste-like mass consisting of a mixture of pigments, fillers, and film-forming substance and intended to fill the irregularities and depressions to be painted. Linseed oil - film-forming liquid - a product of processing of vegetable oils with the introduction of dryers to accelerate drying. Application - that is the question the application of protective coatings is mandatory and necessary not only for the construction of new buildings and facilities, but also to maintain in good condition previously established structures, which is achieved by periodic re-painting. It should be remembered that each year in the national economy destroyed by corrosion up to 2% of the total in-use of ferrous metals, and therefore delayed the resumption of protective coverings, including paint, can lead to a significant increase in the loss of metal from corrosion. Coatings are transparent and opaque. When finishing the mobile furniture, parts, built-in cabinets, veneered door panels and veneer, but made from precious wood, use a transparent coating of a thin film of lacquer. Such coatings are obtained by using solutions of natural and synthetic resins in volatile solvents. Application of this type of coating called lacquer and has a mostly ornamental value. Varnishing emphasizes the texture of wood, giving it greater depth and relief, making it a darker color, due to a mixed reflection of the light beam incident on the varnished surface. When should I trim cover is not particularly attractive surface design or create a heavy-duty coating that can protect the surface from harmful weather conditions, use pigmented opaque coating. Such coatings forming on the surface of an opaque film that hides the structure of the material, called overtones. They are produced by mixing colored powders - pigments - with water, nonaqueous and emulsion binders. In the varnishing and painting is particularly important substance that can form a film. It must be tightly coupled to the substrate or, as they say, have good adhesion and film - elasticity, hardness, when necessary impermeability to vapor and moisture, resistance to weathering and to acids. In some cases, a film-forming substance, while a number of requirements: frost resistance, resistance to variable temperatures and mechanical stress, increased water resistance, etc. So, when painting metal structures of bridge farms and farms of industrial buildings, metal roofing, used in atmospheric conditions, the colorful the film should have corrosion resistance, water resistance and flexibility, able to withstand without failure the linear change of the metal at different temperatures. More stringent requirements apply to the film when painting metal surfaces of ship hulls and storage tanks that are designed for storage of acids. Therefore, when stained with different purpose structures should apply different quality materials, and for this you need to know the properties of ink films of various binders. Coatings are of great importance in the purely hygienic, and sanitary, for facilitating the maintenance of cleanliness in the buildings, structures, and particularly in hospitals, clinics, sanatoriums, rest homes and schools. Therefore, the surface exposed to contamination and require constant clean, paint formulations, the film is that you can without damaging it, rinse with clean water and water containing antiseptic or detergent. Huge role to play as a means of painted decorative finishes, and correctly picked the color design of production facilities reduces fatigue of the workers. Proper selection of colors is even more important due to the introduction into the practice of building new, more simple forms of buildings, which give expression to an appropriate color scheme. The color can liven up the appearance of buildings, the ensemble with the color of neighboring houses, etc. Can I do one color? Now that the reader has an idea how to paint classified, what kinds there are, I would like to understand why there is such diversity, whether it is possible to do any one color, if possible, inexpensive? With the help of traditional paints and enamels general-purpose oil-or alkyd-based, for example, the MA-15 or PF-115, it can be done. Coverage obtained using these materials, it is of satisfactory quality and protective properties, and decorative. If the quality of raw materials from our vendors would be as high as 50 years ago, when China supplied from tung oil, the strength and durability of coatings formed by these materials would have been longer, and the popularity of these colors would be strengthened further . However, in the current economic conditions, the use of high-quality raw materials is difficult due to lack of proposals from the market of raw materials. In other words, good raw materials is small and it is costly, so any and all producers of paint products must be found cheaper, but an acceptable substitute costly and scarce raw material components in order to paint and varnish products for household and DIY stores was available at a price and has the necessary consumer qualities. And if you want to paint some surface quickly, and the enamel PF-115 dry 24 hours - and this is only one layer? Then the choice falls on the enamel on the basis of synthetic polymers such as nitrocellulose (NC-132). If you want chemical resistance coating, use perchlorovinyl enamel. If you need a heat resistance up to 400 C and above - silicone enamel. For painting of premises for environmental reasons it is expedient to use water-dispersion paints. They do not emit in the use of harmful toxic organic solvents (as in the case of organo-soluble dyes), form a vapor permeable coating for coloring, which is very important to create a favorable microclimate in a residential area. Incidentally, the modern water-dispersion paints are able to replace in some cases, traditional oil paints, PF-115, nitrocellulose. For the most sophisticated users and people with a creative approach to life, there are decorative paints, able to create a unique configuration, pattern, color or elevation. This type of paint Venetian plaster, mikrokapsulnye multikolernye, paint with hammer effect, etc. They are used for unconventional designs of the space. In short, there is a great variety of colors, and everything here depends on what requirements to the paint makes the consumer: what kind and quality should be able to cover, what time, under what conditions it will be, what special features will perform, etc. etc. If you look at the future through the prism of today, when construction technology improved, and erased stereotypes in design decisions, implementation of new modern building materials, will remain a need in the paint for the repair and construction in the future? The role of paint in the building will not diminish, but the colors will change significantly. Obviously, the colors become more environmentally friendly, that is, the vast majority of paint will still be treated to form a water-dispersion. Organorastvorimye paint will be produced with high solids, that is low in organic solvents. Not excluded the return on the market of oil paints, but higher quality. Paint will not only have excellent barrier properties and long-life, presumably not less than 10 years, but will enable consumers to create the specified shine, drawing, relief various optical effects. Already, in the laboratories of the leading manufacturers of paint products abroad, conducted research to develop smart coatings that can change its physical and chemical properties depending on the conditions that enable actively oppose the destructive environmental factors and increase the life cover at times. Stained with accommodation for each surface designed its product well to withstand the environment for which it was intended. For example, for kitchens and bathrooms provided resistant to washing and wearing paint (usually with high-gloss), while for the ceilings in the living rooms and bedrooms quite perfectly matte paint, for which the resistance to washing is not essential. Paint provided for internal surfaces, are not strong enough film to resist weathering. With the right choice of paint or varnish, your surface is permanently retain priglyadny form without the need for its annual repainting. Paint not only creates the aesthetic effect, but also provides reliable protection of structures against corrosion and surface of the walls from collapsing. In addition, modern compositions for painting works extend the life of the home. In shops you can buy ready-made paints and varnishes or semi-finished, easy to use. In addition to the work necessary solvents and thinners (turpentine, mineral spirits, acetone), driers, as well as supporting a mixture of paint (primer, putty, podmazochnye paste). Basic steps for painting works: clearing and leveling (smoothing) of the surface, applying a primer composition of bedding defective places, Filling and sanding, proper color, which is the final surface finish. In some cases this may be attributed all kinds of artistic finishes: spraying, rolling drawing roller, textured paint, painting a stencil, etc. Only when properly administered papers can be obtained solid coatings, which will serve for a long time. Painter's finish is subjected to both external and internal surfaces of building structures. Paint is applied on various grounds: Wood, stone, plaster, concrete, asbestos, metal and others. Moreover, using a wide range of coloring compositions, differing in color, structure, methods of preparing the base, used tools and mechanization, technological regimes, the number of operations. Therefore, one can classify them in different ways. Painting work is carried out after the full completion of construction works and drying surfaces (only color lime carried out immediately after grouting). In order to avoid drafts glass windows and the door hung. Wooden surface under the oil stain and glue smoothly planed and carefully fit in places mates. The facades of wooden houses, metal roofs, gutters painted in cool cloudy weather. Paint compositions make certain density, so that the staining is not dripping paint brush and leaves no traces. Prepared for painting the surface must be clean, without stains solution plaster, rust, grease and dirt. As a rule, begin to paint any room from the ceiling. This job requires a special quality, so the pre-test surface, close up potholes, scratches and damage. Ceiling painted with brushes scaffolds primaries or by the gun. Sometimes an area is divided into zahvatki the width of the wall. Having finished work on a single hook, move to the next, where the staining is carried out in a direction perpendicular to the previous one, so that the traces of brush strokes were visible. If you use a gun, it is set on the middle of the room. Creating pressure in the cylinder, continuously rotate around the end of the spray, coating the ceiling paint and making sure the painted surface does not appear drops caramel. For painting low sections of the wall use centrifugal brush. Paint is applied from the top down - from ceiling to floor. Applying the spray nozzle, spray lead only in the horizontal direction along the whole length of the wall, starting from the top. It is better to apply several thin coats of paint every 10-15 minutes. Than one thick one. The second layer must dry 12-15 h. In order to prepare for painting works of new plaster and concrete surfaces, cleans them with pumice, leschadyu or sanded to remove bumps and roughness. Cleansing performed on the dry surface. Cracks embroidered, that is along these cut with a knife or metal spatula groove depth of not less than 3 mm (generally triangular cross-section), was purified from the remnants of plaster, moisten with water and filled with plaster solution or a specially prepared podmazochnoy paste made of chalk and gypsum, well dried and overwritten. Preparing wooden surfaces, especially in cutting down the existing wood knots, pins, pitch (about 3 mm in depth), cut the cracks. Then the soil surface and after drying shpaklyuyut or use podmazochnuyu pasta for alignment, again dried and sanded.
Vitaly Lviv Do you do repairs in an apartment or begin to build a private house, you have still faced with work directly related to painting and painting facilities. Today's lack of information regarding the coatings can aggravate your situation regarding the repair of your dwellings. Is it not better once and for all to read and learn all the necessary information? What prevents the notorious "teapot" to become a true master of his craft? Yes, almost anything but a substantial lack of knowledge. Practice - come with time, it would wish. But with the information - a big problem. Paint material - the product has the ability when applying a thin layer on a product form on the surface of a protective or decorative film (coating). Coatings in the construction industry solve two main tasks: to protect the surface of various materials from destruction under the influence of atmospheric factors; perform artistic aesthetic function (creation of a supportive human environment). Among the coating materials used in construction, can be roughly distinguish four main groups: the facade paints, including primers, impregnation, paint, interior, paint for metal protection against corrosion, paints, varnishes, adhesives for wood. Basic paint materials are classified by type, chemical composition and the preferential destination of the material. To paint materials include enamels, paints, varnishes, primers, sealers. In the paint industry, there are common terms and definitions of basic types of paint materials and their components. Paint coating - coating formed on the surface of the product after applying it to one or several layers of paint materials and possessing sufficient adhesion to the substrate. Paints, coatings are called natural, artificial or synthetic paints and varnishes, deposited a thin layer on the surface of buildings, structures, components. Prior to paint formulations to harden (dry out) and form a thin film layers. Coatings are used to protect metal products against corrosion and wood and plaster surfaces - from destruction. Lacquer - a solution film-forming substances in organic solvents or water, which forms after curing (drying) of solid, homogeneous and transparent film. Enamel - a suspension of pigments or their mixtures with fillers in the lacquer forming after drying opaque solid film with a different gloss and surface texture, the degree of gloss enamel are divided into: glossy, semi-gloss, matte, semi. Paint - a suspension of pigments or their mixtures with fillers in varnishes, emulsion, latex or other film-forming substances that form after drying opaque, uniform film. Paints are divided into: oil (based on linseed oil), water-based (based on aqueous dispersions of synthetic polymers). Primer - a suspension of pigments or mixtures of pigments with fillers in the film-forming substances that form after drying opaque film with good adhesion to the substrate. In addition, they protect the metal from corrosion. Putty - a viscous paste-like mass consisting of a mixture of pigments, fillers, and film-forming substance and intended to fill the irregularities and depressions to be painted. Linseed oil - film-forming liquid - a product of processing of vegetable oils with the introduction of dryers to accelerate drying. Application - that is the question the application of protective coatings is mandatory and necessary not only for the construction of new buildings and facilities, but also to maintain in good condition previously established structures, which is achieved by periodic re-painting. It should be remembered that each year in the national economy destroyed by corrosion up to 2% of the total in-use of ferrous metals, and therefore delayed the resumption of protective coverings, including paint, can lead to a significant increase in the loss of metal from corrosion. Coatings are transparent and opaque. When finishing the mobile furniture, parts, built-in cabinets, veneered door panels and veneer, but made from precious wood, use a transparent coating of a thin film of lacquer. Such coatings are obtained by using solutions of natural and synthetic resins in volatile solvents. Application of this type of coating called lacquer and has a mostly ornamental value. Varnishing emphasizes the texture of wood, giving it greater depth and relief, making it a darker color, due to a mixed reflection of the light beam incident on the varnished surface. When should I trim cover is not particularly attractive surface design or create a heavy-duty coating that can protect the surface from harmful weather conditions, use pigmented opaque coating. Such coatings forming on the surface of an opaque film that hides the structure of the material, called overtones. They are produced by mixing colored powders - pigments - with water, nonaqueous and emulsion binders. In the varnishing and painting is particularly important substance that can form a film. It must be tightly coupled to the substrate or, as they say, have good adhesion and film - elasticity, hardness, when necessary impermeability to vapor and moisture, resistance to weathering and to acids. In some cases, a film-forming substance, while a number of requirements: frost resistance, resistance to variable temperatures and mechanical stress, increased water resistance, etc. So, when painting metal structures of bridge farms and farms of industrial buildings, metal roofing, used in atmospheric conditions, the colorful the film should have corrosion resistance, water resistance and flexibility, able to withstand without failure the linear change of the metal at different temperatures. More stringent requirements apply to the film when painting metal surfaces of ship hulls and storage tanks that are designed for storage of acids. Therefore, when stained with different purpose structures should apply different quality materials, and for this you need to know the properties of ink films of various binders. Coatings are of great importance in the purely hygienic, and sanitary, for facilitating the maintenance of cleanliness in the buildings, structures, and particularly in hospitals, clinics, sanatoriums, rest homes and schools. Therefore, the surface exposed to contamination and require constant clean, paint formulations, the film is that you can without damaging it, rinse with clean water and water containing antiseptic or detergent. Huge role to play as a means of painted decorative finishes, and correctly picked the color design of production facilities reduces fatigue of the workers. Proper selection of colors is even more important due to the introduction into the practice of building new, more simple forms of buildings, which give expression to an appropriate color scheme. The color can liven up the appearance of buildings, the ensemble with the color of neighboring houses, etc. Can I do one color? Now that the reader has an idea how to paint classified, what kinds there are, I would like to understand why there is such diversity, whether it is possible to do any one color, if possible, inexpensive? With the help of traditional paints and enamels general-purpose oil-or alkyd-based, for example, the MA-15 or PF-115, it can be done. Coverage obtained using these materials, it is of satisfactory quality and protective properties, and decorative. If the quality of raw materials from our vendors would be as high as 50 years ago, when China supplied from tung oil, the strength and durability of coatings formed by these materials would have been longer, and the popularity of these colors would be strengthened further . However, in the current economic conditions, the use of high-quality raw materials is difficult due to lack of proposals from the market of raw materials. In other words, good raw materials is small and it is costly, so any and all producers of paint products must be found cheaper, but an acceptable substitute costly and scarce raw material components in order to paint and varnish products for household and DIY stores was available at a price and has the necessary consumer qualities. And if you want to paint some surface quickly, and the enamel PF-115 dry 24 hours - and this is only one layer? Then the choice falls on the enamel on the basis of synthetic polymers such as nitrocellulose (NC-132). If you want chemical resistance coating, use perchlorovinyl enamel. If you need a heat resistance up to 400 C and above - silicone enamel. For painting of premises for environmental reasons it is expedient to use water-dispersion paints. They do not emit in the use of harmful toxic organic solvents (as in the case of organo-soluble dyes), form a vapor permeable coating for coloring, which is very important to create a favorable microclimate in a residential area. Incidentally, the modern water-dispersion paints are able to replace in some cases, traditional oil paints, PF-115, nitrocellulose. For the most sophisticated users and people with a creative approach to life, there are decorative paints, able to create a unique configuration, pattern, color or elevation. This type of paint Venetian plaster, mikrokapsulnye multikolernye, paint with hammer effect, etc. They are used for unconventional designs of the space. In short, there is a great variety of colors, and everything here depends on what requirements to the paint makes the consumer: what kind and quality should be able to cover, what time, under what conditions it will be, what special features will perform, etc. etc. If you look at the future through the prism of today, when construction technology improved, and erased stereotypes in design decisions, implementation of new modern building materials, will remain a need in the paint for the repair and construction in the future? The role of paint in the building will not diminish, but the colors will change significantly. Obviously, the colors become more environmentally friendly, that is, the vast majority of paint will still be treated to form a water-dispersion. Organorastvorimye paint will be produced with high solids, that is low in organic solvents. Not excluded the return on the market of oil paints, but higher quality. Paint will not only have excellent barrier properties and long-life, presumably not less than 10 years, but will enable consumers to create the specified shine, drawing, relief various optical effects. Already, in the laboratories of the leading manufacturers of paint products abroad, conducted research to develop smart coatings that can change its physical and chemical properties depending on the conditions that enable actively oppose the destructive environmental factors and increase the life cover at times. Stained with accommodation for each surface designed its product well to withstand the environment for which it was intended. For example, for kitchens and bathrooms provided resistant to washing and wearing paint (usually with high-gloss), while for the ceilings in the living rooms and bedrooms quite perfectly matte paint, for which the resistance to washing is not essential. Paint provided for internal surfaces, are not strong enough film to resist weathering. With the right choice of paint or varnish, your surface is permanently retain priglyadny form without the need for its annual repainting. Paint not only creates the aesthetic effect, but also provides reliable protection of structures against corrosion and surface of the walls from collapsing. In addition, modern compositions for painting works extend the life of the home. In shops you can buy ready-made paints and varnishes or semi-finished, easy to use. In addition to the work necessary solvents and thinners (turpentine, mineral spirits, acetone), driers, as well as supporting a mixture of paint (primer, putty, podmazochnye paste). Basic steps for painting works: clearing and leveling (smoothing) of the surface, applying a primer composition of bedding defective places, Filling and sanding, proper color, which is the final surface finish. In some cases this may be attributed all kinds of artistic finishes: spraying, rolling drawing roller, textured paint, painting a stencil, etc. Only when properly administered papers can be obtained solid coatings, which will serve for a long time. Painter's finish is subjected to both external and internal surfaces of building structures. Paint is applied on various grounds: Wood, stone, plaster, concrete, asbestos, metal and others. Moreover, using a wide range of coloring compositions, differing in color, structure, methods of preparing the base, used tools and mechanization, technological regimes, the number of operations. Therefore, one can classify them in different ways. Painting work is carried out after the full completion of construction works and drying surfaces (only color lime carried out immediately after grouting). In order to avoid drafts glass windows and the door hung. Wooden surface under the oil stain and glue smoothly planed and carefully fit in places mates. The facades of wooden houses, metal roofs, gutters painted in cool cloudy weather. Paint compositions make certain density, so that the staining is not dripping paint brush and leaves no traces. Prepared for painting the surface must be clean, without stains solution plaster, rust, grease and dirt. As a rule, begin to paint any room from the ceiling. This job requires a special quality, so the pre-test surface, close up potholes, scratches and damage. Ceiling painted with brushes scaffolds primaries or by the gun. Sometimes an area is divided into zahvatki the width of the wall. Having finished work on a single hook, move to the next, where the staining is carried out in a direction perpendicular to the previous one, so that the traces of brush strokes were visible. If you use a gun, it is set on the middle of the room. Creating pressure in the cylinder, continuously rotate around the end of the spray, coating the ceiling paint and making sure the painted surface does not appear drops caramel. For painting low sections of the wall use centrifugal brush. Paint is applied from the top down - from ceiling to floor. Applying the spray nozzle, spray lead only in the horizontal direction along the whole length of the wall, starting from the top. It is better to apply several thin coats of paint every 10-15 minutes. Than one thick one. The second layer must dry 12-15 h. In order to prepare for painting works of new plaster and concrete surfaces, cleans them with pumice, leschadyu or sanded to remove bumps and roughness. Cleansing performed on the dry surface. Cracks embroidered, that is along these cut with a knife or metal spatula groove depth of not less than 3 mm (generally triangular cross-section), was purified from the remnants of plaster, moisten with water and filled with plaster solution or a specially prepared podmazochnoy paste made of chalk and gypsum, well dried and overwritten. Preparing wooden surfaces, especially in cutting down the existing wood knots, pins, pitch (about 3 mm in depth), cut the cracks. Then the soil surface and after drying shpaklyuyut or use podmazochnuyu pasta for alignment, again dried and sanded. Metal surfaces are cleaned with a wire brush the rust, dirt and soil. Previously painted surfaces (walls and ceilings) require the removal of fair copy (old, usually a thick layer of paint), cutting of cracks, removal of stains, chips or other defects in plaster. Their richly moistened with hot water and clean off with a scraper. Sometimes Anew removed 2-3% solution of hydrochloric acid, after which the old paint swells. Her remains washed with water. Blackened surface We recommend washing with a 2% solution of hydrochloric acid, cleaned with hot water and blot dry after. Probably many had to remove the ceiling or wall stains from leaks from the apartment neighbors. Unfortunately, clean them, not to leave traces on the surface is not always possible. There are several ways we've tested in practice. One of them is the following: a) dilute the stain with water, dried, covered with white enamel or white color zinc, proshpatlevat and before painting proolifit b) after drying the spot to cover the hydrophobic filler, prepared on the basis of conventional oil-chalk with the addition of hydro phobyzing fluid. Well executed primer - the basis for quality color. It is to create an additional layer, which provides strong adhesion of paint to the surface. In addition, a thin waterproof film provides a uniform absorption of the painting, giving a smooth single color coating. Primed only dry surface in one or more layers. Each new layer is applied to the well dried up last. The latter should be carefully shaded, so that there bands that affect the purity of color. Primers are specific (eg only for glue or lime stains) and universal. Under color of lime is recommended to use a primer prepared based on the lime-kipelki or lime paste with the addition of soaps and varnishes. They are called soap-boiler. To prepare 10 liters of need: 2-3 kg of lime paste or 1-2 kg of lime-kipelki (lump quicklime), 200 g of soap (40% strength), 100 g of linseed oil and water. - The primer is applied as a soap-boiler, a lime, and under the adhesive compounds (provided that the alkali used in paint pigments). However, for the glue stains better prepare vitriol or aluminous primer. To prepare 10 liters of vitriol primers, take 100-150 grams of copper sulfate, 250 g of soap (40% strength), 200 g of dry wood glue, varnish 25-30 g, 2-3 kg of sifted chalk. In boiling water (3 L) was dissolved sulphate. In another pot boil the glue: dissolved in water (2 liters), the soap is poured into the glue and mix thoroughly. In hot, soapy-adhesive liquid varnish is added, followed by a solution of copper sulfate. After cooling, the mixture was poured into the chalk and then filled with water, bringing the solution volume up to ten liters. Ready primer - homogeneous liquid greenish-bluish color - filtered and drained into a wooden or enamel bowl for storage. Priming aqueous solutions applied to the surface in one or two layers. At the same brush drive sequentially, first in one (eg, longitudinal), and then in the other (transverse) direction. As a primer for oil painting in the processing of metal, plaster and wood surfaces are used drying oil in its pure form or with a small amount of pigment or grated paint. This allows the process of immediately notice omissions and other errors in time to correct them. For deep penetration into the wood or plaster drying oil is heated, then add pigments, mixed and applied to the surface for one or two times. After a general primer the walls or ceiling, unfortunately, remain places that need more refinement, namely: seal cracks, potholes and other minor irregularities on the surface. For these purposes, use special toothpaste or above primers. They can cook yourself. Paste applied to the split cracks spatula, level. After drying, the surface smooth out (polished) piece of pumice or abrasive cloth and if you do not need continuous Filling proceed to re-priming. There are several types podmazochnyh pastes. Gipsomelovaya on glue: Plaster (1 kg), chalk (2-3 kg), 2-5% solution of wood glue (to obtain a working consistency). Gypsum and chalk are mixed. At the heart of vitriol paste - gipsomelovaya mixture (prepared in a 1:2 ratio) and sulfate-adhesive emulsion, obtained by adding to the vitriol primer of a 10% solution of glue (for 1 l of primer 150 grams of glue). Under adhesive stain proposes to use putty on the animal (bone) and vegetable glues. Extensive use of adhesive putty, which includes a 10% solution of bone glue (1 kg), linseed oil (25 g) and dry chalk, sifted through a fine sieve. Under the oil paints and enamels are suitable polumaslyanye or oil filler. Polumaslyany solution: 1 kg of natural linseed oil, 250 grams of solvent (turpentine), 50 grams of desiccant 200 g of adhesive solution 10%, 20 g of liquid soap, and about 2,5 kg of sifted chalk. Oil filler is prepared by mixing a natural drying oil (1 kg) of dry sifted chalk to desired consistency. It is recommended to use when preparing for painting floors, window frames, window sills, exterior doors and other surfaces exposed to moisture. As fillers for alkyd paints use ready-made compositions, produced by industry (eg pentaphthalic - for timber and prooliflennyh surfaces). Filler is usually applied to wooden or metal spatula. In the right hand take a putty knife, take them to a small portion of the solution and spread onto the surface. Then, pressing the blade of a spatula with his left hand, is spread by vertical and horizontal movements, holding the trowel at an angle to the surface. Color sketch As the proverb, every man to his own taste. Therefore, before painting make color sketch of the room, which is a guide to action. In order to find the color you want, better to turn to Colerne standards. Their color range includes over a hundred shades. Samples of color vykrasok sold in shops and construction markets. There are paint formulations plant production or home-cooked from dry building paints, chalk, lime, water, etc. They can be simple or complex. Simple get, mixing a pigment (red lead, ocher, the mummy) with a binder. For complex color (caramel) usually takes several pigments that are combined in certain proportions. In construction using mainly inorganic insoluble pigments are highly resistant to weathering, chemicals, lighting and other influences. Organic dyes are soluble in water, characterized by high light resistance, resistant to the action of alkali, have bright beautiful color. For use in the paint solution to precipitate out, resulting in an insoluble state. Natural pigments are prepared by grinding and sifting the clay rocks containing iron oxides (mummy, ocher, iron minium, etc.). Artificial pigments obtained in plants by chemical means (white, green, chrome, etc.). Paint compositions conventionally divided into water (lime, glue, silicate, etc.), water-based, oil and enamel. Water stained mainly the walls and ceilings. To give the necessary strength are added glue, varnish, or table salt. Lime compositions are suitable for interior and exterior painting on plaster, brick, concrete, stone, and rarely on wood. For their preparation using only alkali pigments. Lime can be a test. For amplification in the compositions is added sodium chloride, drying oil or alum. Glue (Cretaceous) solutions are only good for indoor use primarily to plastered or lined with dry plaster surfaces. Consumption of materials depends on the roughness of the surface and the type of paint used. For example: for a simple painting by 1 kg of chalk for improvement - 1,5-2 kg, for high quality - 2.3 kg. Colored adhesive compounds for walls prepared as follows: make the ordinary adhesive whitewash, add pre-diluted in water 1 -3 paints. In the adhesive solution is not alkaline, so you can enter any pigments, the amount of which depends on the chosen color scheme. Silicate compositions is used for facade plaster, stone or brick, and wooden surfaces indoors. It is better to buy a ready solution. Oil and enamel paint designed for interior and exterior. They can be painted with stone, wood, metal and plaster surfaces. Finished paint pre-mixed thoroughly, add oil in gustotertye varnish. Water-based formulations are suitable for ceilings and walls covered with oil or enamel paints. Old layer of glue paint should be carefully cleaned with water and proolifit. Ready-made water-based paints come in several colors. The desired shade is prepared by mixing them. Today, the domestic construction market has a wide range of finishing materials, including paint compositions occupy a worthy place in color and chemical composition. On sale is a variety of ready-made paint and components and their constituents.
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