Plate on the ground - often the least costly system for organizing the foundation, the choice of which may accelerate the construction process and create an inexpensive universal foundation. At the same time, cold concrete floors are becoming a source of discomfort. Properly insulated slab on a ground not only retain heat, but also help create the necessary comfort in the rooms. Insulation, which comes into contact with the ground, is in extreme conditions and subjected to various influences, including - long-term effects of moisture, many cycles of freezing / thawing. These factors may reduce the effectiveness of insulation. Consequently, thermal insulation, which will be used in ground contact should be inert to the effects of soil moisture and that these factors do not affect the insulating properties of the material. Extruded polystyrene (XPS) - an ideal material for such purposes. Freezing is extremely weak effect or no effect on the insulation, which remains dry (do not absorb moisture). These properties are plates XPS, in particular, the plate Primaplex. Why should insulate the floors? without adequate insulation of 15-20% of the total losses in a building fall on floors, floor insulation can improve the comfort of the room. In a room with non-insulated floor there is a significant temperature gradient: from floor to ceiling - up to 7 ° C, from the floor to a man's head - to 5 ° C insulation flooring eliminates "cold bridges" in places of conjugation of the walls and floor, reducing thus the heat loss . Temperature gradients measured in the field conjugation of non-insulated walls and floor, show the presence in these locations "cold bridges" and as a consequence, the increased heat loss, insulation floors to reduce the risk of condensation, the presence of which can damage adjacent materials. For example, the formed mold destroys the finish of the walls. Floors on ground floors on the ground are used in cases where soil conditions suitable for supporting the floor slab. Slab of concrete (reinforced or unreinforced) is poured separately from the outer walls, for which building their own foundations. Vlagoizolyatsionnaya membrane can be laid as a top plate, and beneath it. Insulation - extruded polystyrene foam (eg, Primaplex) - can also be placed under the slab. In this case vlagoizolyatsionnuyu membrane should be laid between the stove and heat insulation. Sand-cement screed must have a minimum thickness of 75 mm. Attention is drawn to the use of polyethylene film between the insulation and screed. It is recommended to stack with overlap of about 150 mm, sealed in the joints and wrap up at the edges of the floor. The film plays the role of additional waterproofing. "Hanging" floor plate can be built on the site, directly on the ground (backfilling), carrying capacity is low. Draw the same plate to be on the wall erected around the perimeter of the building. It is known that the filling will settle over time and therefore it can only be used as temporary shuttering. In this case, the slab should be designed and reinforced as a "hanging" plate, despite the fact that it originally lay on the ground. The structure of "false" floor insulation is placed just above the slab. Otherwise (at warming the bottom plate) insulation would have lost contact with the bottom surface of the plate after the settling of the soil. "Hanging" floor can also be realized by means of reinforced concrete beams, based on the supporting wall. In between the beams stacked blocks. On top of blocks and beams running peschanotsementnaya screed with a minimum thickness of 75 mm. On screed is laid vlagoizolyatsionnaya membrane and extruded polystyrene foam (eg, Primaplex). Then, through the cushioning layer is placed finish flooring. There are several ways to accommodate insulation: under the floor over the entire area, along the edges of plate horizontally along the edges of plates vertically from the inside. Choosing insulation main criteria when selecting insulation for the floors along the ground: the thermal conductivity. Must take into account long-term indicators, which is expected to have insulation at the end of life of the building (about 25 years) water absorption. This indicator should be as low as possible, for example, less than 0,5% by volume during the entire period of service; strength at 10 percent strain, water vapor permeability. This indicator is required for the risk of condensation installation simplicity and environmental friendliness: easy, clean material that is easily cut to the desired size, is not dangerous for health workers. The best indicators listed above, has a thermal insulation made from extruded polystyrene, in particular, plates Primaplex. The table shows the main characteristics of plates Primaplex. Primaplex LIGHT STANDARD Primaplex 35 45 STANDARD STANDARD Primaplex compressive strength at 10 percent deformation, kPa, not less than 150,250,400 Nominal density, kg/m3 30 35 45 Thermal conductivity W / m ° C 0.028 0.029 0.030 Water absorption, 30 days, %, max 0,4 0,4 ??0,4 ??Scope Standard load capacities - Housing Average load capacities - Offices High load capacity - industrial facilities, warehouses Floor heating insulation is especially important on the ground floor, where we deal with under-floor heating . Calculation of heat loss from the heated plate and determining the required level of insulation - is a complex process, so it is often ignored. Of course, this does not mean that the heat loss somewhere to disappear, although the construction cost is reduced. However, very often the building owner pays large sums to the accounts for the heated floor. Need to find a reasonable compromise between the cost of insulation and low payments for heating. Status and soil temperature, the presence of groundwater, type of flooring, the distance between the slab and the ground (in the case of "false" floors) - all this makes the calculation of heat loss in the best case of a heavy procedure. The direction of heat There are two types of heat loss from the heated plate. The first and main one - the loss on the perimeter. This is explained by the fact that the shortest distance from the plate out a way through the perimeter. Therefore, the insulation on the perimeter should be mandatory whenever arranged heated floors. The second direction of heat - heat flux, the downward direction. If the soil is no movement of groundwater, heat is mainly directed radially downward and outward to the edges of the slab, then up to the surface of the earth. Elimination of "cold joints" cold bridges "at warming the floor there, mainly in areas of sex pairing with external walls. To eliminate thermal bridges, you can use fuser for construction of the wall foundation. Alternatively, you can insulate the wall internally using extruded polystyrene foam, for example, Primaplex, it is important to maintain continuity of insulation. Even if the calculated value of heat transfer resistance for the floor indicates that the additional floor insulation is not required, however, it is recommended to lay a horizontal insulation at a width of about 1 m around the perimeter of the building inside the base. This procedure will reduce or even eliminate the "cold bridges" on the edges of the floor plate.
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