Apparel for the walls of noble houses

Vitaly Lviv Stone - one of the first natural materials used by man for construction. However, the construction technology at the time pushed him to second place. Now it is used mainly for decoration and repair. But not everyone can afford them oblitsevat wall of the house, because it is expensive and time-consuming additional activities to enhance the surface of the walls and preparing the stone. But human ingenuity has no limits. The Russian fans of this material is now an alternative - a technology of manufacturing artificial stone. The name "artificial stone" refers to its origin rather than to the appearance. Distinguish the real from the fake is possible only with very close range, and then specifically asks this purpose - to modern technologies allow us to simulate and shape, and color, and texture of natural materials. Its constituent elements - the cement of the highest marks (Portland), light organic fillers (concrete block) and high-quality natural dyes. Polymer binders are used to enhance the mechanical and strength properties of the material and, to improve other operational and consumer properties. However, choosing the "stone" for finishing, should inquire in advance of his compositions - some ingredients are not safe from the environmental point of view (eg, phenol formaldehyde resin), and other products reduces the resistance to repetitive cycles of freezing and thawing. One must always take a product from proven and responsible manufacturers and their dealers, demand from the seller the appropriate certificates. Russian manufacturers use traditional, proven building materials: portland cement, lightweight natural fillers and dyes of natural origin, for increasing the strength of the material used by special additives. For example, some artificial stones used only clean sand, white cement, fine particles of shells and other lightweight fillers. Other ingredients remain a secret manufacturer. As a rule, manufacturers do test material before it goes into production. I must say that making recipes also differ from each other - each manufacturer has its own secrets. For example, some manufacturers use polypropylene fiberglass: it increases the strength of the product, preventing the destruction of the material is exposed to the elements. Domestic manufacturers of artificial stone thoroughly check the manufacturing process, therefore, despite its apparent simplicity, craft production is doomed to failure. A few words about the process of making decorative stones. A mixture of all components is poured into special shapes, one of which repeats the shape of natural stone, and another - completely flat. The result is a sort of "cake" on a flat surface. Its area ranges from 5 sq. cm to 0,5 m, and thickness - from 1 to 10 cm With this form of artificial stone is very easy to install. Firstly, it is three times lighter than natural (depending on the type of product weight of 1 square meter is from 20 to 45 kg), and therefore do not need to reinforce the walls of the special iron armature. Second, because the stone has a flat rear surface, it does not need "utaplivat" into the wall (as the volume of natural). It lies well on almost any surface and is attached using a conventional cement mortar with the addition of the adhesive composition, that is, it can be done independently, even without special skills. The advantages of artificial stone appearance of the artificial stone facing, the quality is comparable to the natural counterpart, due to modern building technologies. Of course, the artificial material is unlikely to ever be able to completely displace natural, but artificial and many adherents. There are many reasons, but - man-made stone is cheaper and more technological in the packing than natural. The limited color palette of natural materials significantly reduces the original range of color and design. Meanwhile, artificial stone, outwardly indistinguishable from natural, can be any color and hue, including those not found in nature. It is also worth noting that the artificial stone has a solid color throughout the thickness of the material. Artificial stone has a flat surface, so no need to treat the surface before installation, fitting joints to each other. He is ready for installation immediately. In addition, this stone can be two to three times lighter than natural. Weight simulator brickwork generally comparable to the weight of this brick, so that when facing an artificial stone is not necessary to further strengthen the wall or to mount supporting the iron armature. In addition to lay artificial stone is even simpler than the usual tile. In other words, work with artificially less laborious and cheaper than the unyielding costly natural materials. Durability and strength of natural and artificial stone are quite comparable, but the frost imitation stones is about 100 cycles of freezing and thawing, which even exceeds the stringent requirements of GOST. Artificial stone has good sound and thermal insulation properties. There are six distinct advantages of artificial stone cladding: Beautiful design simulate natural stones Prostate installation durability and strength of the Frost High sound and thermal insulation properties Low price compared to natural materials Another important feature decorative stone - its universality. It is installed on various types of surfaces - wood, metal, brick, concrete, used for both the exterior and for interior works. This stone does not burn and does not emit fumes when heated, so it can be used for decorating fireplaces and stoves. But do not use it for lining furnaces or parts exposed to high temperatures. Because the entire mass of stones imbue it with time does not peeling off and in contact with the environment behaves the same way as natural. Laying artificial stone There are two ways to install artificial stone - with a jointer and seamless. In the first case, the stones are mounted at a distance of 1,5 - 2,5 cm from each other. This variant is more common, as significantly saves facing material with a slight increase in labor costs. Some models of stones set only by the seamless, resulting in close contact with each other. The solution was applied to the rear surface of the product, the excess removed trowel. Decorative stone is easy to cut the usual "Bulgarian", so if you prefer, you can modify its shape. Facing with artificial stone begin with: applying a thin layer of solution on the grid, mounted on a wall of stone (if needed for a better fit), the application of the solution layer thickness of 1,5 cm on stone; installation of the angular elements, the installation of flat elements; grouting cement mortar, leveling seams; cleaning welds. For the lining, usually using two types of items: flatness, the number of which is measured - square meters; angle, as measured by meter. The area of ??the substrate is calculated by multiplying the length covered by lining a surface at its height. Then subtracted from the result area of ??windows, doors and other openings are not covered by the veneer surfaces. The required number of angular elements is calculated by measuring the lengths of the exterior angles to be finishing. The required number of planar elements is calculated by multiplying the length of the angular elements by 0,2 (the area occupied by a single linear meters of angular elements is approximately equal to 0.2 m2) and subtracting the result from the area of ??the substrate. Calculation results in a fairly accurate, but it is always necessary to have some additional angular and planar elements. When working with wood surfaces must first install a waterproofing material such as waterproof building paper (asphalt). She lay in horizontal rows, top row on the lower overlap of 4 cm vertical seams must be joined as overlapping by 8 cm after the installation of waterproofing on the surface with galvanized nails or staples secure the plaster mesh, which should be protected from corrosion. The distance between the fasteners in the vertical -10-15 cm across - 35-40 cm in the inner and outer surfaces of the angular grid is installed in two layers. On top of the mesh layer of plaster applied to a thickness of about 1 cm before the installation finishes plaster must be dry. If the coat a metal surface, or painted brick or concrete wall, the procedure of preparation is different from preparing a wood surface that does not require installation of waterproofing. When lining the walls of unpainted brick or concrete they must be pre-plastered. Artificial stone lies well on almost any surface and is attached thereto using a conventional mortar or special adhesives and mastics. The solution was applied to the rear, a flat stone surface, and the excess removed trowel. When purchasing an artificial stone facing, you need to buy stones to 20% more accurately calculated from the surface area of ??the proposed lining. Thus you will protect yourself in case of waste, mechanical damage and other annoying coincidences that can happen during installation. In addition, different lots of the same stone may be different shades, so you should have a supply of stone, which would ensure the selection of the exact shade of caramel. Some manufacturers provide additional protection is applied to the outer surface of the artificial stone special protective ground. When purchasing the material is always worth wondering whether such a treatment of the material. If not - it is necessary to make your own. Experts recommend regular treatment to produce artificial stone (especially exterior) is not less than once a year. This procedure can be done completely independently. For this, the surface of artificial stone wipe with a damp cloth and use a regular brush, apply primer to the surface lining. Carried out all necessary preparatory work, depending on the type and condition of the working surface. Surface under ideal stone veneer must be sound and, accordingly, smooth, free from dirt, dust, lime, grease, residual paint coatings, rust. All weakly attached elements of plaster must be removed. Old wall coverings (wallpaper, vinyl panels, etc.) must be completely removed. If the surface of porous or dusty (old lime plaster, gypsum), they are encouraged to meet the specific priming emulsion. Priming strengthens and stabilizes the foundation, and also increases the adhesion (bond) of a solution with base. The entire surface of a fixed grid of plaster is applied once the adhesive composition. With no experience for the tiling is desirable to partition walls and layout of facing elements on the supporting horizontal surface. Partitioning walls produce horizontal markers in increments not exceeding 50cm. This helper procedure will help avoid a lowering of the series in the process of laying. Required during the preliminary layout to achieve optimum color mixture of decorative coatings and ensure the absence of contrasting color stains. Mounting is recommended from top to bottom in order to damage the adhesive solution can not be reached on the already wall tiles. The first fixed angular elements. Corner units have a long and short side. During the laying of the corner elements suggest alternate these in opposite directions. In the next stage is fixed the upper horizontal row of elements and decorative elements around the window and door openings. Next is laying the rest of the surface. Mortar or adhesive composition is applied repeatedly on the wall or plaster mesh with a spatula or notched trowel. Recommended to apply glue to the surface, which can be oblitsevat for 10-15 minutes until the solution maintains high bonding strength. While it depends on the type of substrate and temperature, and humidity. The stone should be laid on the surface and fix in position up to 30 seconds. Solution, which has withered on the wall and lost their adhesive ability to remove and apply a new layer of mortar. For facing the outer wall, as well as swimming pools, cooling rooms, industrial adhesive mixture is applied as a ground, and on the back of the tile. After laying on the wall tile is pressed by hand, and at large sizes - inciting a special rubber mallet. During the tiling when laying in the corners, in places of contiguity of the floor to the walls, in niches or ledges always required nepolnomernye elements. They can be obtained by cutting or chipping whole elements. By grouting can begin only when the stone or tile is firmly connected to the surface, usually within 24 hours. For these purposes, special mortars (mortar), the right color. For the jointing used a special device to fill the voids between the stones trowels mortar. Installation of front facade tiles tile design allows simultaneous with its manufacture and installation of insulation of the facade with Styrofoam or mineral wool insulation. In this case, the gaps between the wall and modular plates are filled with insulating material to the abandonment of ventilating channels. For fixing modular tiles are used mounted in its mass in the process of casting zinc plates - clasp. In the dry method of finishing it allows for installation of mechanical means using screws, nails and screws, with wet method clasp easily turn into hooks and zamonolichivayutsya in cement mortar. Installation is made on different surfaces (timber, brick, timber, foundation blocks, frame structures, etc.). Dry method of installation allows the stoning at home all year round. In the wet method of finishing increases the reliability of fixing the tiles by immersion of metal plates in the volume of the solution. Tiles collected in the module according to the "pazub. This ensures continuity of all the fragments of a new facade, a much higher mechanical reliability due to coupling of individual elements and the formation of a single monoplity, and also provides additional rigidity to the whole design of the box at home. On manufacturing monoplity on its surface provides seams accentuate the texture of profitable products. Due to the game of light and shade the entire facade begins to read well, getting in the visual perception of solidity and quality factor of ideal brickwork. Facade materials may be styled "wild stone, cleaved faces, face brick, etc. and enjoy a variety of colors. This clay tiles are five times lighter than brick, convenient for shipping and storage. As shown by special investigations in the operation, it is gaining strength, protects the building against weather, fire, fungal structures. Eco-friendly tiles-ins are good for decoration, not only the facades, but also the internal volume of buildings. A modified concrete is also used successfully for the creation of small architectural forms, the implementation of projects of landscape design, casting the works of landscape art, etc. These materials, many modern cottages, log houses, garages, farm and domestic buildings, shops, restaurants and office buildings have become a European look. If you plan to dry method of installation, pre-aligned on the surface of the object mounted nailability wooden crate. It should be accurate to partition crates. Wooden crate should be securely mounted to the surface and can withstand the weight of the tiles. In the wet method to clean the surface of mortar lined usual plastering mesh. On the surface can be applied to notch a firm grip of the solution to the surface and the tile itself.

Vitaly Lviv Stone - one of the first natural materials used by man for construction. However, the construction technology at the time pushed him to second place. Now it is used mainly for decoration and repair. But not everyone can afford them oblitsevat wall of the house, because it is expensive and time-consuming additional activities to enhance the surface of the walls and preparing the stone. But human ingenuity has no limits. The Russian fans of this material is now an alternative - a technology of manufacturing artificial stone. The name "artificial stone" refers to its origin rather than to the appearance. Distinguish the real from the fake is possible only with very close range, and then specifically asks this purpose - to modern technologies allow us to simulate and shape, and color, and texture of natural materials. Its constituent elements - the cement of the highest marks (Portland), light organic fillers (concrete block) and high-quality natural dyes. Polymer binders are used to enhance the mechanical and strength properties of the material and, to improve other operational and consumer properties. However, choosing the "stone" for finishing, should inquire in advance of his compositions - some ingredients are not safe from the environmental point of view (eg, phenol formaldehyde resin), and other products reduces the resistance to repetitive cycles of freezing and thawing. One must always take a product from proven and responsible manufacturers and their dealers, demand from the seller the appropriate certificates. Russian manufacturers use traditional, proven building materials: portland cement, lightweight natural fillers and dyes of natural origin, for increasing the strength of the material used by special additives. For example, some artificial stones used only clean sand, white cement, fine particles of shells and other lightweight fillers. Other ingredients remain a secret manufacturer. As a rule, manufacturers do test material before it goes into production. I must say that making recipes also differ from each other - each manufacturer has its own secrets. For example, some manufacturers use polypropylene fiberglass: it increases the strength of the product, preventing the destruction of the material is exposed to the elements. Domestic manufacturers of artificial stone thoroughly check the manufacturing process, therefore, despite its apparent simplicity, craft production is doomed to failure. A few words about the process of making decorative stones. A mixture of all components is poured into special shapes, one of which repeats the shape of natural stone, and another - completely flat. The result is a sort of "cake" on a flat surface. Its area ranges from 5 sq. cm to 0,5 m, and thickness - from 1 to 10 cm With this form of artificial stone is very easy to install. Firstly, it is three times lighter than natural (depending on the type of product weight of 1 square meter is from 20 to 45 kg), and therefore do not need to reinforce the walls of the special iron armature. Second, because the stone has a flat rear surface, it does not need "utaplivat" into the wall (as the volume of natural). It lies well on almost any surface and is attached using a conventional cement mortar with the addition of the adhesive composition, that is, it can be done independently, even without special skills. The advantages of artificial stone appearance of the artificial stone facing, the quality is comparable to the natural counterpart, due to modern building technologies. Of course, the artificial material is unlikely to ever be able to completely displace natural, but artificial and many adherents. There are many reasons, but - man-made stone is cheaper and more technological in the packing than natural. The limited color palette of natural materials significantly reduces the original range of color and design. Meanwhile, artificial stone, outwardly indistinguishable from natural, can be any color and hue, including those not found in nature. It is also worth noting that the artificial stone has a solid color throughout the thickness of the material. Artificial stone has a flat surface, so no need to treat the surface before installation, fitting joints to each other. He is ready for installation immediately. In addition, this stone can be two to three times lighter than natural. Weight simulator brickwork generally comparable to the weight of this brick, so that when facing an artificial stone is not necessary to further strengthen the wall or to mount supporting the iron armature. In addition to lay artificial stone is even simpler than the usual tile. In other words, work with artificially less laborious and cheaper than the unyielding costly natural materials. Durability and strength of natural and artificial stone are quite comparable, but the frost imitation stones is about 100 cycles of freezing and thawing, which even exceeds the stringent requirements of GOST. Artificial stone has good sound and thermal insulation properties. There are six distinct advantages of artificial stone cladding: Beautiful design simulate natural stones Prostate installation durability and strength of the Frost High sound and thermal insulation properties Low price compared to natural materials Another important feature decorative stone - its universality. It is installed on various types of surfaces - wood, metal, brick, concrete, used for both the exterior and for interior works. This stone does not burn and does not emit fumes when heated, so it can be used for decorating fireplaces and stoves. But do not use it for lining furnaces or parts exposed to high temperatures. Because the entire mass of stones imbue it with time does not peeling off and in contact with the environment behaves the same way as natural. Laying artificial stone There are two ways to install artificial stone - with a jointer and seamless. In the first case, the stones are mounted at a distance of 1,5 - 2,5 cm from each other. This variant is more common, as significantly saves facing material with a slight increase in labor costs. Some models of stones set only by the seamless, resulting in close contact with each other. The solution was applied to the rear surface of the product, the excess removed trowel. Decorative stone is easy to cut the usual "Bulgarian", so if you prefer, you can modify its shape. Facing with artificial stone begin with: applying a thin layer of solution on the grid, mounted on a wall of stone (if needed for a better fit), the application of the solution layer thickness of 1,5 cm on stone; installation of the angular elements, the installation of flat elements; grouting cement mortar, leveling seams; cleaning welds. For the lining, usually using two types of items: flatness, the number of which is measured - square meters; angle, as measured by meter. The area of ??the substrate is calculated by multiplying the length covered by lining a surface at its height. Then subtracted from the result area of ??windows, doors and other openings are not covered by the veneer surfaces. The required number of angular elements is calculated by measuring the lengths of the exterior angles to be finishing. The required number of planar elements is calculated by multiplying the length of the angular elements by 0,2 (the area occupied by a single linear meters of angular elements is approximately equal to 0.2 m2) and subtracting the result from the area of ??the substrate. Calculation results in a fairly accurate, but it is always necessary to have some additional angular and planar elements. When working with wood surfaces must first install a waterproofing material such as waterproof building paper (asphalt). She lay in horizontal rows, top row on the lower overlap of 4 cm vertical seams must be joined as overlapping by 8 cm after the installation of waterproofing on the surface with galvanized nails or staples secure the plaster mesh, which should be protected from corrosion. The distance between the fasteners in the vertical -10-15 cm across - 35-40 cm in the inner and outer surfaces of the angular grid is installed in two layers. On top of the mesh layer of plaster applied to a thickness of about 1 cm before the installation finishes plaster must be dry. If the coat a metal surface, or painted brick or concrete wall, the procedure of preparation is different from preparing a wood surface that does not require installation of waterproofing. When lining the walls of unpainted brick or concrete they must be pre-plastered. Artificial stone lies well on almost any surface and is attached thereto using a conventional mortar or special adhesives and mastics. The solution was applied to the rear, a flat stone surface, and the excess removed trowel. When purchasing an artificial stone facing, you need to buy stones to 20% more accurately calculated from the surface area of ??the proposed lining. Thus you will protect yourself in case of waste, mechanical damage and other annoying coincidences that can happen during installation. In addition, different lots of the same stone may be different shades, so you should have a supply of stone, which would ensure the selection of the exact shade of caramel. Some manufacturers provide additional protection is applied to the outer surface of the artificial stone special protective ground. When purchasing the material is always worth wondering whether such a treatment of the material. If not - it is necessary to make your own. Experts recommend regular treatment to produce artificial stone (especially exterior) is not less than once a year. This procedure can be done completely independently. For this, the surface of artificial stone wipe with a damp cloth and use a regular brush, apply primer to the surface lining. Carried out all necessary preparatory work, depending on the type and condition of the working surface. Surface under ideal stone veneer must be sound and, accordingly, smooth, free from dirt, dust, lime, grease, residual paint coatings, rust. All weakly attached elements of plaster must be removed. Old wall coverings (wallpaper, vinyl panels, etc.) must be completely removed. If the surface of porous or dusty (old lime plaster, gypsum), they are encouraged to meet the specific priming emulsion. Priming strengthens and stabilizes the foundation, and also increases the adhesion (bond) of a solution with base. The entire surface of a fixed grid of plaster is applied once the adhesive composition. With no experience for the tiling is desirable to partition walls and layout of facing elements on the supporting horizontal surface. Partitioning walls produce horizontal markers in increments not exceeding 50cm. This helper procedure will help avoid a lowering of the series in the process of laying. Required during the preliminary layout to achieve optimum color mixture of decorative coatings and ensure the absence of contrasting color stains. Mounting is recommended from top to bottom in order to damage the adhesive solution can not be reached on the already wall tiles. The first fixed angular elements. Corner units have a long and short side. During the laying of the corner elements suggest alternate these in opposite directions. In the next stage is fixed the upper horizontal row of elements and decorative elements around the window and door openings. Next is laying the rest of the surface. Mortar or adhesive composition is applied repeatedly on the wall or plaster mesh with a spatula or notched trowel. Recommended to apply glue to the surface, which can be oblitsevat for 10-15 minutes until the solution maintains high bonding strength. While it depends on the type of substrate and temperature, and humidity. The stone should be laid on the surface and fix in position up to 30 seconds. Solution, which has withered on the wall and lost their adhesive ability to remove and apply a new layer of mortar. For facing the outer wall, as well as swimming pools, cooling rooms, industrial adhesive mixture is applied as a ground, and on the back of the tile. After laying on the wall tile is pressed by hand, and at large sizes - inciting a special rubber mallet. During the tiling when laying in the corners, in places of contiguity of the floor to the walls, in niches or ledges always required nepolnomernye elements. They can be obtained by cutting or chipping whole elements. By grouting can begin only when the stone or tile is firmly connected to the surface, usually within 24 hours. For these purposes, special mortars (mortar), the right color. For the jointing used a special device to fill the voids between the stones trowels mortar. Installation of front facade tiles tile design allows simultaneous with its manufacture and installation of insulation of the facade with Styrofoam or mineral wool insulation. In this case, the gaps between the wall and modular plates are filled with insulating material to the abandonment of ventilating channels. For fixing modular tiles are used mounted in its mass in the process of casting zinc plates - clasp. In the dry method of finishing it allows for installation of mechanical means using screws, nails and screws, with wet method clasp easily turn into hooks and zamonolichivayutsya in cement mortar. Installation is made on different surfaces (timber, brick, timber, foundation blocks, frame structures, etc.). Dry method of installation allows the stoning at home all year round. In the wet method of finishing increases the reliability of fixing the tiles by immersion of metal plates in the volume of the solution. Tiles collected in the module according to the "pazub. This ensures continuity of all the fragments of a new facade, a much higher mechanical reliability due to coupling of individual elements and the formation of a single monoplity, and also provides additional rigidity to the whole design of the box at home. On manufacturing monoplity on its surface provides seams accentuate the texture of profitable products. Due to the game of light and shade the entire facade begins to read well, getting in the visual perception of solidity and quality factor of ideal brickwork. Facade materials may be styled "wild stone, cleaved faces, face brick, etc. and enjoy a variety of colors. This clay tiles are five times lighter than brick, convenient for shipping and storage. As shown by special investigations in the operation, it is gaining strength, protects the building against weather, fire, fungal structures. Eco-friendly tiles-ins are good for decoration, not only the facades, but also the internal volume of buildings. A modified concrete is also used successfully for the creation of small architectural forms, the implementation of projects of landscape design, casting the works of landscape art, etc. These materials, many modern cottages, log houses, garages, farm and domestic buildings, shops, restaurants and office buildings have become a European look. If you plan to dry method of installation, pre-aligned on the surface of the object mounted nailability wooden crate. It should be accurate to partition crates. Wooden crate should be securely mounted to the surface and can withstand the weight of the tiles. In the wet method to clean the surface of mortar lined usual plastering mesh. On the surface can be applied to notch a firm grip of the solution to the surface and the tile itself. Important: If imitation tiles installed on the surface of the wood before installing the sheathing can be attached vapor barrier material, for example - glassine. When choosing a method of mounting should follow the operating conditions of the surface: decoration of the room or exterior, industrial, domestic, private or commercial. These conditions have different requirements for structural strength. For example, when facing the building facade, a more frost-grade cement. Industrial facilities are also impose a number of special requirements for the design - the compressive strength, vibration resistance, chemical resistance, etc. - This should be considered about the selection method of installation and use of materials. In any case, you need a qualified professional advice. Typically, when the wet method is used for installation of cement-sand mortar. Mortar shall be prepared in strict accordance with instructions for use .. Excess water in the solution or too dry or crumbly mortar does not provide adequate adhesive and strength properties. Laying bricks This material is produced by ultrahigh compression pressure of 600-900 atmospheres of a mixture of limestone and limestone with 16% cement and meets the stated requirements. Manufacturing of brick with a surface, "" wild stone "is the Finnish technology. Brickwork - a structure made of stacked in a certain order and fastened together with mortar bricks. If you use a facing material - is used for backing an ordinary brick, and for facing you above the proposed facing material. When masonry walls as thick as a brick, that is, 250 mm outside will be addressed as Stretcher bond, and perpender of bricks. The thickness of the brick walls may be a half-brick (outward facing Stretcher bond part) and a quarter brick (outside facing the bed), which reduces material consumption and the loss of the area. For example, at a length of 4 meters difference in the loss of floor space at the walls, built in brick and half-brick, to nearly 1 square. m, and at the walls, made of brick and quarter-bricks - more than 1.5 square meters. m. For the bond between the bricks are applied mortar. Usually it is a solution prepared from a mixture of cement and sand (the sand should be carefully sifted). The greater the proportion of cement in the solution, the less it is plastic (movable). Compared with lime or mixed cement-lime and cement-clay mortar, grout less mobile. Application vysokoplastichnogo solution when the masonry of brick uneconomical, as the solution flow into the voids existing in the body of the brick. However, the less agile solution, the harder it is spread and flatten. The mobility of the mortar for masonry is determined by immersing it in a special reference of the cone (at 7-14 cm slump). When laying brick mortar is applied to the mobility of not more than 7-8 cm slump. With solid brick masonry in hot weather, mobility solution should be brought up to 12-14 cm slump. Before using the solution should be mixed thoroughly, as over time, heavy particles settle, the solution splits and becomes heterogeneity. In order to make masonry strength and solidity are using dressings - a definite order of laying bricks to each other. Different dressings vertical, longitudinal and transverse joints. Ligation of the longitudinal joints is necessary to prevent "delamination" of the wall along the vertical and for a more even distribution of loads along the length of the wall. Ligation of the transverse joints is performed to create a longitudinal connection between the bricks. In addition, cross-dressing serves to distribute the load over the entire thickness of brickwork. The most common system of dressing - single-row (chain), and multilayered. Single-strand ligation is characterized by alternating rows and perpender Stretcher bond brickwork. In this case, the transverse joints in adjacent rows are shifted by a quarter brick relative to each other, and the longitudinal - on a half-brick. Vertical seams underlying series overlap the top row of bricks. When multilayer bandaging brickwork perpender series are placed a few Stretcher bond series. There are restrictions on the number of rows between perpender Stretcher bond, depending on the thickness of the brick. For laying out single brick (65 mm) - one perpender series of six rows of brickwork. For laying a reinforced brick (88 mm) - one perpender series of five rows of brick masonry. In this case, the vertical joints in four rows Stretcher bond overlap spoons adjacent rows on the half-brick, and the seams of the top row of the sixth series of overlapping blows to the quarter-brick. Such masonry called pyatiryadnoy. However, such ligation is feasible only when the thickness of the wall not less than a brick. If the brickwork is done in half or a quarter of a brick, it must be reinforced. For this purpose, a metal mesh or reinforcing wire that fit into the joints in 4-6 series. For the qualitative performance of the brickwork should pay special attention to the uniformity of distribution of the solution on the bed. From the correct solution depends on the spreading of the density and strength of the weld. When performing a number of Stretcher bond spreads a layer of mortar (beds) with a width of 80-100 mm, for perpender - 200-220 mm. The thickness of the beds should be 15-20 mm, which provides a joint thickness of 10-12 mm. Before laying bricks for a while soaked in water, as dry brick takes water from the solution, which reduces the strength of the brickwork. There are several ways of doing masonry. The main of them - vprizhim and butt. They are determined by the degree of plasticity of the solution. Method vprizhim suitable for masonry using hard solution (7-9 cm slump) with complete filling and subsequent grouting. In this case, the solution was spread out with a space of 10-15 mm from the front surface of the wall and then spread with a trowel in the direction of the previously laid brick with the objective of preparing a mortar bed for a few bricks. After that, the edge of the trowel mortar rake up to a previously into for laid bricks and pressed against the vertical face. Another brick falls on the bed and pressed against the canvas of a trowel. After this sharp trowel is removed and the solution is fixed between the vertical faces of the bricks. Next Brick upsets on the bed, and excess solution was trimmed with a trowel. The result is a solid masonry with full grouting. Method applied when laying back to back on a mobile solution (12-13 cm slump), with incomplete filling of seams on the front side wall, ie vpustoshovku. In this solution rakes in from the garden directly face brick, starting at a distance of 8-12 cm from the previously laid brick. Brick, pressed against the bed, and part of the solution, to remove her, fills the vertical seam. Next Brick upsets on the bed. Solution in this case stretches indented 20-30 mm from the front of the wall and masonry are not squeezed out. Way to back to back with the undercutting is a combination of the two methods described above the brickwork. In this case, the wall is obtained with the complete filling of the joints. Solution spreads the same way as when laying vprizhim, but the clutch is made back to back. Necessary for this mobility solution is 10-12 cm slump. The most time consuming is the masonry vprizhim least - back to back. Way to back to back with the undercutting of complexity in between. After laying a certain number of rows, but before drying the solution, is pointing. This is necessary to make the surface of brickwork clear picture and seals mortar joints in brickwork. For such operations shall apply jointing with working part of different configurations. This yields a rectangular recessed, convex, concave, triangular dvuhsreznaya and other forms of masonry joints. After the end of laying and jointing brick wall can be additionally faced. The simplest version of this veneer - cover with plaster, followed by priming and painting. In addition, the possible application of various decorative finishing materials.