Once you select a project home, proceed to the selection of material from which we shall build a house. This is a very important moment, because that will depend on the material properties of the main building: strength, microclimate, teplosbregaemost, etc. Material selection and construction of walls depends on many factors. Here and climatic conditions, and architectural design of the building, and, finally, the availability of local building materials, their physical, mechanical and economic performance. Depending on the material used, are distinguished: Stone houses are houses made of natural or artificial brick, stone, concrete, and keramsit gozosilikatnyh blocks, the main positive characteristic of stone houses is their strength and durability. How to allocate their shortcomings: the need for enhanced heating, in order to avoid mold and moisture, as well as the need for the construction of a massive base to compensate for the huge mass of the house. Both entail considerable financial costs. Although weight reduction walls and increase heat capacity can be achieved using perforated bricks, or Arbol claydite. Houses of brick houses made of bricks can save tens of years of heat, creating coziness of their respective owners. Such structures attributed to the fact that it is quite possible demise for several generations, for at least 100-150 years old, making only minor repair. Regardless of the architecture, a spacious brick house can be called a familial home. In the construction of brick houses use modern insulation materials that make the technology effective home insulation. To the house wall of bricks had been as much as possible more reliable in terms of conservation of heat needed to make them a thickness of about 610 mm or warm, or even better - and then combine both. And the warming must be done from the inside and outside. If we talk about the merits of brick houses, it is, firstly, durability, and secondly, - high structural strength, in the third - nonsusceptibility biological factors and, fourthly, - high degree of protection from fire. All that makes brick houses and other buildings of brick is very popular and in demand. Houses of cellular concrete in low-rise building have become increasingly popular building blocks of cellular concrete, the main type of which is the autoclave aerated concrete. This material consists of Portland cement, lime and crushed quartz sand. High strength cellular structure is formed by forming mass porizatsii gas evolved when the gazoobrazovatelya (aluminum powder) with calcium hydroxide. Autoclave treatment increases the strength of the material, reducing the capillary porosity. Formed small spherical pores are not filled with bulk water saturation. Major producer of aerated concrete building blocks deliver certain geometric dimensions, enabling not only the laying of the cement-sand mortar, but also in a special mineral glue. The thickness of the joints in the masonry is less than 3 mm. Thus, improved thermal properties of walls, as it excludes the formation of cold joints due to the cement-sand seam. The walls of cellular concrete does not impede the air exchange that is able to "breathe", but due to high vapor permeability - to adjust humidity. As a result, indoor set a favorable climate, close to the microclimate of wooden houses. This material has also noise-attenuating properties. For the exterior walls of cellular concrete is recommended to use Waterproof Breathable coating, for example, water-dispersion acrylic paint. You can oblitsevat facing brick wall. However, in this case is necessary to provide air space and ventilation produhi. Some developers are erecting homes, which are made of porous concrete is not only walls but slab, cover, jumpers, etc. House of keramsit If the filler used concrete block, it will be possible to produce building blocks and other building products relatively low density ( 500-1200 kg/m3). Physico-mechanical and thermal performance expanded clay concrete blocks are heavily dependent on the type of sand used in their manufacture. High heat-shielding properties at low weight have a product, comprising perlite, although their strength is low. Coefficient of thermal conductivity keramsit density 1200 kg/m3 is slightly smaller than that of hollow bricks. However, because of expanded clay, this material has a macroporous structure, so processed (sawn, shtrobiruetsya) is worse than cellular concrete. Operational and thermal insulation properties of expanded clay concrete blocks could be improved by porizatsii. Monolithic house walls monolithic houses are built with prefabricated formwork systems or non-removable formwork. In the first case, the walls are usually made of heavy concrete. Facades, or optional insulated heater is placed inside the walls by pouring concrete into the formwork. However, such technology is economically justified only in the construction of several homes and cottage townships. Today the popularity of various monolithic concreting of walls with non-removable formwork, which, after completion of concreting become elements of the wall and carry decorative or heat insulating function. There are two main areas. The first is based on the penopolistirolbetonnyh hollow blocks. After assembly of the wall cavity is filled with reinforced concrete. Function insulation performs very shuttering, the concrete core provides structural strength. Wooden houses Wooden houses are, first and foremost, an excellent micro-climate, ease of handling and erection. However, as have several disadvantages, such as: combustibility, rotting. Glued laminated timber - perfect material for large rooms. But if you decide to build a house out of it, you need to think twice. Tree in laminated veneer lumber is one of the materials. Second, as you probably guessed - the glue. In addition, it is the most expensive material on the market. With regard to otsilidrovannogo logs - use it only if you want to save money on construction. In otsilindrovochny machine is wood, usually from 18 to 26 cm are often immature forest and "tapping." The main disadvantage - you get the output the same pencil, but not exclusive, as in manual cutting. I will not talk about withdrawing durable top layer - this topic is already beaten. The West has long realized that the most prestigious and expensive homes only from the array and only hand-made. There are accepted to live in unity with nature and the main parameter of housing for the Europeans - the environment. For our own countrymen to the house to be higher than your neighbor, here and build a cottage village houses from cylindering, laminated veneer lumber, profiled bar, panel, frame and there is little chopped carpenters. The main tree species: Pine has beautiful environment. Everyone loves a walk in the pine forest and the wonderful air to breathe. The main drawback of pine trees - blue. Blue occurs usually in summer wood if not properly stored. Larch - more durable and more "cool" tree. Thermal conductivity of about 20% higher than that of pine, so the house wall will have to do bulk. Optimal use of larch in the lower crowns. Cedar (cedar pine) - a soft and beautiful tree. Unfortunately, very expensive. At this point, see themselves in income. Than north of the forest grows, the more durable wood. The shorter the distance between annual rings - the better. Timber frame house Timber frame house on terms of their service, and technical specifications are often left far behind the traditional houses made of wood. New materials and modern technologies allow to create a climate of frame houses, or just not inferior to the climate of wooden buildings, while saving on heating, because in frame houses originally provided a good thermal and humidity parameters. Building a frame house, everything else - it is also cost savings, which begins with the construction of the foundation. The fact that the total weight of the frame structure is much less than the weight of the structure of beams, brick and concrete. And if the plot on which planned to build a house, located on the "weak" ground, the frame house is the best solution. Building a frame housing allows without serious financial investment to make the internal layout and appearance of the building almost any architectural form. Repair of the outer surface and facing such a house can be done so that it will be styled as a house of brick or whole logs, such as home obbivayut siding. However, the disadvantages of frame houses. Not all of, say, a bad suit soundproofing and air "heating system, combined with air-conditioning system (if such a system, the distribution of heat flow the air is often over-dried, and therefore have to use humidifiers). Yes, and mechanical strength is poor. And so, I have tried to highlight the topic most effectively. A more complete description of the topic, see the other articles in the portal. When you select the material, should define the number of floors.
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