Zravomyslyaschie people have long understood that to build a house, and even more on an individual project - an expensive and troublesome. And every year, counting the labor savings, bitterly aware that the building had to be postponed indefinitely. Today, wooden house medium size (six by six feet) would cost about $ 5000, and brick - and the more expensive. And this version - without the bells without intricate planning and even without a finish! Meanwhile, the house can be built not only of bricks, logs or lumber. There is a material that reduces the cost of construction of approximately one and a half to two times and has many other advantages. It is called cellular concrete. In the west of it long ago built. And we, as usual, think cheshem his head and doubt. But in vain! That penobeton could give many of us a roof over their head in the truest sense of the word. On what is not in dictionaries Alas, in Encyclopedic Dictionary of the material has not been told anything. How so? Just in case, honors all that was said just about "concrete". It turned out that it was "one of the most important building materials, which is produced as a result of solidification compacted mixture of binder, water, aggregates and in some cases - supplements. Depending on the volume of mass concrete is divided into very heavy, heavy, light and very easy. By type of binder concrete are cement, silicate, gypsum, asphalt, polymer, and others. " About penobeton word. Maybe it's some kind of special concrete additives special foam? Just what kind of foam, how it affects the depreciation of construction and which gives the material properties? It is yet unclear. A few hours wandering among the exhibition stands, too, had not made clear. It has become clear: here you can find anything you want - tile, granite, brick, tile ... Foam is not offered. When I asked one of the sellers nothing concrete and clear answer could not have had to go to the Central Scientific Design Office (TSNKB). There, as it turned out, for several years working to create facilities for the manufacture of aerated concrete. They have something for sure about him everybody knows. A bit of history. Oddly enough, foam - not an achievement of modern supertehnology. This material has appeared in Russia for almost seventy years ago. In the 30 years of Soviet scientist, builder of an experimental abdomen (his name is, alas, lost in the annals of history) has added to the grout soap-root - a plant that lived in Central Asia and forms the foam. As a result, the light of a new building material - foam concrete. That's it! Only later experts have begun to actively mix the cement with chemical additives - or foam-blowing agents (aluminum powder, kleekanifolnym solution, etc.). Based on these developments in Russia began to make building materials out of foam - blocks, partitions, wall panels, which by their thermal insulation properties exceed the brick and heavy concrete by 3-5 times. Pumice or chocolate? They knew everything. And they said that the aerated concrete - a plain cement mortar, which is mixed with small amounts of additives, blowing agents. They are called surface-active agents (surfactants) and, incidentally, is widely used in the manufacture of detergents and shampoos. So that the concrete blocks and all sorts of detergents in a sense, relatives, albeit distant. For the type of foam concrete was pretty ugly gray material that looks like a pumice stone, and "internally" - a porous chocolate. The fact is that as a result of the foaming mass of concrete filled with air bubbles and acquires a cellular structure. This, in turn, makes the material easy: do not accidentally experts consider penobeton to light cellular concrete. That same quality gives the material additional sound and thermal insulation properties. So, despite its homeliness, foam - even very wonderful thing. But we have - as always! Despite the obvious advantages of the new material, foam in Russia has not caught on. There are several reasons: there was no quality foam, good units for the manufacture of foam and other equipment. Therefore, our builders continued to use the traditional "Russian" materials - brick and wooden beams. On the cellular lightweight concrete simply forgotten. And hardly would remember if it had not formed a circumstance, moreover - a national scale. Second Birth Options styling foam: 1 - roof or ceiling, 2 - laying a concrete panel (on the outside - brickwork, inside - gypsum board or fiberboard, foam concrete is poured between them) 3 - laying in a removable formwork It was several years ago. Russian experts, following the decision of the Ministry of Construction of Russian Federation, conducted research on teplosberezheniya in homes. Wanted to know if you can somehow save fuel and energy resources? And to everyone's surprise, found that traditional building materials (the same as conventional concrete or brick) have a very low level of thermal protection. Therefore, the State, and us, its citizens have to spend a lot of money on heating - at a conservative estimate of two to three times higher than in developed countries. As usual, first put forward the slogan: "Save energy - the primary task, and builders gave the" wise "order" to increase the thickness of the enclosing structures made of traditional materials. " But, as usual, only complicate the situation - the construction was more expensive than doubled. Later there is another interesting document - a Presidential Decree "On the development of federal target program" The House ". And this program included the development of new kinds of building materials, which were, in turn, reduce construction costs. That's where the experts and reminisced about our "hometown" of foam concrete. "Above" was followed by another strong directive - increase the production of building materials (primarily from cellular concrete) and to create technological systems for their manufacture. In general, to improve the "new" invention 70 years ago. After this public commotion penobeton again subjected to scrutiny and held a series of tests. For the experiment, laid out two walls - one of bricks, another of the foam. And what happened? To maintain the same heat in the room, the brick wall should be five times as thick aerated concrete! Thus, even a layman it is clear that the construction of a house made of brick, respectively, will take five times as much. That certainly makes the construction of brick rather expensive. To somehow solve this problem and little to reduce the thickness of the brick walls, the builders have done since time immemorial in masonry heat and sound insulation "layer" of mineral wool or polystyrene plates. But this is also a double edged sword: it turned out that mineral wool quickly absorbs water, and polystyrene is flammable and toxic. And what about the foam concrete? Its positive technical properties of foam concrete required internal cellular structure, reminiscent of aerated chocolate. And each air cavity, as the compartment of the submarine, hermetically separated from neighboring cells. As a result, water can not seep inside. Still, the main thing is not it. At the expense of the same cellular foam concrete has good heat and sound insulator: in a house made of foam concrete warm in winter, cool in summer and at any time of year - quietly. Walls and partitions of the foam perfectly tolerate changes in temperature. They "breathe" and do not sweat. Microclimate in the buildings of foam is the same as in the wooden houses. Moreover, this material is environmentally friendly and fireproof: done-it with cement and sand, and, therefore, simply have nothing to burn. All this is certainly interesting and important. But I am worried something else: is it possible to build a house of concrete blocks and how to do this? Employees TSNKB explained that the foam concrete is suitable for all types of construction: both the public and private. And wish to have your own house can do "little blood" and in a financial sense, and sense of time. Need only have the appropriate equipment. Here we must add the important thing: this equipment is not cheap - about 7,000 dollars. Most likely, this price is a summer resident discourage any desire to build a house out of foam. But do not despair: a way out of this situation is - you need to find a company that has a system for making aerated concrete. Its staff will arrive on site, bring equipment and start building a house. If you still want to acquire their own equipment, then your return will "chip in" with neighbors and get set up a purse. Mathematical calculations If funds are insufficient, we can build a house out of foam for parts in general, no special assembly foam concrete does not prepare, and therefore did not build. It's time to do calculations to determine how much cost us the house of the foam. We proceed from the fact that building a wall for the home, for example, measuring 6 x 6 m. The first thing to decide on the architectural design. Suppose you have chosen your project. What's next? As you know, building a house begins with the foundation. The pleasure in these times is not cheap - about $ 2000 to put necessary. After working to make a foundation and he "stand", you can begin construction. To do this, buy "raw" (cement and sand), to pump water from the well and to invite a team working with aerated concrete plant. In the end, all about everything will go somewhere 2000 - 2500 $ (building materials plus work). Add to that $ 2000 for the foundation. Thus, the home of the foam, which was built using monolithic removable formwork, cost about 4000 - 4500 $, and the house of prefabricated units - 1,5-2 times more. This amount is in any case less than the price for the construction of a brick, and even the wooden house. In addition, it is quite possible to build parts: first, the wall, then walls, then roof. Incidentally, in the foam concrete can drive nails, it is very easy to paint and even cut an ordinary hacksaw. So that the wall can be reduced by simply cutting off. I remind you that if you decide to use a monolithic styling with a concrete panel or decides to lay down a house of prefabricated aerated concrete blocks, construction costs will increase significantly. So before making a decision, it is necessary to weigh all the pros and cons. Are there any internal walls of the foam? There. At this time we spoke, so to speak, about "external walls". But from the foam is quite possible to build an excellent interior partitions. In this case, they are much better than the walls of drywall or bricks. For example, if you need to make alterations, then put a new brick wall is very risky and uncomfortable. Risky, because your joists such a weight may simply not survive. And uncomfortable, because in the process of "brick" the work will be a lot of dirt, construction dust and debris. As for drywall, just to bar them little room - it's not a wall. First, you need special guides that are being strengthened two sheets of drywall in parallel to each other. Secondly, between them must also lay some soundproofing! And thirdly, on a wall is not recommended to hang anything heavier than your favorite dog pictures - more of a burden the wall may simply not survive. So, foam successfully perform all these tasks: the process of its production is much "cleaner" and, moreover, the wall of this material is light, durable and reliable. Moreover, if you want out of it you can even make a pillow (a podium) for the beds or more, as they say the designers, "as something to solve the original design of living space." Recipe for foam production technology of foam concrete is rather simple and something even like cooking a cake. First knead "dough" made of cement, sand and water (and in some cases instead of sand added to polystyrene beads (if the material is obtained more easily). Then, in a homogeneous mass is added finished foam, which makes foam concrete porous. "Dough" is ready, you can create building blocks, slabs, walling. Under present conditions the foam made of foam concentrate. It is produced by commercial methods. To prepare the foam requires special equipment, such as foam generator or small-sized unit (sm.chertezh), which not only "whips" the foam, but mixing with cement mortar. Adding to install a hose can be fed (transport), ready-mixed to the house being built to a height of 20 m and a distance of 40 m. handles the installation of two people, but the performance is amazing - 1600 - 4000 l / h! The only condition: in order to obtain high-quality foam concrete, the air temperature during mixing should not be below 10 gr.S. Set for preparation and submission of foam: 1 - Mixer, 2 - grid, 3 - Bunker 4 - gyratory pump, 5 - frame 6 - Foam, 7 - vacuum, 8 - control cabinet, 9 - a container with frother; 10 - pipe (hose) Install a fairly compact: takes about 2.5 meters, it easily can be put in the back "Gazelle" and drop off the construction site. By the way, it can help to make cellular concrete, not only on the street, waiting for the treasured 10 gr.S, but also in the room (if you need to fill in, say, sex or make a partition). In the manufacture of units using monolithic styling, with which the foam concrete is poured into the formwork, thus obtaining a wall, partition, etc. Decking is a removable (sliding) and non-removable. For removable formwork used fibreboard. They put on two sides, poured into the foam concrete and then removed. turns smooth wall or partition. And Fiberboard is used repeatedly. The concrete panel may be different options: either both sides of erecting walls of brick and aerated concrete is poured between them, either from the outside - a brick and the inside - fiberboard, gypsum board etc. Once between the two layers of foam concrete floods drown, fiberboard can be removed, but you can not shoot - it's a matter of taste. If you do decide to remove the hardboard and leave within a "foam" surface, it can be painted, glued her tiles, etc. If you want to make a monolithic stacking, takes care of the mold a firm that carries out the construction. But we should not forget that for a monolithic installation of permanent form (especially if both sides are built of brick wall ) construction costs increase by several times. In other words, a monolithic styling with removable formwork is cheaper than with non-removable. Do not want to communicate with the monolithic styling? Fold the house of prefabricated foam blocks that hold them together with cement mortar. Units are sold in specialty stores and construction markets . You can apply directly to producers of products made of reinforced concrete - concrete products plants. Dimensions of aerated concrete blocks are different, but usually it's "bricks" of 0,2 x 0,2 x 0,4 m (width x height x length) or 0 , 2 x 0.3 x 0.6 m, which are sold at a price of 15-20 rubles apiece. And another thing: if you build a house of prefabricated units, it still would cost less than brick.
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