Types of antiseptics

Preservatives, or pesticides - are chemical poisons used to protect wood from rotting and insect damage, mostly beetles, Dry wood borers. Virtually the same antiseptic used to control beetles and mushroom houses. They are inorganic (mineral), organic and combined. Depending on the impact of these substances on the body of insects they are divided into intestinal, contact and fumigants. Intestinal (internal) toxic substances entering the digestive tract of insects, and poison them. These include all the pesticides used to protect wood from damage mushrooms. This sodium fluoride, sodium fluorosilicate, ammonium fluorosilicate, copper sulfate, zinc chloride, sodium arsenate, and the combined preservatives, as well as creosote oil, chlorinated naphthalene, petihlorfenol (the latter having sustained an unpleasant smell, do not find use in residential buildings and livestock). To combat the beetles and their larvae, located deep in the timber, the concentration of intestinal toxic chemicals should be much higher than for the anti-fungal organisms. Contact (external) substances act on the beetles and their larvae, when they come into contact with them. Such substances are many, but they are expensive and harmful to humans and animals. When you work with them requires special caution. This DDT hexachloran, hlorodon, trichlorfon and other fumigants call such substances, which in the form of steam or gas enter through the respiratory tract, through the skin into the body of insects, causing their death.

The fight against the destroyers of wood

Wrestling with household fungi and insects - timber can be reduced to a minimum, if the advance to take appropriate action. For example, for the life of wood pests it is necessary moisture content. In very dry wood or fungi, or beetles Dry wood borers can not live without. Thus, the beetles first appeared in the legs of furniture, because when you wash their floors often with a damp cloth, and this makes the wood a certain amount of moisture. Thus, concern for the preservation of wood should start even with the cutting area, where you would normally get infected mushroom houses. Mycelium from infected wood easily gets through to the latest tools, shoes, clothes, etc. Frost is below 5 ° C kills the mycelium, but, unfortunately, only on the wood surface. Develop fungi as the light and in darkness. The main condition for their development - humidity. It is necessary to procure a healthy timber otbrakovyvaya with signs of infection not only fungi but also beetles. Store materials necessary for a high, dry place free from debris, bushes, herbs, with a mandatory device grooves for water drainage. Timber must oshkurit, bark and other debris removed from storage and burn, observing fire prevention measures. Oshkurennye logs appropriate cover (color) on all sides by water with antiseptic or even lime wash (in a bucket of whitewash of 100 g of common salt, previously dissolved in water). The ends of the logs can not be an oil painting or other like paint, closing the pores of the wood. The logs should be laid in each row butt to one side.

Treatment of wood infested houses mushrooms

Due to persistence of fungal organisms range of measures to antiseptic repair should be performed very carefully, in a strict sequence. Everything, even the slightly affected areas of wood should be removed. After this construction is well dried, antiseptic, and again dried (in crude wood preservatives is not absorbed). Antiseptirovanie best performed three times at a constant or systematic airing. As mentioned, many antiseptic solutions corrode metals, so the metal parts is recommended prior to treatment with oil paints to paint two or three. In order not to spread the fungal spores, for removing diseased wood under the seat is recommended to lay plastic sheeting, oilcloth, or a thick cloth. If the treatment is carried out at the top of the wall, the wall itself, and below the treated site should be anything closed to her did not get fungal spores. After processing all the cut wood (wood chips, sawdust, chips) should be collected in a metal container and burn or bury at a depth of 70 cm, A Place in the cut wood antiseptic, dry, and only then put in place antiseptirovannuyu and dried piece. Repaired the place to be reliably protected from moisture and create the opportunity for continuous ventilation. Dry antiseptics and preservatives based on kerosene or turpentine, or their mixtures are not dried. On the horizontal surfaces of various designs can be applied dry antiseptic, mounds of layers desired thickness, taking measures that they will not pour.

Paint: multicolor technology, operation

In an extensive range of finishing materials have become increasingly popular decorative Multicolor (mosaic) of paint. They are practically feasible, easy to operate and allow us to obtain a wide color palette. Multicolor coatings represent "the paint in the paint." Capsules of paint of one color "float" within the paint of another color. Due to the special structure of the components of these colors never mix with each other is not, and can be bi-color or multicolored. They are applied most often using a special gun. Under high pressure, which is created inside the spray-gun, capsules of paint sprayed on the wall, creating a chaotic pattern desired texture. Multicolor paints vary in size inclusions. They can be large or smaller. In capsule form it contains gold, silver, pearl blotches, which when applied to the wall begin to sparkle and iridescent sparkle. Multicolor paint attract not only for its decorative effect, but also an extraordinary resistance to all sorts of dirt and moisture. They are not afraid of the claws of pets, no shrinkage at home: scratches, cracks and even more so, they will not appear. In addition to their durability, these materials are fairly simple to maintain. Washed without any problems, you should just avoid detergents containing solvents, alcohol, and alkaline components. It is environmentally friendly, fire resistant material approved for use in both residential and public buildings of different purposes. We represent your attention the most popular collections Multicolor coatings.

Glue on all occasions, wallpaper paste, dispersion glue, PVA glue

CMC wallpaper glue. One of the oldest and most trusted wallpaper adhesives are adhesives based on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The fact that the carboxymethylcellulose has the temperature of coagulation, ie, when dissolved in hot water it does not form precipitation and clods. Simply put, when preparing the adhesive on the basis of the substance water temperature does not play a strong role. To understand the market CMC-adhesives is not easy, their range is constantly growing and changing. Therefore, in order not to fall for bait bungler and not buy low quality goods, we recommend that you follow a few simple rules. First and foremost: CMC-glue is a white powder. If so, then he will be glued superbly, quickly dissolve in water without forming lumps while. If I buy the glue is yellow and powder in a package instead of chips, it is a clear sign that before you produce poor quality. Especially dangerous is it for paper wallpaper, this glue can easily seep through them and their yellow spoil the appearance, moreover, it is long and poorly soluble in water. Not recommended for domestic import wallpaper adhesives, since the results can be unpredictable, there were cases when they change color, messing with the colors of wallpaper. All the errors in the selection can be avoided if you buy the adhesive well-known brands such as: "Quelyd" (France), "Dufa Tapetenkleister" (Germany), "TD 2000 (England)," Papa "(Germany), or use a glue the same brand as the wallpaper.

Paint with decorative special effects

In general, fine wall coverings - is a broader concept than paint. to decorative coatings are mainly: structural plaster, Venetian plaster "," flock "(" chips "), stone chips and other materials, which does not apply the word" paint " . As for paints with special effects, the word "paint" speaks for itself and its significance to explain, perhaps, not necessary. And here to talk about special effects worth it. Moreover, they are created in different ways: either through a special composition of the paint, either by Special application techniques and the use of different, sometimes quite original instruments. Special effects inherent in the composition and structure of colors of granite surface effect is obtained by using the so-called mosaic of colors (often called granite or multicolored). No granite dust, as many think, in these colors no. It is composed of colored bubbles, which when applied to the wall are broken and create multi-colored coating. Depending on the size of the bubbles and on their composition, such paints can create a variety of effects - from imitation granite to create the effect of suede. Mosaic paints come in two colors and colored. Mosaic paint is applied by special compressor-spray (gun). Snegonakopitelny effect - the glow in the dark paint is obtained by using fluorescent dyes. When the natural or artificial light, surface, painted with paint that looks like usual, but in the dark it glows. As a general rule such dyes are used to create the wall with stencils of different patterns and borders (eg, flower borders, star-shaped deposit, etc.).

How to paint the facade

The facade is designed to not only serve as a "person" at home, but and provide protection from the weather. Very often the facade bears the traces of weathering (variable temperature, variable and high humidity, ultraviolet radiation, wind), biological agents (molds, fungi), industrial and environmental pollution of the environment. peeling or discolored, spotty or even no decorated facades - a rather sad phenomenon. That is why the color of the facade is for many people, the real problem. How to paint the facade so that it looks nice and does not collapse over time? First step - select the type of paint. All paint materials for facades, are protective and decorative coatings, ie they must not only decorate the building but also reduce the level of destroying its environmental influence. Characteristics of the selected paint materials shall conform to the conditions which will be operated cover. For the front works best option is a water-dispersion acrylic materials. Water-dispersion materials are produced mainly based on three types of variances: - polyvinyl acetate (PVA) - butadiene (BS) - acrylic (AA). All three have their advantages and disadvantages. Thus, the dispersion of PVA adhesives are indispensable in the tree, but the paints based on them are obtained nevodostoykie and therefore have a very low scope, despite the fact that they are inexpensive. True, there are various waterproof PVA copolymers, but also in paints they are inferior to acrylic dispersions.

Beautician for the homeowner

Vadim Alexeev A man in a perfume shop usually feels mild confusion - ctellazhi with makeup seemed to him an alchemist laboratory. But in the wilds of automotive beauty, he focuses very well. So, all in a mood thing? so prior to our conversation about the protective equipment for the home, we will ask readers to tune into a serious mood. First, let's define the range of issues that must be considered. Thus, it is important to clarify: that we, in fact, protect, protect from what? And as with protecting what? Let's go in order. The object of protection are the interior and exterior of a country house. In the first case - expensive finishing materials and construction, and above all made of fine wood: flooring, cladding panels, interior doors, window frames, etc. Speaking of the exterior, we mean the surface of wood or stone facades, roofs and various decorative elements (especially metal), etc. What are defending? A very pertinent question, if we remember that the enemies of any building or finishing material to spare. Thus, the wood is afraid of excessive moisture, and conversely, dryness, harmful microorganisms, the scorching sun and the mechanical action. And, for example, metal rusts in contact with water there. On the last question: by what means can extend the life of your beloved home and its individual elements - we will give a detailed answer. In fact, this entire article is devoted. Of bugs and worms Almost all finishing coatings possess, in addition to the purely decorative properties, and more protective.

A beautiful facade with paint

A beautiful facade catches the eye not only master of the house, but any person passing by. Add beauty and brightness of the facade will help paint. The main function of paints for exterior painting and decorating, in addition to creating a decorative effect - the protection of the facade from the ravages of the environment. Speech - the exterior paint for the "stone" facades. That is, of course, to paint the facade of polished granite or marble, nobody, probably not, but the concrete walls, surfaces, trimmed with various types of plaster, lined with sandstone, it is necessary to paint. And the term "stone" refers to just such a surface. The most important function of any covering - protection of the facade from moisture. The fact is that virtually all the mechanisms of destruction of the stone associated with the physical, chemical, biological and mechanical effects, one way or another are based on the action of moisture. Rain, especially with the wind, and flowing down the walls of water can carry away from the particle surface of brick, stone, mortar and concrete. But if this role was limited to water, it would be bad. Like other materials, stone can absorb water, which is accompanied by swelling. It is clear that all the stones to absorb water in different ways: for example, porous brick, mortar and much swell, which is not true of granite, absorption capacity is very low. When water gets into the stone on the border between different building materials, and sometimes even between the particles of the same material (eg, sandstone), cause severe stress.

How to paint the ceiling?

How to paint the ceiling? What a question? Take and paint. All they can. All true. Nothing difficult. And then we can find some basic, common shortcomings. First of all, there's some spots. Immediately after painting everything looks fine, but when dry spots appear on the ceiling. Further work roller only worsens the result, the surface is increasingly becoming diverse. Stains on the ceiling, which seemed just a shade different from the lighting, really stand out are strongly stained. Let us consider the nature of these spots. Stains on the ceiling's not from a bad mix paints of different colors. We paint the same color (usually white) and one bucket. And the cushion is the same. And the spots appear. If you look at these spots more closely, we see different texture to the same surface of our ceiling. Layers of paint have different texture and thickness, which we think immediately picks up. Places homogeneous textures look the same and not conspicuous. Not ascertained the cause of this phenomenon, some again repaint the ceiling, further prolonging the difference in the texture and colors, respectively. So why did appear ill-fated spot? Yes, from inability and violations of painting technology. Prior to the painting will prepare necessary. Material - paint. Domestic or imported it - almost no difference (just not an obvious fake). Instrument - cushion. Affects the quality of painting the ceiling has a greater extent. Of the variety of rolls the best results are achieved when working with a long nap roller (filaments).

Dip your brush

Vadim Alexeev What paint works best for your home? In stores now represented by a huge number of paint formulations that differ in technological, operational and decorative properties. In addition, not least, for any work you want to use paint: inside or outside. Modern paints - it is a complex multicomponent structure. It includes the film former (a binder, by which on the surface to formed a colorful film), pigments, fillers, solvents and various additives - thickening agents and others as a binder of film-forming substances are commonly used alkyd resins (alkyd and oil paints) , aqueous dispersions of polymers: styrene-acrylate, butadiene-styrene, polyvinyl acetate (water dispersion), sodium silicate, or scientific, sodium silicate and potassium (silicate paints), silicone resin (silicone), linseed oil (based on them doing finger paints ) varnishes (enamel paint), etc. The colorful alternative to interior paints used in the interior must be especially environmentally friendly. After all, with their painted faces homeowner will have to deal with daily and hourly. Considered the most environmentally friendly water-dispersion paints (WEC). Connecting basis of such paints is not diluted with an organic solvent, unsafe, and water. It is water-dispersion trains experts advise to cover large areas - walls, floor, ceiling, walls, etc. Use alkyd and oil paints in the interior, too, is not forbidden, but in small amounts, say, to paint the window frames, metal pipes and radiators heating.

Gender issues

Let's say you've already decided: in the living room is parquet hallway to lay a laminate, in that room must be precisely to fix carpet, the kitchen - linoleum in the bathroom and tiled floors ... or just choose between the surface of the sea grass, and cork plates? In any case, before you raise the question of consolidating the foundation. One of the most popular options - glue. Naturally, going to buy glue, you've just have to know that they will be secured and to what. There are, of course, the compositions, positioned as universal. But it is very arbitrary: one group of materials are suitable for the other - not. Pasted material - the main criterion on which the share adhesives for floor coverings. The latter, in turn, is traditionally divided into hard (brick, ceramic tile, wood, including flooring, natural stone) and soft (carpet, linoleum, vinyl, rubber, cork). Each of them has its own varieties, which may affect the choice. Other options - the basis of the adhesive (polyurethane, latex, acrylic) and the solvent (or lack thereof). Adhesives for wood glue Here the choice depends on the size of the board, wood species (absorbing or not, whether resistant to swelling) and the number of layers in the floor plank. The main requirement of the adhesive in this case - elasticity. The material breathes and board size varies depending on temperature and humidity environment. In order for your floor with the whole remained even after long periods of time, the glue should not crumble when dry.

Fruitful influence of the West

Yegor Barhotov flight of fancy people is limitless. Especially because there are so often you can hear a fashionable word creativity (from the English create - create), and all try to life as to be distinguished idea and imperishable masterpiece. I want to add that without the creative exploration and practice, not always successful, creativity is impossible. With the huge amount of building materials, paints and chips for decoration design options are spaces, varied enough to say, they are simply unlimited in the choice of options. Moreover, using some material not only for its intended you to find unusual exclusive solution. That's today's story about it. It is very necessary, because based on the principle "Economy should be economical" (the slogan of the 80's and now - is relevant). The idea Vyacheslav Romanov Applied designer. If the brain it captured the creative process - not sleeping and not eating. That's today's early morning, sitting in his seat, his eyes red, but joyful. By his own irresistible desire to work in the night. And now Olga Smirnova waiting, designer of the room. You see, she came up the canyon to make a niche in the free spaces of huge stones, under the harsh air of the Wild West. Meet, laugh, and the aim is not simple. Behold the glory of such a thing came up. Looked at the rest of the board ceiling gypsum fiber pieces and stirred the thought and wish was discarded. And do not do Are they ...? Yes, yes the canyon walls. The technology is only at first glance seems simple, but to perform its required sufficient skill, patience and time.

Kinds of primers, how to select the primer

It depends on the primers is as rugged and durable mate first layer of putty with the basics: whether it will continue to flake off, get wet, cracking, etc. Primer - one of the most important part of any process chain for high-quality finishing, repair, and the more surface color. It is designed for pretreatment of walls, floors and ceilings to plaster, putty, painting, laying tile, floor screed device, repair and restore the surface, etc., etc. No primer is indispensable for application materials to the complex surface: not enough or too porous , dusty and dirty, stained plaster or other building mortar, etc. What do we mean by the word "primer"? This is a liquid homogeneous mass consisting of a mixture of fillers and special components in the binder polymer. How to choose a primer need the application of a primer should be determined by the type and condition of the treated surface. It is also important to consider the appointment of the room: bathroom, kitchen, bathroom, etc. Priming wallpaper glue is the cheapest way, but it applies only to perfectly flat surface. Priming reduces vlagovpiyvayuschie adhesive properties of the surface, but there are many other dangers: a manifestation of yellow spots on a light wallpaper, crumbling plaster, cracks, etc. Now, replace the "outdated" way of priming the glue came the so-called spetsgruntovki. Between themselves, they differ in the constituent components, which allow to find the best coverage without sacrificing the personal finishing material.

Why use oil paint?

The use of wood for construction has been known since prehistoric times and today it is widely used for construction of houses. However, most tree threaten enemies, both external and internal. The former should be attributed, primarily, the fire (wood is known to be highly flammable) and ultraviolet rays, which detracts from the appearance of structures of this material. Inside the danger comes from moisture. It contains not only a growing tree, but in lumber or finished wood products. Moisture content of wood should not exceed 15%. Excessive saturation of water and insufficient ventilation gradually destroy the structure of the material and cause other diseases of the tree. In addition, if it is under the open sky, the amount of its internal moisture is not constant. The tree then absorbs water in direct contact with rain or moist air, it dries out. These oscillations lead to warping and premature aging of the wood. However, the worst enemies of wood - are microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, mold, moss) and insects and mercilessly feeding on wooden structures. From enemies to fight: either in advance to prevent their attack or defend against invasion, if it is, alas, has already happened. Protect the tree from the enemies to help special chemicals - antiseptics. They are of two kinds. First - impregnation (primer), which have antimicrobial and anti-fungal (fungicide and algitsidnym) effect. Primers usually colorless or with a greenish tinge, which disappears after a few months after application.

Antiseptics. Purpose and application features

The use of wood for construction has been known since prehistoric times and today it is widely used for construction of houses. However, most tree threaten enemies, both external and internal. The former should be attributed, primarily, the fire (wood is known to be highly flammable) and ultraviolet rays, which detracts from the appearance of structures of this material. Inside the danger comes from moisture. It contains not only a growing tree, but in lumber or finished wood products. Moisture content of wood should not exceed 15%. Excessive saturation of water and insufficient ventilation gradually destroy the structure of the material and cause other diseases of the tree. In addition, if it is under the open sky, the amount of its internal moisture is not constant. The tree then absorbs water in direct contact with rain or moist air, it dries out. These oscillations lead to warping and premature aging of the wood. However, the worst enemies of wood - are microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, mold, moss) and insects and mercilessly feeding on wooden structures. From enemies to fight: either in advance to prevent their attack or defend against invasion, if it is, alas, has already happened. Protect the tree from the enemies to help special chemicals - antiseptics. They are of two kinds. First - impregnation (primer), which have antimicrobial and anti-fungal (fungicide and algitsidnym) effect. Primers usually colorless or with a greenish tinge, which disappears after a few months after application.

Operational, technological and decorative paint properties

Regardless of its composition, for all paints and other coatings decorative coatings there are some rules that they must comply. They should be easy to be simple to maintain, without prejudice to endure dry or wet cleaning, be ekologicheskichistymi, convenient in application. In addition to these qualities, to many kinds of materials are subject to additional requirements - high resistance to wear in heavily used areas, moisture resistance when used in bathrooms, kitchens, etc. In addition to the performance of coatings on the buyer's choice is largely influenced by the properties of decorative coatings, such as color , texture, luster, etc., as well as the cost of coverage. Decorative paint properties color. Modern paints can have almost any shade. Each manufacturer of paint products, there are special directories that list thousands of shades, each izkotoryh has a number, and you can get virtually neskolkominut with special tinting machine. The degree of gloss is also in wide limits: paint can be high gloss, glossy, sredneglyantsevymi, etc. dopolumatovyh, matt and deeply dull. In recent years, the greatest demand is matte paint. Texture coating is achieved is not necessarily due to special properties of the paint, but also thanks to a special application technique. Sometimes the textured coating is capable of creating the special optical effects on the walls, light and shadow, the apparent change in color depending on the angle and the degree of illumination. Technological properties of paints Opacity - a very important feature of using kotoruyumozhno analyze the different colors.

Glue so that the glue

Vitaly Lviv wet surface of the wall is easily seen by the dark color of concrete when it is cleaned. If the moisture level is not obvious at first glance, you should arrange a test for the level of moisture in the wall. It is carried out as follows: the wall with adhesive tape attached a piece of film. If the surface is wet, the moisture comes through in the form of condensation on the reverse side of the film. When moisture Wallcovering makes no sense. Hold on a wet surface or paper or vinyl products will not. If you do not remove the causes of excessive moisture walls, then make them decorative finish meaningless. There are some obvious signs of moisture contained in the wall, just a few of them: loose wallpaper, plaster, loose as a result of crystallization treads salt or frost penetrated inside her water, a loose masonry exterior walls, mold on the walls, flaking paint and plaster . Once identified the causes of high humidity, it is necessary to eliminate them before they begin to prepare the walls for pasting wallpaper. Check the surface hardness is carried out by scratching the walls with a hard object. In this case, the site of application should not show scratches delamination. Also, if you wipe the surface of the wall by hand, then his hand should not remain a white plaque. Chalky residues should be thoroughly washed off the wall. Old peeling wallpaper also need to be removed completely. Then wash off glue residues and waste paper (if it was stuck under the old wallpaper).

Secrets of beauty and longevity

Vladimir Mikhailov unique natural wood color, unfortunately, vulnerable and short-lived. Wetness, temperature, fungus and blue - all of which can completely destroy the charm of the first timber, and then the rest of its remarkable properties. On ways to combat this scourge and will be discussed. Our ancestors antiseptics and dryers do not know. But felled forest at certain times, rafted the rivers, and dried under the sun and wind ... Different regions have their own ways of "hardening" of wood against fungi and bark beetles, but all of them - not for our industrial age, though, because sometimes take years. Many secrets of carpentry and timber artisanal, alas, irretrievably lost. They were replaced by high technology and chemical methods of protection. But the chemistry chemistry strife. Sometimes the manufacturers of various fire retardants, bleaches, and antiseptic formulations "forget" to warn consumers that their products are not too healthy. As a result, we are proud to be used in the interior of natural wood, but do not realize that it is hopelessly poisoned by salts of heavy metals and other filth. Everything is good in moderation. To begin with, note: A good host must first avoid the conditions in which the natural enemies of wood feel at ease and confident. Among these enemies, in particular, bacteria, fungi, algae, insects that feed on either wood, or simply contribute to its destruction. To make life pests of wooden structures did not seem to honey, first of all need to observe a certain humidity conditions.

Fillers and additives in paints and varnishes

To make the various properties of paint coatings, they introduced a variety of fillers and pigments. Pigments - it's fine colored organic or inorganic substances. Otherwise they are called dry paint. Pigments are needed to make the color material and improve opacity, light and weather. Organic pigments - are synthetic dyes that are added to the binders of paints and varnishes. They can produce bright, saturated colors. In the water-dispersed compositions frequently used inorganic pigments. Inorganic pigments can be natural (vegetable, mineral) or synthetic origin, are solids, they do not dissolve in water, solvents and film-forming components. Inorganic pigments in a finely dispersed solid form is added to paints, varnishes and other fillers are used to impart the desired coating properties. This solids not soluble in the binder and film-forming and non-coloring power. They are in the form of dispersions are added to the coating. Solvents and thinners - a necessary component of all paint materials. Solvents - a volatile organic liquid, which makes a film-forming liquid so that they become suitable for application by brush or roller to the surface. With the help of solvents is governed viscosity paints. Thinners, unlike solvents, do not possess solvent properties, but in combination with solvents, they are capable of a wide range to adjust the viscosity of the material. Good natural solvent and diluent is water, and sometimes, when the material allows it, use it for that purpose.

Spend wisely

Types of adhesives for wallpaper adhesives for wallpaper used on the basis of flour, starch, wood glue, resins, latex, rubber and other adhesive materials possessing acceptable processing properties (colorless, necessary adhesion, time setting). Industry produces adhesives in the form of packaged with instructions for preparation and application. If there is no glue factory manufacture adhesives can be made from flour and their waste, as well as potato or corn starch. Pasting a simple wallpaper paste should be prepared without glue. With its adhesive used for gluing surfaces and label paper. Prokleivat and pasting paper can be hot paste, wallpaper is just cool. From the hot glue paint on the wallpaper and soak smeared during priglazhivaniya, so it should be done through a clean paper. Shelf-life glue at a positive temperature one day, when negative - two or three days. Fresh paste has a high bonding strength. Its better to prepare for a day of work. Consumption of any adhesive depends on the roughness of the surface density of the paper and wallpaper. Some wallpapers require double smearing paste and, of course, the ability to work. Paste made of flour or starch is used when a sale is not final. Flour can be replaced by flour dust settles on different structures inside the mill and the flour with the presence of small grains of sand, what happens when after forging grinding millstones. Flour is rye, peklevannaya or peeled, wheat, oats, etc., which has good adhesive ability. Starch can be potato, corn or maize.

Secrets of the painters

Vitaly Lviv Painting work - drawing painting structures on the surface of buildings and structures in order to increase their service life, improve sanitation in the premises and give them a beautiful appearance. Every year interior space is becoming sleeker, increased requirements for architectural expression, internal and external design of buildings, quality of finish. Meet these requirements new efficient, economical repair materials - new synthetic varnishes, lacquers and paints, particularly water-based and silicone. It would seem to paint a wall - it is not difficult. However, the painting requires very careful preparation of the wall to the repairs: Paint will not hide any cracks or irregularities or any other defects in the wall. In addition, there are many ways of applying the paint, depending on which improves the appearance and color last longer. Clean painted surfaces depends on the quality of operations performed and the sequence of works. In the high-quality color unacceptable tiny grains in the paint. Paint work need different brushes, rollers, spatulas, rulers. When painting works use different colors on the composition of: adhesives, lime, oil, enamel, and others. All paints contain various binders, pigment and auxiliary substances. Value of parts in paint is not by chance, so adding some substance at random, such as solvent, instead of improving the quality of the painted surface can lead to its reduction. Typically, paint is sold as a finished product. If you want to dilute it, add to only the most necessary amount of solvent, otherwise the paint will flow, especially on vertical surfaces.

Varnishes and paints for beauty

Vitaly Lviv Do you do repairs in an apartment or begin to build a private house, you have still faced with work directly related to painting and painting facilities. Today's lack of information regarding the coatings can aggravate your situation regarding the repair of your dwellings. Is it not better once and for all to read and learn all the necessary information? What prevents the notorious "teapot" to become a true master of his craft? Yes, almost anything but a substantial lack of knowledge. Practice - come with time, it would wish. But with the information - a big problem. Paint material - the product has the ability when applying a thin layer on a product form on the surface of a protective or decorative film (coating). Coatings in the construction industry solve two main tasks: to protect the surface of various materials from destruction under the influence of atmospheric factors; perform artistic aesthetic function (creation of a supportive human environment). Among the coating materials used in construction, can be roughly distinguish four main groups: the facade paints, including primers, impregnation, paint, interior, paint for metal protection against corrosion, paints, varnishes, adhesives for wood. Basic paint materials are classified by type, chemical composition and the preferential destination of the material. To paint materials include enamels, paints, varnishes, primers, sealers. In the paint industry, there are common terms and definitions of basic types of paint materials and their components.

How to properly prepare the floor to the floor topcoat

Vitaly Lviv All we have plenty of time to notice how quickly repaired the floor in public areas loses its former beauty: linoleum yellow and rubbed, hardwood plank and stir unpleasant creaking under the feet of the surface of carpeting covered mounds and folds. And this occurs despite the claims of most manufacturers that guarantee the life of their coating no less than 10 - 15 years. We decided to look and understand what is required to maintain a decent form of sex in public places and whether it is possible to avoid or delay the onset of irreversible change? So, depending on the application range of floor coverings can be divided into two unequal categories: Domestic. Their steles in apartments and private homes, where the load on the floor are small and the coating does not impose too much to ask; Commercial. Designed for rooms that are frequently used: offices, shops, hotels, industrial premises, etc. As it turned out, enough to choose the right flooring for a particular room. A recipe for success includes literacy training grounds and adherence to the technology of its styling. Only when these two conditions will cover a variety of serve and please you with its looks very long. To understand what they mean by "competent training grounds," we consider this process in detail. And do not dwell on the floor, requiring the rough alignment. We turn the floor, which in principle is ready for installation: it is a smooth, dry and free of cracks, dirt, and which requires only a "clean" level.

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Properties and applications of timber

To build the most extensive use of coniferous trees, pine, fir, larch. The most widely used is pine. Fir wood contains less tar than a pine tree, and therefore easier to rotting in a high and variable humidity. Spruce are produced predominantly bearing wooden structures. Hardwoods have less stability and uniformity, with the exception of oak, the wood is solid and durable. The density of wood ranges from 400 to 1100 kg/m3 and porosity - 30 to 80%. Properties and applications of wood Wood moisture affects all of its major properties, and varies depending on the humidity and temperature. Depending on the humidity of the wood are distinguished: completely dry - humidity of 0%; room-dry - humidity of 8-14% air-dry - humidity of 15-20% wet - wet more than 20% freshly cut - more than 35% humidity. Apply the wood for the device and partition walls, roofs and ceilings, making moldings and millwork are also used wood waste (sawdust and chips are made Pressed plates, etc.). Pine Pine is of two kinds: Rudova growing on elevated sandy ground, and myandovaya, growing in lowland areas. Rudova melkosloynuyu pine has a dense resinous wood myandovaya - a loose, coarse-grained wood. Used for cutting pine walls of houses, manufacture window frames, doors, floors, millwork, plywood, etc. Spruce fir is of two kinds - the European and Siberian. Fir wood a uniform white color with a faint yellowish tinge, it is soft, like pine, but with less tar, which reduces resistance to decay. Used spruce for the same purpose as the pine.

Wooden wall paneling and Lining

Wooden paneling called decorative board, designed for wall cladding, doors, siding, etc. Environmentally friendly material is made from solid wood. Keeping all the useful properties of wood wall paneling not only carries decorative function - gives a nice view, visually align the walls, etc., but also makes the house more "alive" - ??controls the humidity in the room, creates a favorable atmosphere. What is the difference between the lining and Lining? Lining called battens, the production of which complied with European standards of quality. Often the manufacturers do not use the word "Lining," and called its quality products that meet stringent quality requirements simple - wall paneling. Consider the basic parameters of lining: length, width, thickness. As a rule, lining of greater length is more expensive (the same number of cubic meters). This is due to the fact that it is difficult to pick up material for the manufacture of linings, in which the entire length will be acceptable amount of flaws. Profile bunks. The profile provides a connection boards lining with one another through tongue-and-groove. Variety of wooden bunks. Lining usually manufactured in conditions close to the German standard DIN 68126/86, which imposes restrictions on knots, cracks, tubular core, roll, roe, resin pockets, zasmolennye uschatki, bark, insect infestation, rot, discoloration, wane and other parameters of the lining. The tougher requirements, the higher the grade of lining - from high A to low AS material lining.

Timber. General characteristics

When building a house, we somehow have to deal with the timber. Whether it's wooden house, under the metal roofing truss system, or an ordinary fence, we have to use timber. Try to give a general description of timber and methods for their protection. Of wood building materials are considered the best pine and spruce, but also used aspen, alder, linden and other breeds. When construction requires various logs, poles, planks, boards, etc. (Fig. 1). As for the quality they are divided into three classes, measured in cubic meters. The wood on the house should be dry and not affected beetle drevoedom. In the damp wood can create a house-mushroom - a dangerous pest, the struggle which is very laborious. However, it must be borne in mind that when drying wood shrinks, warp and crack. Humidity green wood is more than 50%, semi-dry - no more than 23 air-dry - 18 and dry - 7%. In all the designs of buildings are usually used air-dry wood. To obtain such a timber, it can withstand under a canopy at least a year, but to get to dry for at least three years. Logs - their length ranges from 4 to 9m. Thickness of cut - 100 - 260mm. Plywood is composed of several layers of veneer. Fabricated in sheets of various sizes with a thickness of 1 to 12mm. On quality is divided into three classes. Parquet is made from solid wood: oak, beech, ash, maple, and others applied for flooring. Parquet board - this is a common pine floorboards with glued thin strips of hardwood. Fig. 1. Timber and lumber used in construction: a - plate, b - dvuhkantny timber; in - Unedged d - QUARTER, e - beams with a wane chetyrehkantny e - half-edged boards with wane; x - chistoobreznoy beam, and h - slab; and - Cutting board; to - planed floorboards, timber plate, bars, planks and boards, etc.

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How to buy a timber. Tips

When buying and selling of timber we have to measure them. How to do it? Try to highlight in this article. Unlike other types of goods they do not sell any piece or by weight. Specificity of the rules of sale of timber is quite complicated, even the regulatory authorities are not always able to verify the accuracy of leave. However, some suppliers of timber supply in the trade volume of lumber packages 1,5-2 m3, attach a tag on them indicating the exact amount and price of timber. However, this practice is no exception. Individual contractors are well aware that when buying a measurement of timber produced on site is usually a storekeeper Timber base. In this regard, often have questions about the correctness of the retail price of a particular party timber prepared for sale. And so, to avoid not pleasant moments when buying timber products, we'll give you some advice. Simple buyer never holding a price list, and therefore does not know that, besides volume, the cost of the board is determined depending on the degree of processing (trimming or edging), type (pine or larch), grade, and short boards (up to 1 , 75 m) have a reduced price. Individual developer does not even know what a huge array of GOST, OST, TU regulates the quality of produced timber. A trade workers for several reasons not in a hurry to share information, to explain clearly the rules of sale. I would like to help equip the customer experience in this matter, that he is better able to defend their rights in the store.

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Particleboard - Wood-shaving plates. Production of particleboard

CPD produced by hot pressing of coarse wood chips derived from waste wood and wood unbusinesslike any species. During pressing, the chips injected thermosetting resins, as well as hydrophobic, antiseptic and other additives that make hardboard plate acquires special strength and durability. At the first stage of the production of fiberboard panels are raw material processing. The use of round wood is reduced by the use of materials such as wood chips, sawdust and recycled wood. The resulting chips are sorted, cleaned and dried. Then, from the tarred chips formed the so-called carpet, from which is obtained after pressing praobraz fiberboard panels. Next plate edge and subjected to various forms of finishing - sanding, coating and others. Later then, wood fiber responds to the humidity is not as strong as the fibers in natural wood. Therefore, hardboard - a very stable material. Thanks to this quality they are suitable primarily for the production of furniture and built-in parts of large area. True, on one condition: that the humidity does not exceed the "capacity" plates. Disadvantages WISP addition to the benefits of chipboard has its drawbacks. From chips and pitches are not so resilient and durable as real wood, so that some of the wooden construction of the chipboard can be done. Along the edges of plate and drilling locations can be produced chips, place cut often look ugly. In short, in order not to damage the surface of chipboard, with them must be handled very carefully.

Shaped beam

Corrugated board - it is a natural timber for the production of profiled bar is mainly used pine or spruce, although it is also used larch and cedar. It replaces the usual tetrahedral and round timber. Benefits profiled bar: Houses with corrugated timber quickly and easily, because all the products carried out on machines with high accuracy. Ready-piece bar has seating cups, insulation grooves, spikes, Pincher mezhventsovy heater, vertical cuts through which the beam does not lead, just off the voltage and prevents horizontal cracking in the process of drying lumber. In the production of conventional timber attached to a clearly defined standard profile, its surface is planed for the first class of purity - that is, to a level Lining. As we have said, the houses of the planed profiled bar quickly and easily. At the same time, usually after rain carcass constructed of profiled bar, konopatka insulation is not required. In addition, the beam profile is constructed in such a way that rain water does not fall between the beams that guard them from rotting. And of course, home of the profiled bar will be attractive form crystals after, it requires no additional finishing. When selecting profiled timber for building houses, you should pay attention to the quality of its drying, because the bar is the bulk material, and dry it to the point where shrinkage and deformation of the material will be kept to a minimum, is quite difficult. Failure to comply with technology for processing and drying of timber can be "novel", a house with such a timber is not buden reliable, it can give shrinkage and creaking in the cold.

Heat-treated wood

What is heat treatment? To obtain high-quality lumber wood must be dried. Until the mid 1990's the most advanced technology is a high drying at a temperature of 100 - 150 degrees Celsius. In 1997, one of the woodworking factories in Finland, Mikkeli introduced a new technology that has been called. For a given technological process of drying is carried out at a temperature of 150 - 230 degrees. The higher the temperature, the greater the weight loss due to evaporation of volatile compounds (in other words, the tree becomes easier). The greater weight loss, the less water remains in the wood. Depending on the conditions of heat treatment and wood residual moisture content of 40 - 60% less than that dried in the usual way. The process of treatment usually lasts about 24 hours. Moisture content of wood after heat treatment is reduced by 80 - 90%. As a consequence, significantly reduced its heat: heat-treated wood is heated much less raw, coming on this indicator to Abashev. The surface of the heat-treated wood is not porous and dense, which reduces the ability of wood to absorb moisture from the air (30% - 90% depending on the temperature and drying time). In practice this means that the tree is able to repel water without additional treatment with special impregnation. Thermal treatment decomposed wood sugar, is a breeding ground for microorganisms that contribute to rotting wood. It is extremely resistant to decay, approaching this indicator to the larch, and, consequently, hygienic material.

New species of wood-fiber boards

Not so long ago in the consumer market, a new material that combines the properties of wood and chipboard. This fibreboard (MDF) of the singular density. In the furniture industry are already being used. Useful this stuff can become a home for the master. Fibreboard This kind of wood-fiber boards - the result of efforts to overcome the negative properties of wood that swells and shrinks, bent and warped as a result of this counter can assume the appearance of plywood, carpentry and chipboard, that is, materials that behave more " peacefully, "than a tree. But they also have negative properties that must be taken into account. In the new fiberboards source material - wood - not only processed by cutting, but he literally razmochalen "to separate the fibers. So, after passing through the sliced ??pulp discs without any commitment emerge fiber thickness of 0.1 mm. They are mixed with glue, then pressed and quenched at high temperature. At the end of the polished surface of the plates, or for their particular application, the surface coating is applied which simulates the texture of wood. Fibreboard singular density produced the same thickness as the laminated chipboard, namely from 16 to 29 mm. Uncircumcised plates have a length of 262, 366, 410 and 524 cm and width from 183 to 207, see if you look at the cut chipboard, we can see that the clutch chip in the surface layer sufficiently dense. In the middle of the same structure is very loose. Fibreboard, in contrast, have a uniformly dense structure.

Determination of moisture and drying of wood

Determining Humidity of wood to determine the moisture content of wood, there are several ways. In the living conditions enjoyed by a special device-elektrovlagomerom. The action of the device is based on the change in electrical conductivity of wood depends on its moisture content. Needles elektrovlagomera with painted them electric wires injected into the tree and passes through the electric current, while at the scale of the instrument once celebrated moisture content of wood in the place where we introduced the needle. Many experienced carvers determine the moisture content of wood on the eye. Knowing the types of wood, its density and dr.fizicheskie Holy Island, it is possible to determine moisture content by weight, by the presence of cracks on the face or along the grain of the wood, warping and on other grounds. The color of the bark, its size and color of the wood can recognize ripe or green wood and the degree of humidity. When processing p / m planers thin his chip, flattened by hand, easily crushed - it means the material is wet. If the chip breaks and crumbles, and it indicates that the material is dry enough. When cross-cutting with sharp chisels and draw attention to the chip. If they crumble or vykroshivaetsya herself timber harvesting, which means that the material is too dry. Very wet wood is easily cut, and on-site cutting of the chisel is noticeable wet track. But get in the end quality thread is unlikely to be as cracking, warping and dr.deformatsy not be avoided.

OSB-plates

Oriented particle board (OSB) - a relatively new building material which is used in the construction of frame houses, in furniture, in roofing and in other cases. In the production of OSB is the gluing of large size (3-8 cm), thin chips, and in different layers in different ways, it provides strength slab. In the lower and upper layers of the fiber plates are longitudinally, and on average - the transverse length of the slab. On their properties OSB products are similar to the softwood plywood and chipboard panels. But it is worth RSD is much cheaper because the production of OSB boards demand for raw materials below, although it does not mean that the OSB is worse in quality than the ADI. At the same qualities and at a lower cost-oriented particle board replacing conventional plywood construction market. OSB board - a dense wood pressed three-layer slab of heavily oriented chips of softwood. A substitute for plywood and particleboard. Exterior OSB clearly explains its name. Plate can be easily distinguished by an elongated chips. As we have said, OSB board consists of three layers. In the upper and lower layers of the chip is located longitudinally and the inside - the cross. Each of the layers carefully glued with waterproof resin, then heated to high temperatures and pressed under high pressure, which betrayed him special strength as compared to conventional veneers. OSB boards are made of chips ranging in size from 75 to 150 mm in length from 10 to 25 mm in width and from 0,5 to 0,75 mm in thickness.

The choice of wood for construction

In Russia, has long been used for tree construction. It is perfect for areas with any climate. And today, this traditional material is often used in the construction of the beautiful and warm homes. Its special properties make it possible to achieve a high level of indoor comfort. Our ancestors were very careful attitude to the selection and preparation of wood for the framework. Lumber harvested usually in winter or early spring, until the wood is asleep, and excess water is left in the ground "in recent years on the market of country housing construction, many new materials and technologies. Nevertheless, the wooden houses remain the most popular among individual developers. In many ways, this popularity is due to the fact that in our country the forest is the cheapest building material. In addition, it is in the tree can be implemented architectural features and art images, dictated by national traditions of Russian architecture. Certainly of great importance of the natural origin, which determines the ecological purity of wooden buildings, good air permeability. Finally, the tree - an excellent thermal insulator. This allows the inside of the house chopped optimal ratio of temperature and humidity. In a wooden house is easy to breathe, it is nice and comfortable in any weather. Our ancestors were very careful attitude to the selection and preparation of wood for the framework. Selected only ripe, healthy wood, rotten wood and wormholes, about the same thickness, with a smooth surface.

How to work with plywood

Plywood can handle a variety of ways, as a standard manual or electric woodworking tools. However, it should be noted that the glue in the plywood causing rapid wear of cutting tools, it is recommended to use the tools of hard alloys. Veneers can also be cut with modern cutting systems, laser beams and hydraulic pressure of 3500 bar. Sawing sawing best result is obtained by using tape or a circular saw. To get a clean cut, cutting should be done correctly. First, cutting is performed across the grain of the front side, then go along. This method avoids the splitting angles. At best, the front side of the plywood is hand-sawn or band saw, on the other side - the disk or contour. When sawing a circular saw blade is recommended high speed and low delivery rate. Limit the penetration of teeth saw blade to be small. Drilling holes with smooth edges are obtained if the drill bit rather sharp and is equipped with front cutter. Drilling should begin with the front side. Splittings on the back plate can be avoided by use underlayment sheet. The use of nails for panels to the walls, ceiling and floor are best suited nails with thread or special screws, preferably hat has been hidden or dented. For a secret nailing fit the usual wire nails. Acid nails are recommended for nailing nails exterior cladding panels, because they give better protection against rust on the surface of the panel. The length of the nails should be the thickness of 2.5-3 bar. Considered suitable interval between the nails for panels to the walls and ceiling - 10-20 cm along the edges, 20-30 cm - in the middle, depending on the load and the type of nails.

Protection of wood from rotting

Wood as a material of organic origin is a breeding ground for fungi and insects. Damage from the latter is significant, but not commensurate with the damage to mushrooms - the main "defendant" for a lot of trouble delivering the processes of decay of wood. Rotting wood can occur only when creating certain conditions: temperature - 0 to 50 deg. C, oxygen, humidity - 80-100% humidity the wood - at least 15-20%. A reservation at the mention of temperature is not random: there are mushrooms, do not stop their growth, and at several degrees below zero. Ideally, the fight with a possible start rotting wood on the stage of production and storage timber. Humidity green wood varies seasonally, but averages 60-80%, so it must be dried. The most affordable option - the natural drying, consisting of not less than the annual "staying." Particularly noteworthy are constructive measures that prevent the combined effect of excessive moisture and freezing wood, abrupt change in temperature, condensation, poor air circulation. Protect wood from atmospheric moisture and provide a waterproof roof coating waterproof paints, from capillary moisture - suitable waterproofing. To avoid moisture condensation can be properly placed and heat paroizoliruyuschie layers (the first - is closer to the outside, ie, cold surface, the second - on the contrary, closer to the inside, ie, warm). Of course, wood structures should be based on the foundation and positioned above ground level. We should not forget about the challenge of groundwater (drainage) and the device otmostok.

Lacquered wood

Products of wood covered with colorless finishing materials, preserving or identify the beauty of texture and color of the wood. This is done waxing, varnishing and polishing. However, it should be borne in mind that only a well prepared surface can withstand the test of lacquer or wax, as a transparent finish does not hide, but only emphasizes the imperfection of the stronger finish: Risks, scratches, dents. Waxing of the old traditional transparent finishes are currently used finishing wax polish. It is recommended for larger items (wall panels, frames, sculptures). To prepare the mastic used beeswax or his substitute-ceresin 67. After melting wax or ceresin in a water bath to it was added a solvent (turpentine or gasoline) in a ratio of 1:2 by weight. After the application of hot mastic with a brush and dry for 1,5-2 hours the product surface rub to a shine with a soft hair brush or coarse cloth. After a day operation is repeated. Wax mastic good filling of wood, giving the surface a soft silky sheen. To protect the waxy coating from mechanical damage and moisture, the product is an alcohol varnish. Nitrocellulose lacquer for these purposes can not be used due to lack of adhesion to the wax. COATING Traditional Finish alcohol shellachnoy varnish applied in the practice of crafts, lost in the present place finish nitrocellulose compositions. Nitrocellulose lacquer (nitrocellulose lacquer), followed by polishing nitropolituroy trim souvenirs decorated with carvings. Before coating with lacquer product is primed.

Oriented particle board

Oriented particle board (OSB) is a new high-tech material used in Wood Frame Construction, in the manufacture of furniture, for packaging. OSB boards are made by gluing large size (3-8 cm), thin chips, and the upper and lower layers of the grain direction, longitudinal, and in the middle layer - cross the length of the slab. On the physical properties of OSB are similar to softwood plywood, but much cheaper to manufacture due to the low quality requirements for wood raw material. Because of the lower cost of the same qualities of consumer-oriented chipboard gradually replacing plywood in many traditional areas of application. Oriented strand board - a three-layer thick pressed wood board from the large-oriented chips of softwood. A substitute for plywood and particleboard. Appearance Oriented chipboard clearly explains its name. Plate can be easily distinguished by an elongated chips. Oriented strand board is made up of three layers. In the outer (upper and lower) layers of wood chips is located longitudinally and transversely in the inner layer. Each layer is glued with waterproof resins and compressed under high pressure and temperature. As a result of this technological features of the OSB gets water resistance, elasticity and resistance to extension and construction loads. Particle board, oriented structure (OSB) are made by hot pressing of wood chips mixed with a binder material. OSB production technology was first used commercially in the U.S. in early 1990. According to this production technology initially logs are sorted, then hold a special treatment and fumigate.

The walls of the timber

Wall logs are made of logs by the longitudinal cutting, the cross section bar for the exterior walls are chosen depending on the ambient temperature: 15x15 cm used in design temperature down to -30 ° C, 18x18 cm - at temperatures down to -40 ° C. Bars fasten round wooden pins with a diameter up to 3 cm, inserted in a pre-drilled holes, which have one under the other, to provide a connection Nagel several rows of bars (not less than three). In the corners of the boards unite "in oblo" or "paw". In contrast to the log, bruschatye Wall collect directly to the finished basement: the outer crown is placed on the waterproofing layer with an outer overhang over the cap, the corners of the first crown in poldereva join the rest - or at the root thorns, or on the dowel. In bruschatyh walls, unlike the log, the horizontal seams are flat, and so moisture can penetrate into the room. To reduce the permeability of joints, each timber on the outside of the top edge bevel width of 3.2 cm, and ourselves thoroughly caulk exterior joints and covered with varnish or oil paint. Gusset in the dressing with the native spike (Fig. 54-1) is satisfied with dowel diameter of 3 cm, cutting angle poldereva (Fig. 54-2) operates with Nagel and plug clamps. To reduce ventilation by between bars along their length are stuffed triangle strips, which are made of sticks, cuts them at a diagonal, or arrange the grooves and tongues (Fig. 54-4). In bars, covering rail, choose a triangular groove of such size that it could cover the rails after the installation of insulation material on them.

Preparation of antiseptics

Antiseptics prepare liquid, paste and dry (dry use only horizontal surfaces). The industry produces a variety of drugs to fight fungi and beetles: "Antiseptic", "Talfton", "Gloss", "polish", "Senezh, etc. They are sold in hardware stores and it included instructions on how to use them . But many antiseptics can be cooked at home. For the preparation of solutions, pastes or dry antiseptic use wood, ceramic, glass dish (stainless steel cookware is rapidly destroyed, so it must first two or three times to paint with oil paint, good drying each layer). Water for preparation of solutions must be clean, not tight, heated to 9O ... 95 ° C. If the solution of antiseptic added baking soda or ammonia, the water warmed to 30-40 ° C, to avoid a violent reaction. fluorosilicate ammonium dissolved in cold water. antiseptics to more soluble, it is recommended to crush them slightly moistened with water, and only then pour in the water and thoroughly stirred. To make the processing of wood remained missing seats, an antiseptic solution podkrashivayut aniline dyes, which are used for dyeing (50 g dye 100 l of solution). colorant is dissolved in a little water and pour into the prepared solution as a last resort (water for dilution is taken from its total amount). Flow solution for doubly processing 0,6-0,8 l / m 2, with an antiseptic solution penetrates into the wood to a depth of 1-2 mm. antiseptic solution to the first treatment podkrashivayut weaker than the second.

Eco-friendly housing. Influence of wood on the health and emotional state

Under the environmental benefits, we mean not only benefits to human health, but also harmless to the environment as the product itself and the whole cycle of production. Speaking of eco-friendly housing, we must not forget about this factor as ecosystem services, including high degree of environmental safety, the conditions for rest and recuperation. Compared with concrete and brick houses, wooden houses have many advantages. One of the important properties of wood is its ability to refresh the air in the room, as well as maintain optimum moisture, preventing dampness in the house. Also, the tree is an excellent heat insulator. No wonder that for centuries in Russia, known for its severe frosts, houses were built of wood, which not only preserves, but also concentrates the heat. Speaking on the mechanical properties of wood, it is worth noting that the tree can be easily treated. In addition, it is known that the wood has medicinal properties. In ancient times believed that it relieves fatigue and restores strength. Today, talking about the influence of wood on the bioenergetics of man. For example, it is believed that such species as oak, pine, birch and apple trees have a tendency to give up their energy, while the poplar, aspen, cherry and alder take it. Those trees, which give energy, while providing a healing effect on the human body: relieve stress and anger, improve tone, and restore the nervous system, increases the activity. Some tree species such as apple and cedar, have cleansing and disinfectant properties.

Connection logs "dovetails"

Ivan Trushin Corner vrubka can firmly link the two walls of a house into a single design. To its choice of independent and exterior of the house. "Dovetail" is done when the log ends on both sides on the outer surface of the corner. This type of vrubki runs on two hewn log edging. Tools and materials: 1. Level 2. A saw, hatchet, chisel 3. Tow 4. Material for covering the finished corner of the house (sheets of canvas or metal) Process: 1. Doing on both ends of the lower grades, indicating the inner wall surface. To deepen on the log trapezoidal made a mark - wide end to the edge. After processing, the end of the logs should be like a swallowtail. 2. Hollowing elements vrubki ax to a mark. The upper half of the angular groove runs the castle on every corner. 3. Raise a new log on the corner lock, so that on each side of the butt logs would come exactly on the outer surface. The distance from the timber to the bottom logs must be the same throughout its length. That the gap was even, if necessary, trim the log in place of the second lock. 4. Check the level to a log lying horizontally and unidirectionally from the interior wall surface. Then we do from both sides of the logs mark the inner surfaces. 5. On compasses carpentry sets the size between the logs, which is a groove, and a lower log so that the groove turned out to be the desired width. According to this size on each side of a log house makes a mark for the bottom lock the logs together looming longitudinal groove around the log. 6.

Treatment of wood infested with beetles

Known processing methods: the introduction of antiseptic solution into the interior design, surface impregnation of wood preservatives by painting or spraying, coating wood preservative pastes. With enough preservative on the wood surface female beetles lay almost on her eggs. If they are delayed, it appeared the larvae will die. Prior to the repair of structures damaged by beetles walls, floors, walls desirable to treat any antiseptic. Under the workplace spread a film or oilcloth fabric. Cut the wood harvested is burned or buried in the ground. Infected beetles place antiseptic, dried, and close up dry antiseptirovannoy timber. Fighting bugs and grubs in the furniture. First, molten paraffin wax or obscure from the outside all the holes. Then turn over furniture legs up. In the mid-leg drill one hole with a diameter of 3 mm or more at a depth of 50-150 mm. Prepare an aqueous solution of antiseptic and fill them drilled hole. As such, the furniture is left no less than a day. Then repeat the operation. You can pour antiseptic medical syringe, lubricator for the sewing machine or a syringe. Best squirt or a large metal syringe. Fighting bugs and grubs in the walls, beams, floors. First of all, a thin steel wire with a small curved end cleans the entrance holes left by the larvae and clogged wood flour. In these holes under pressure pouring antiseptic and obscure hole with paraffin, wax or clay. You can do so. At the hearing determine in what place there is a larva. Over the spot and pierced, punched or drilled hole depth of 20-50 mm and a diameter of 2-3 mm.

The fight against the destroyers of wood

Wrestling with household fungi and insects - timber can be reduced to a minimum, if the advance to take appropriate action. For example, for the life of wood pests it is necessary moisture content. In very dry wood or fungi, or beetles Dry wood borers can not live without. Thus, the beetles first appeared in the legs of furniture, because when you wash their floors often with a damp cloth, and this makes the wood a certain amount of moisture. Thus, concern for the preservation of wood should start even with the cutting area, where you would normally get infected mushroom houses. Mycelium from infected wood easily gets through to the latest tools, shoes, clothes, etc. Frost is below 5 ° C kills the mycelium, but, unfortunately, only on the wood surface. Develop fungi as the light and in darkness. The main condition for their development - humidity. It is necessary to procure a healthy timber otbrakovyvaya with signs of infection not only fungi but also beetles. Store materials necessary for a high, dry place free from debris, bushes, herbs, with a mandatory device grooves for water drainage. Timber must oshkurit, bark and other debris removed from storage and burn, observing fire prevention measures. Oshkurennye logs appropriate cover (color) on all sides by water with antiseptic or even lime wash (in a bucket of whitewash of 100 g of common salt, previously dissolved in water). The ends of the logs can not be an oil painting or other like paint, closing the pores of the wood. The logs should be laid in each row butt to one side.

To choose the right timber, you must know the properties of trees

Coniferous trees generally have a soft wood, so the facial details in the articles are rarely used. This is due to the fact that the soft wood is sensitive to mechanical damage and shocks. Practice shows that when the requirements to the process coniferous species can be successfully used for the manufacture of furniture. Products of small size are produced mainly from softwood without knots, with beautiful, pronounced growth rings (cypress, juniper, larch, red pine, etc.). Spruce with lots of knots, as well as white pine and fir - the breed that need more toning decorative or ornamental carvings. Softwood easily stained, but intense color hue suppresses its ornamental value. After drying, the wood shrinks in volume and subjected to the natural warping. In joinery needed to correctly determine the drying of wood, so as nedosushenny and over-dried material is equally unfit for the job. In conditions of normal humidity environment overdried wood inevitably will absorb moisture from the air and winced. At normal wood adversely affects the variable change in temperature: the material in this crack. The state of the wood, its drying and swelling affects a number of reasons: time, harvesting, duration, conditions of exposure, etc. A tree, harvested in winter, wood (compared with summer harvesting) are less wet, as during this period, it slows its growth . It must be remembered that nedosushivanie and overdrying strongest impact on solid and tight and less - the soft and loose. For items to be collected wood homogeneous structure of rocks, to the degree of shrinkage of billets was the same.

Vices lumber

Conditions in which the tree grows and develops, not only affect the texture of its wood, but also lead to different deviations from the structure and development of the barrel. This, in turn, can cause the presence of various defects, which impose limitations on the scope of the timber. These abnormalities include a variety of curved trees, burls, knots and forks along its length, causing disturbances in the very texture, changing its color and affect the mechanical strength of wood. Cracks appear in the wood as it grows. For their education affect environmental factors and internal stresses arising in the trunk. Distinguish frosty, and otlupnye metikovye cracks. Frost cracks appear in the expansion of internal moisture in severe frosts. The result is a cross-cutting cracks directed radially. Internal stresses arising in the trunk, give rise to otlupnyh (separation from each other's growth rings) and metikovyh (going along the trunk from the butt to the top) cracks. In addition, when drying wood can cause cracks resulting from shrinkage. Knots appear in place of sprouting branches and significantly reduce the value of timber. In the field of knots reduces the mechanical strength of wood as drying to the mote loses contact with the base and weakens the structure. In addition, the knots have an impact on the appearance of wood grain meant for a transparent finish. Roe (the slope of the fibers) is a different deviation of the direction of the fibers from the longitudinal axis of the tree.

Work with plywood properly

Plywood can handle a variety of ways, as a standard manual or electric woodworking tools. However, it should be noted that the glue in the plywood causing rapid wear of cutting tools, it is recommended to use the tools of hard alloys. Veneers can also be cut with modern cutting systems, laser beams and hydraulic pressure of 3500 bar. Sawing sawing best result is obtained by using tape or a circular saw. To get a clean cut, cutting should be done correctly. First, cutting is performed across the grain of the front side, then go along. This method avoids the splitting angles. At best, the front side of the plywood is hand-sawn or band saw, on the other side - the disk or contour. When sawing a circular saw blade is recommended high speed and low delivery rate. Limit the penetration of teeth saw blade to be small. Drilling holes with smooth edges are obtained if the drill bit rather sharp and is equipped with front cutter. Drilling should begin with the front side. Splittings on the back plate can be avoided by use underlayment sheet. The use of nails for panels to the walls, ceiling and floor are best suited nails with thread or special screws, preferably hat has been hidden or dented. For a secret nailing fit the usual wire nails. Acid nails are recommended for nailing nails exterior cladding panels, because they give better protection against rust on the surface of the panel. The length of the nails should be the thickness of 2.5-3 bar. Considered suitable interval between the nails for panels to the walls and ceiling - 10-20 cm along the edges, 20-30 cm - in the middle, depending on the load and the type of nails.

Treatment of wood infested houses mushrooms

Due to persistence of fungal organisms range of measures to antiseptic repair should be performed very carefully, in a strict sequence. Everything, even the slightly affected areas of wood should be removed. After this construction is well dried, antiseptic, and again dried (in crude wood preservatives is not absorbed). Antiseptirovanie best performed three times at a constant or systematic airing. As mentioned, many antiseptic solutions corrode metals, so the metal parts is recommended prior to treatment with oil paints to paint two or three. In order not to spread the fungal spores, for removing diseased wood under the seat is recommended to lay plastic sheeting, oilcloth, or a thick cloth. If the treatment is carried out at the top of the wall, the wall itself, and below the treated site should be anything closed to her did not get fungal spores. After processing all the cut wood (wood chips, sawdust, chips) should be collected in a metal container and burn or bury at a depth of 70 cm, A Place in the cut wood antiseptic, dry, and only then put in place antiseptirovannuyu and dried piece. Repaired the place to be reliably protected from moisture and create the opportunity for continuous ventilation. Dry antiseptics and preservatives based on kerosene or turpentine, or their mixtures are not dried. On the horizontal surfaces of various designs can be applied dry antiseptic, mounds of layers desired thickness, taking measures that they will not pour.

Mihran

Production Technology Mihran ™ - die plate parapet (tops) from molded polymer with sawdust liners (plates window sill a table-top form from polymer of concrete with wood-shaving by the stitches-in) . The use of technology is possible in the manufacture of slabs having the correct geometrical shape. polished surface of the plate is formed inside the technological form during the crystallization process, which limits the number of polished surfaces. The main filler polymer is crushed natural stone. The use of natural marble and granite chips a fraction of the strength and stiffness, limited color variety of products. The technology allows the natural color of marble - a white-gray, gray, granite colors - red-brown, black and green. Tonality surface is achieved in the process of crushing and screening aggregate, the main criterion is chosen faction. Preservation of the natural colors of natural stone does not require the addition of dyes and colored pigments. The use of chipboard is a technical requirement of technology, which is an element of reinforcement. liner gives the product flexibility and eliminates the fragility of the crystallized polymer. Each product is sealed liner layer compound. Mihran ™ Every product individually. molds manufactured according to individual sizes designed product. window-sill plate - an element of window design, the regulatory construction parts, installed in the base window opening inside the room, connecting and hiding the lower mounting joint window block in the window opening.

Construction of the wall framing

The process of assembling the wall frame begins with the processing of the basement at home - covering waterproofing layer. Depending on the size of frame houses on either side of openings wider than 1,5 m provide additional vertical posts that provide structural rigidity, protecting the gap and facilitate the fixing of tiles. For vertical mounting rails framework used compound of 3 - 4 nails 125 mm in length. Skeleton racks are placed at intervals depending on the width ordered or provided in the project of finishing and insulation panels - usually within 60 cm in the calculation of the gaps between the posts should also take into account the size of window and door openings. As an upper horizontal belt carcass using dual-beam, the total thickness of which corresponds to the size uprights and the height is calculated on the perception of stress is higher than the structures on the site where the frame between the uprights have the greatest distance, or on site at opening of maximum width. In the area of ??this opening the upper horizontal beam of the frame can be strengthened an additional wooden beam. Upper chord frame walls can also serve as a bar, located at the upper edge of the lower tier of the roof trusses. Installation of frame start with fixing the lower belts. Accuracy of angles between the belts should be checked before assembly. Angular vertical bars set with a plumb. Vertical angle bars and ordinary rack frames the side walls are placed in accordance with the dimensions shown in the draft, if necessary, carry out the frame.

Wood Processing

There are several methods of working wood. To complete each of them requires a certain set of tools and possession of a certain set of knowledge. Therefore, in this paper we describe how to perform certain types of joinery and carpentry, as well as reveal some secrets of professional skill. Let's start with the first, relatively simple operations. For example, tesaniya wood, which is only used in the processing of ridges, plates and quarters. This method of treatment is to separate the bark from solid wood. The main tool used in this paper is an ax. All of the axes are directed from top to bottom around the trunk. In this case, the ax blade should not penetrate deep into the bark, so as not to damage the wood itself. As you work together with the bark should chop and protruding knots, thereby maximizing prepare wood for further processing. A next step is sawing wood. In mechanical sawing logs and boards can get plates of varying degrees of quality. With the help of this technique can be obtained from the board to make certain parts. Meanwhile, the second way of cutting can be performed on the workbench at home. Depending on how much fat is selected solid wood, will need to choose one or the other saw. Depending on how the workpiece is mounted on a workbench, depends used when working sawmill reception. If you fix the workpiece on the bench horizontally and the saw while at right angles relative to the most part, then such a technique is called horizontal. In this case, place cut should be a few go beyond the surface of the bench, so that when the work does not damage the board, and the procedure itself will be much easier.

Massive board: the philosophy of stability

Maxim Glotov man, appreciates the stability and the Q, are struggling in today's rapidly changing world. However, there are things that still live on the other, we may say the eternal laws. Among them - the massive board. This material is for the ages. His appearance is driving away the thought of the impermanence of earthly existence. Massive board holds a special place in the row of wooden floors. For its appearance, it resembles a parquet board, but unlike the latter, consists of a single piece of wood, rather than three layers, where valuable - only the top. Accordingly, the massive floor stands a much greater number of polishing (thickness 2-2,2 cm working layer of the array up to 1 cm). With solid wood parquet has the general structure (parquet is also solid on the depth), but it far exceeds its size. Typically, the width of these boards is 12-15 cm (rarely 20 cm), and length - from 60 cm to 3 m. Wood Flooring: from classics to exotics Solid flooring is made from both hardwood and softwood timber. Anciently known oak floors, renowned for its strength and durability. Hardwood with oak competes Siberian larch: it has high hardness, resistance to pests, moisture and most importantly, is relatively inexpensive. From overseas for the manufacture of solid wood boards are used: Tigerwood, Ipe (Lapacho), Jatoba, Rosewood, Zebrano, teak, wenge. The most common foreign breed - merbau. Exotic breeds are understandably more expensive local. But if you want to lay an unusual floor (purple, yellow, pink hue, etc.), it is better to pay more for imports than to acquire widespread toned rocks (eg oak): pereshlifovke at all the beauty disappears.

Wooden cottages of timber

A growing place among the town houses being built in Russia in recent times is occupied wooden houses. Many domestic buyers of suburban housing again today prefer wooden cottages. For a long time in our country, wood was the main material for building houses. It gradually replaced other materials, and it was thought that as a building material wood short-lived, and most importantly - fire hazard. However, on the brink of thousands of years by the introduction of new technology it returned to the building practice. And it became obvious that our natural environment wooden house fits perfectly. Over the last few years of intense suburban development psychological barrier last few decades has been overcome. Began to change and stereotypes associated with the idea of ??living in wooden houses. Experience shows that a modern wooden house can be very convenient and comfortable. However, when choosing a wooden house project is important to consider what will be the house: a tree, what form and what a way to handle will be used as building material for a future home. Of technology and quality construction materials depend not only on appearance and reliability of the home, but also a comfortable stay. Therefore, harvesting and processing wood - not less important stage of construction than build a wooden cottage. Today, successful companies in all stages of the production process are automated. When designing the home of industrial production is widely used computer technology that allows us to derive wooden construction on a new level.

No nails, but for centuries

Natalia Aleksyutina log structure is the basis of the wooden house. Despite the fact that this method of construction appeared long ago, now he continues to enjoy great popularity. Construction chopped walls when horizontally stacked logs joined at the corners vrubkami, known more CO of Old Rus. The very core of the building of such walls is called the frame, each row of logs - the crown. Erection of wooden houses on the principle of the connection log involves stacked logs or boards without using nails. In a wooden house construction, there are two types of log buildings: a log and bruschaty. Felling of debarked logs to log this type of use, as a rule, logs with a diameter of 180 to 300 mm. However, one of the latest trends - the increase Dimetra to 40-45 cm for log house trying to use only the conifers, as they form the barrel most correct, and they are subject to rot less than hardwoods. The bottom of the framework should be the thickest, ie about 5 cm thick all subsequent ones, and it can be made of oak or larch. To log as tightly as possible adjacent to each other in the construction of walls, the bottom side of a semicircular groove is cut about the size of 12 cm, but, in general, the size of the groove depends on the diameter logs, and the wider the groove, the warmer the house. At the corners of the logs can be connected both with the residue, and without it. Chopping the walls with the remainder mainly used for homes that do not sheathe the outside. A house without walls provides balance, on the contrary, the plating.

Choosing a timber

Mikhail Skvortsov Lumber now not in short supply: they have at any Stroybaza, of which a great many. How to choose quality products, standing in front of piles of boards: fragrant svezhenapilennoy either already grayed and lightly battered with fungus? Type of timber used wood species, quality of treatment - all these factors determine how large spread in mind, so the price and quality. Assume a circular timber once passed through the circular saw for sawmill, in which case we receive the material that both sides have the plane and said carriage. If, however, propylene, all four planes, it turns edging material, which is divided into segments, edged boards and small bar. The so-called planed moldings - this wall paneling, trim, baseboards, floorboards, etc. Glued laminated timber, laminated timber and furniture boards called glued products. It would seem that a purely professional terms the average consumer to anything. However, knowledgeable bookseller anywhere on Stroybaza, as a rule, these terms are used, but because a certain minimum vocabulary needed here. After passing through the sawmill with lumber produced extensive surface - the plate, narrow - edge, end - the ends. Furthest from the core timber is the outer layer, less distant - the inside. With respect to the annual rings of the plate can be arranged in different ways, depending on the cutting: the radial, tangential or mixed. Depending on the size of the cross-sectional cut material is divided into bars (width and thickness of more than one hundred millimeters), board (width greater than twice the thickness) and bars (width not more than twice the thickness).

Secrets of beauty and longevity

Vladimir Mikhailov unique natural wood color, unfortunately, vulnerable and short-lived. Wetness, temperature, fungus and blue - all of which can completely destroy the charm of the first timber, and then the rest of its remarkable properties. On ways to combat this scourge and will be discussed. Our ancestors antiseptics and dryers do not know. But felled forest at certain times, rafted the rivers, and dried under the sun and wind ... Different regions have their own ways of "hardening" of wood against fungi and bark beetles, but all of them - not for our industrial age, though, because sometimes take years. Many secrets of carpentry and timber artisanal, alas, irretrievably lost. They were replaced by high technology and chemical methods of protection. But the chemistry chemistry strife. Sometimes the manufacturers of various fire retardants, bleaches, and antiseptic formulations "forget" to warn consumers that their products are not too healthy. As a result, we are proud to be used in the interior of natural wood, but do not realize that it is hopelessly poisoned by salts of heavy metals and other filth. Everything is good in moderation. To begin with, note: A good host must first avoid the conditions in which the natural enemies of wood feel at ease and confident. Among these enemies, in particular, bacteria, fungi, algae, insects that feed on either wood, or simply contribute to its destruction. To make life pests of wooden structures did not seem to honey, first of all need to observe a certain humidity conditions.

Secrets of working with wood

There are several methods of working wood. To complete each of them requires a certain set of tools and possession of a certain set of knowledge. Therefore, in this paper we describe how to perform certain types of joinery and carpentry, as well as reveal some secrets of professional skill. Let's start with the first, relatively simple operations. For example, tesaniya wood, which is only used in the processing of ridges, plates and quarters. This method of treatment is to separate the bark from solid wood. The main tool used in this paper is an ax. All of the axes are directed from top to bottom around the trunk. In this case, the ax blade should not penetrate deep into the bark, so as not to damage the wood itself. As you work together with the bark should chop and protruding knots, thereby maximizing prepare wood for further processing. A next step is sawing wood. In mechanical sawing logs and boards can get plates of varying degrees of quality. With the help of this technique can be obtained from the board to make certain parts. Meanwhile, the second way of cutting can be performed on the workbench at home. Depending on how much fat is selected solid wood, will need to choose one or the other saw. Depending on how the workpiece is mounted on a workbench, depends used when working sawmill reception. If you fix the workpiece on the bench horizontally and the saw while at right angles relative to the most part, then such a technique is called horizontal. In this case, place cut should be a few go beyond the surface of the bench, so that when the work does not damage the board, and the procedure itself will be much easier.

Treatment of plywood

Process plywood can be different ways as the standard manual and electric woodworking tools. However, it should be noted that the glue in the plywood causing rapid wear of cutting tools, it is recommended to use the tools of hard alloys. Veneers can also be cut with modern cutting systems, laser beams and hydraulic systems. Sawing. The best result is obtained by cutting the use tape or a circular saw. To get a clean cut, cutting should be done correctly. First, cutting is performed across the grain of the front side, then go along. This method avoids the splitting angles. At best, the front side of the plywood is hand-sawn or band saw, on the other side - the disk or contour. When sawing a circular saw blade is recommended high speed and low delivery rate. Limit the penetration of teeth saw blade to be small. Drilling. Holes with smooth edges are obtained if the drill bit rather sharp and is equipped with front cutter. Drilling should begin with the front side. Splittings on the back plate can be avoided by using the lining worksheet. The use of nails. For panels to the walls, ceiling and floor are best suited nails with thread or special screws, preferably hat has been hidden or dented. For a secret nailing fit the usual wire nails. Acid nails are recommended for nailing nails exterior cladding panels, because they give better protection against rust on the surface of the panel. The length of the nails should be the thickness of 2.5-3 bar. Considered suitable interval between the nails for panels to the walls and ceiling - 10-20 cm along the edges, 20-30 cm - in the middle, depending on the load and the type of nails.

Let's talk about the CPD

Vitaly Lviv Modern technology offers increasing choice and it is sometimes difficult to navigate in a variety of proposals. CPD - it is not just an alloy shavings, a faceless slab, this is what makes our home more comfortable and life easier! In our time, ADI - the most common material in the manufacture of furniture and decoration, as it has some obvious advantages over wood and other materials. Modern technology offers increasing choice and it is sometimes difficult to navigate in a variety of proposals and prices. CPD - it is not just an alloy shavings, a faceless slab, this is what makes our home more comfortable and life easier! Particle board (chipboard), this slab lumber, made by hot pressing of wood particles (wood chips) and a binder. As a binder used different binders, such as formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde and other resins. Particle boards are used in various industries, depending on the point of use panels have different properties. Types of plates are very diverse, but there are types of their division into groups according to the method spresovki, type of wood used, applied by the binder material or by the form liner. Ground and visible to the eye the difference is the difference between polished and laminated chipboard. Particleboard is a polished plate, which does not have any specific coating, ie, its obverse side reflects its structural content. In turn, laminated chipboard covered with melamine film (very similar to plastic) which bear the image of decor, or the film is painted in one color.

Angular vrubka round logs "in the bowl»

Svyatoslav Otychko Corner vrubka can firmly link the two walls of a house into a single design. To its choice of independent and exterior of the house. When cutting "in a bowl" in the log is only one groove on its underside. Tools and materials: 1. Level 2. A saw, hatchet, chisel 3. Tow 4. Material for covering the finished corner of the house (sheets of canvas or metal) Process: 1. Install new timber over the previous approximately at the point of final installation. It should be based on the cap upside down. 2. Take the level and on a side draw a vertical line cut logs. By that point we will later check that the wall is vertical. 3. Set the compass at the carpentry is the distance between the lugs to fit the size of the groove design value. 4. Preserving the distance between the tips, proverchivaem as a groove, and the contour of gouging the sample from both sides of the logs. 5. Logs are turning up and attaches to gouging. 6. Gouge doing pothole along the groove of the castle. Chainsaw in the log Scrollsaw as a large piece for the slot of the castle. At the same time remember that the grooves can not pass line. 7. Move the tip of a chainsaw in a lateral direction from the groove vypilivaya remaining material. No need to go too to the edge, because when working with a chisel detached surface of the timber. 8. Attach to the bottom of the excavation slightly curved shape - this space is useful for the tow. 9. After a corner of the castle hollow longitudinal groove logs. 10.

GOST 25130-82 coating for wood intumescent fire-resistant VAP. Technical requirements

GOST 8904-81 Fibreboards solid paint-coated. Technical conditions

Wooden articles of improved form

Oksana Kolganova Although wood is a beautiful building and finishing materials, sometimes there is a need to change in a particular direction of its quality. It is important to use technologies that do not violate its main advantages - eco-friendliness. The market of finishing materials for the country house growing number of consumers prefer products made of wood. To improve the performance of wood products and improve the decorative effect of relatively cheap wood, there are two ways. One of them - the so-called active modification, ie, chemical or biological treatment of wood (volume or surface). Active modification involves changing the structure of wood applied to the surface of special trains. A set of these methods is quite effective and preferable to the price / quality ratio. Nevertheless, chemically or biologically treated wood can not be completely environmentally friendly product. There are other methods of passive modification of wood, which include the creation of Thermo. He does not use chemical additives in the tree structure. The modification occurs only at the expense of handling environmentally friendly elements, such as steam and natural vegetable oils. The resulting products remain as clean as before the treatment process. At the same time greatly improves their quality and decorative properties. Testing of heat Thermowood (heat-treated wood, thermally modified wood, THERMOWOOD, thermowood) - this is hydrothermal treated wood. It is a natural, environmentally-friendly decorative materials and has, in comparison with conventional carpentry and construction timber, a number of unique performance characteristics.

Materials for building houses

Once you select a project home, proceed to the selection of material from which we shall build a house. This is a very important moment, because that will depend on the material properties of the main building: strength, microclimate, teplosbregaemost, etc. Material selection and construction of walls depends on many factors. Here and climatic conditions, and architectural design of the building, and, finally, the availability of local building materials, their physical, mechanical and economic performance. Depending on the material used, are distinguished: Stone houses are houses made of natural or artificial brick, stone, concrete, and keramsit gozosilikatnyh blocks, the main positive characteristic of stone houses is their strength and durability. How to allocate their shortcomings: the need for enhanced heating, in order to avoid mold and moisture, as well as the need for the construction of a massive base to compensate for the huge mass of the house. Both entail considerable financial costs. Although weight reduction walls and increase heat capacity can be achieved using perforated bricks, or Arbol claydite. Houses of brick houses made of bricks can save tens of years of heat, creating coziness of their respective owners. Such structures attributed to the fact that it is quite possible demise for several generations, for at least 100-150 years old, making only minor repair. Regardless of the architecture, a spacious brick house can be called a familial home. In the construction of brick houses use modern insulation materials that make the technology effective home insulation.

A modern wooden house

Oksana Kolganova in articles about home construction and materials for the walls, we again and again return to the subject tree. This is understandable. History and our entire way of life are organically connected with the forest and wood - hence our notions of beauty, generosity, work and freedom. Our home - a reflection of our mentality in everyday life. Residential and living in Russia since ancient times has been developed building wooden houses. Centuries-old traditions and unique wooden architecture used in the construction and to this day. What's good this stuff? Wood, even after technological processing, retains its ecological and aesthetic beauty. Natural wood can translate virtually any construction and architectural practice. Especially that new technologies, many of which now make it possible to eliminate the drawbacks of the tree, stressing its advantages. The face of modern wooden houses varied. The emergence of new technologies is rapidly changing our daily lives and the face of our home, without losing sight of the distant image of the mother, keenly receptive to new influences. But here is what is significant: in all these transformations of the wooden house only gets better, it incorporates only the most acceptable and organic. Softwood is used in the construction of pine, fir, larch, fir, cedar. For the manufacture of load-bearing structures are more suitable for pine and larch, in contrast to spruce and fir are less prone to rotting. In the European construction industry because of its prevalence ranks first pine.